Cardiovascular System Of Man Research Articles

Prostacyclin effect on cardiovascular system in man evaluated by echocardiography

This was an echocardiographic study of the cardiovascular effects of rostacclin (PGI 2) infused intravenously to human volunteers at the rate of 20 ng⊎ Kg − ⊎ min − for 10 Anutes. The following parameters were recorded in the steady state , at one-minute intervals throughout infusion and the ensuing recovery period: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure ( SBP, DBP, MBP); heart rate (HR); left ventricle end-diastolic (EDD) and end-systolic diameter (ESD); stroke volume index ( SVI); cardiac index (CI); peripheral vascular resistance (PVR); left ventricle fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). We detected a progressive reduction of MBP without any HR modification. MBP reduction was associated with a reduction of PVR and a parallel rise of CI and SVI. There was also an increase of FS and EF reflecting a reduced ESD. We conclude that PGI 2 infused in man at the rate stated above causes hypotension reflecting an arterial vasodilating effect; a lack of heart rate reflex response to afterload reduction (probably a nerve-mediated effect of PGI ); and no venous vasodilation, judging from the absence of any change in end-diastolic diameter.

The effects of infusion of calcium and magnesium ions on the cardiovascular system in man.

The effects of Ca++ and Mg++ infusion on the cardiovascular system were studied in 96 normotensive subjects and 85 hypertensive patients. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The effects of Ca++ infusion on the systolic time intervals were characterized by the shortening of QS2I, PEPI, and ICT, and increase in ET/PEP. The responses of the systemic hemodynamics were elevation of mean blood pressure and increase in cardiac index and stroke index. The heart rate was not altered. (2) These results support that Ca++ has a positive inotropic action and increases the left ventricular performance. (3) The effects of Mg++ infusion on the systolic time intervals were characterized by the prolongation of QS2I, PEPI, and ECT. The responses of systemic hemodynamics were elevation of mean blood pressure and increase in heart rate. The ET/PEP and cardiac index tended to decrease, but these changes were not significant. (4) From these results it is suggested that Mg++ depress myocardial contractility and has a positive chronotropic action. (5) There were no significant differences in the systolic time intervals and hemodynamic responses to the infusion of Ca++ and Mg++ between normotensives and hypertensives.

Maprotiline

Maprotiline1, 1-(3-methylaminopropyl) dibenzo(b,e) bicyclo (2.2.2) octadiene, is a tetracyclic drug, distinguished from conventional tricyclic antidepressants only by the rigid flexure of itsmolecular skeleton. In contrast to amitriptyline or imipramine, maprotiline has sedative and tranquillising properties in animals, appears to have negligible effects on the cardiovascular system in man, and does not influence the central metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine. It is indicated for use in the treatment of all types of mental depression or depressive mood disorders, but seems to offer no compelling advantages over the tricyclic antidepressants.

Integrated mechanisms of cardiovascular response and control during exercise in the normal human

P HYSICAL exercise is one of the most stressful conditions imposed on the cardiovascular system of man. Full participation and adaptability of the various neural, humoral, and hydraulic components of the circulation are of paramount importance in enabling man to meet the demands for oxygen and substrate delivery, in addition to carbon dioxide and metabolite removal. In heavy physical exercise, the cardiac output may reach six to eight times the resting value, and in the accomplished marathon runner, may be maintained above 85% of these values in excess of 2 hr. With the background of the current interest in exercise as a preventive regimen for coronary heart disease, in the use of the exercise stress test for the early diagnosis of acquired coronary heart disease, and in the possibility of exercise as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of coronary heart disease, an adequate understanding of normal circulatory function during exercise is essential. Several excellent reviews have recently appeared addressed to problems of cardiovascular adjustment to exercise.rm3 It is not the purpose of this paper to duplicate these reviews. Rather, we hope to develop a coherent and workable concept of the over-all dynamics and regulation of the circulation during exercise. Discrete functions of individual segments of the circulation in exercise will be discussed in other articles of this series. While the responses of the cardiovascular system during exercise involve virtually every circulatory

Effects of High-Altitude Environment on the Cardiovascular System of Man

Cardiac output during exercise is decreased after a prolonged sojourn at high altitude. The maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude, which persists at a low value even after arterial oxygen content normalizes, is reduced because of these changes in cardiac output. Alterations of both heart rate and stroke volume contribute to this decrease. The etiologies of these changes are not known, but failure to restitute stroke work to sea-level values with dextran 75 infusion suggests altered myocardial function. The superior physical performance of high-altitude natives may be due to cardiovascular adaptation to hypoxia.

Effects of high-altitude environment on the cardiovascular system of man

Effects of high-altitude environment on the cardiovascular system of man

EFFECTS OF ATROPINE AND SCOPOLAMINE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN MAN. 2. SECONDARY BRADYCARDIA AFTER SCOPOLAMINE.

EFFECTS OF ATROPINE AND SCOPOLAMINE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN MAN. 2. SECONDARY BRADYCARDIA AFTER SCOPOLAMINE.

EFFECTS OF ATROPINE AND SCOPOLAMINE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN MAN.

Fit volunteers were given three doses of 1.5 μg./kg. of the bases of scopolamine or atropine intravenously over a period of 20 minutes. Heart rates fell at first, then rose greater after scopolamine than atropine. Within 30 minutes after the third dose of scopolamine, a striking secondary bradycardia developed, which lasted for three hours. Secondary bradycardia was not seen after atropine. In one experiment with scopolamine, cardiac output was measured and peripheral vascular resistance was calculated. Output varied directly, and resistance inversely in proportion to heart rate.

Pharmacological action of tyramine on the cardiovascular system in man.

1. Intravenous injection of tyramine in man causes elevation of blood pressure and TPR, but inconsistent effects on CO and pulse rate. Changes in the site of impulse formation and conduction were seen in the ECG. 2. The reproducibility of the tyramine response was studied in 18 subjects to assess its value as a test of tissue catecholamine stores. 3. The dose-response relationship of the pressor effect of tyramine was determined.

Recurrent Asian influenza in an industrial population.

Article1 May 1961RECURRENT ASIAN INFLUENZA IN AN INDUSTRIAL POPULATIONNEILL K. WEAVER, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN G. LIONE, M.D., WILLIAM J. MOGABGAB, M.D., F.A.C.P.NEILL K. WEAVER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN G. LIONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM J. MOGABGAB, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-843 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn epidemic of influenza may disable a significant number of workers in an industrial plant and seriously curtail its operation. At present, vaccination offers the only means of offsetting these consequences. Since acceptability of the vaccine dictates the amount of its use in a civilian population, this factor must be considered along with the protective effect of the vaccine in evaluating the degree of success in a program of control. Accordingly, it was of interest to investigate two occurrences of influenza A2 in an industrial population that had been offered influenza immunization on an annual basis since 1957.In the...Bibliography1. MogabgabPelonBurchHolmes WJWGEB: Characteristics of the Asian strain of influenza A. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 99: 116-20, Oct. 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Mogabgab WJ, in Top, F. H.: Communicable and infectious diseases. C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, pp. 386-95, 1960. Google Scholar3. CareyDunnRobinsonJensenMartin DEFLRQKEJD: Community-wide epidemic of Asian strain influenza. J. A. M. A. 167: 1459-63, July 19, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DunnCareyCohenMartin FLDEAJD: Epidemiologic studies of Asian influenza in a Louisiana parish. Amer. J. Hyg. 70: 351-71, Nov. 1959. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WalshBurchWhiteMogabgabDietlein JGEAWJL: A study of the effects of Type A (Asian strain) influenza on the cardiovascular system of man. Ann. Intern. Med. 49: 502-28, Sept. 1958. LinkGoogle Scholar6. GilbertCarawayBruceMogabgab VECTJMWJ: Epidemic recurrence of Asian influenza in Louisiana. 1959-1960. (To be published.) Google Scholar7. GriebleJacksonDowling HGGGHF: The etiology of common respiratory infections in a civilian adult population. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 235: 245-60, March 1958. 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. TrotterDunnDrachmanHendersonPizziLangmuir YFLRHDAMAD: Asian influenza in the United States, 1957-1958. Amer. J. Hyg. 70: 34-50, July 1959. MedlineGoogle Scholar9. Van GelderGreenspanDufresne DWFSNE: Influenza vaccination: comparison of intracutaneous and subcutaneous methods. U. S. Nav. Med. Bull. 47: 197-06, Jan.-Feb. 1947. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. PelonMogabgabDietleinBurchHolmes WWJLGEB: Antibody response to Asian influenza vaccination in man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 99: 120-24, Oct. 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. McCarrollKilbourne JRED: Immunization with Asian-strain influenza vaccine: equivalence of the subcutaneous and intradermal routes. New Engl. J. Med. 259: 618-21, Sept. 25, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. RendtorffWalkerRowlandPacher RCLCMEH: Intradermal immunization against Asian influenza in children. J. A. M. A. 170: 524-28, May 30, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. EdwardsWellingsColwellKieneSigel HKFMFOIMM: Immunization against influenza in industry. Industr. Med. Surg. 27: 638-40, Dec. 1958. MedlineGoogle Scholar14. BogerAaronsonFrankel WPHGJW: Asian influenza: persistence of antibodies and revaccination. New Engl. J. Med. 262: 856-60, April 28, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. LynchFoxThayerSchmit JMMWWRGL: Reactions to influenza vaccine inoculations. Arch. Industr. Health 21: 94-98, June, 1960. Google Scholar16. GreeneBeaver CCGT: A study of mass influenza inoculation in a large industry. J. Occup. Med. 2: 363-70, Aug. 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. GundelfingerStilleBell BFWTJA: Effectiveness of influenza vaccine during an epidemic of Asian influenza. New Engl. J. Med. 259: 1005-09, Nov. 20, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. MogabgabHolmesBrightwellResler WJBRJCW: Effect of dosage and interval between injections on the antibody response to polyvalent influenza vaccine. (To be published.) Google Scholar19. BrownOligachlaegerLegierSchmidt GODMRR: Studies of the epidemiology of influenza as demonstrated by serum pools. II. Evidence of inapparent influenza infections and general level of population resistance as shown by the antihemagglutination reaction in serum pools collected by random sampling. Arch. Intern. Med. 106: 496-12, Oct. 1960. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication January 1, 1961.From the Medical Department, Humble Oil and Refining Company, Baton Rouge Refinery, and the Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La.†Supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grant EP3509 to the Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Neill K. Weaver, M.D., Medical Department, Humble Oil and Refining Company, Baton Rouge Refinery, Post Office Box 551, Baton Rouge, La. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevention of Acute Upper Respiratory DiseasesAcute Upper Respiratory Disease in IndustryPrinciples of active immunization for prevention of infectionAnnual influenza vaccination as a lifesaving measure 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 843-855KeywordsEpidemiologyInfectious diseasesMedical servicesOilsVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...

Chapter VIII: Examination of Cardiovascular System in Man during Increased Intrabronchial Pressure

Chapter VIII: Examination of Cardiovascular System in Man during Increased Intrabronchial Pressure

Chapter VIII: Examination of the Cardiovascular System in Man during Increased Intrabronchial Pressure

Chapter VIII: Examination of the Cardiovascular System in Man during Increased Intrabronchial Pressure

A study of the effects of type A (Asian strain) influenza on the cardiovascular system of man.

Excerpt The foreknowledge of the approaching pandemic of Asian influenza permitted for the first time the planning of programs for the study of many aspects of the disease in different areas of the...

Effect of smoking on the cardiovascular system of man.

In normal subjects smoking or the injection of nicotine produces transient vascular effects on the heart and blood vessels. Apparently tobacco angina or tobacco heart is a clinical entity. Abnormal vascular responses after smoking in normal subjects may be due to hypersensitivity to nicotine, such as occurs in tobacco heart, or to the effect of nicotine on a vascular system demonstrated to be hyperreactive by the cold pressor test. Tobacco is one of the most prominent contributing factors in thromboangiitis obliterans, as thromboangiitis is rarely found in nonsmokers. The question as to whether the effects of smoking are due to sudden increased work of the heart or constriction of the coronary artery has stimulated a great amount of research. There is evidence to support both theories. The findings of abnormal ballistocardiograms before and after smoking in the offspring of hypertensive parents and after smoking in the offspring of parents with coronary heart disease are highly important. Statistically coronary artery disease seems to occur more frequently and at an earlier age in the person who smokes much than in the nonsmoker. Likewise, the mortality rate is higher among younger persons with coronary disease who are smokers than among those who are nonsmokers.

Changes in the cardio-vascular system of man in health and disease produced by filling of the urinary bladder

Changes in the cardio-vascular system of man in health and disease produced by filling of the urinary bladder

The management of malignant hypertension.

Excerpt INTRODUCTION Hypertension varies strikingly in its clinical course. One of the unexplained vagaries of this condition is the fact that in some instances the disease may be most benign, with...

THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY BY APPETITE CONTROL: THE USE OF AUTONOMIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR SYNERGISTS

Article1 February 1945THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY BY APPETITE CONTROL: THE USE OF AUTONOMIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR SYNERGISTSLOUIS PELNER, M.D.LOUIS PELNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-22-2-201 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe most common and important type of obesity is without doubt due to the overindulgence of food. The purpose of this paper is to discuss methods of influencing the diet in this form of obesity. There are, however, two other types although rare, that should be mentioned. Because of the prevailing confusion that these types are common they will be gone into in some detail, but it must be stressed again that they are relatively rare.Unusual Forms of Obesity. These rarer forms of obesity are due to glandular disturbances and lesions of the central nervous system, especially of the...Bibliography1. GREENHILL JP: Office gynecology, 1939, Year Book Publishers, Chicago, p. 375. Google Scholar2. BRUCH H: Lecture at the American Orthopsychiatric Association, New York, February, 1941. Google Scholar3. STRANGMCCLUGAGEEVANS JMHBF: Further studies in the dietary correction of obesity, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1930, clxxix, 687. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. PELNER L: The diet therapy of disease, 1944, New York: Personal Diet Service, p. 79. Google Scholar5. NATHANSON MH: The central action of beta-aminopropylbenzene (benzedrine), Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1937, cviii, 528. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. ULRICH H: Narcolepsy and its treatment with benzedrine sulfate, New England Jr. Med., 1937, ccxvii, 696. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. LESSESMYERSON MFA: Human autonomic pharmacology. XVI. Benzedrine sulfate as an aid in the treatment of obesity, New England Jr. Med., 1938, ccxviii, 119. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. ROSENBERG P: Clinical use of benzedrine sulfate (amphetamine) in obesity, Med. World, 1939, lvii, 656. Google Scholar9. ROSENTHALSOLOMON GHA: Benzedrine sulphate in obesity, Endocrinology, 1940, xxvi, 807. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. MYERSON A: The rationale of amphetamine (benzedrine) sulfate therapy, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1940, cxcix, 729. Google Scholar11. SMITHCHAMBERLIN ONGW: Benzedrine sulphate. Its effects on the motor function of the digestive tract, on gastric acidity, and on evacuation of biliary system, Radiology, 1937, xxix, 676. CrossrefGoogle Scholar12. BEYERMEEK KHWJ: Effect of benzedrine sulfate on gastric emptying and intestinal activity, Arch. Int. Med., 1939, lxiii, 752. (Also Am. Jr. Physiol., 1938, cxxiii, 16.) CrossrefGoogle Scholar13. ELSOMGLENNDROSSNER KAPMJL: Intubation studies of the human small intestine: XVIII. The effect of pitressin and of amphetamine (benzedrine) sulphate on the motor activity of the small intestine and colon, Am. Jr. Digest. Dis., 1939, vi, 593. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. BEYER KH: The effect of benzedrine sulfate (Betaphenylisopropylamine) on metabolism and the cardiovascular system in man, Jr. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., 1939, lxvi, 318. Google Scholar15. BRUCH H: Obesity in childhood. III. Physiologic and psychologic aspects of the food intake of obese children, Am. Jr. Dis. Child, 1940, lix, 739. CrossrefGoogle Scholar16. KUNSTADTER RH: Experience with benzedrine sulfate in the management of obesity in children, Jr. Pediat., 1940, xvii, 490. CrossrefGoogle Scholar17. GREENE JA: Clinical study of etiology of obesity, Ann. Int. Med., 1939, xii, 1797. Google Scholar18. FRANKE F: Belladonna (atropine) in the treatment of obesity, Med. Klin., 1913, ix, 995. Google Scholar19. KEMP RS: Personal Communication. Google Scholar20. NEWBURGHJOHNSTON LHMW: Obesity, Med. Clin. N. Am., 1943, xxvii, 327. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, New York*Received for publication July 5, 1944. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe treatment of obesity: An analysis of methods, results, and factors which influence successThe measurement of success in weight reductionObesity: A review of the literature, stressing the psychosomatic approach 1 February 1945Volume 22, Issue 2Page: 201-212KeywordsCentral nervous systemDietFoodLesionsObesity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESPONSE TO ACUTE ANOXIA

The more general reactions of the cardiovascular system of man to the inhalation of oxygen-poor gas mixtures have been described by numerous investigators. 1 They consist of an almost immediate increase in the heart rate, a slight rise in the systolic blood pressure, with no significant change in the diastolic level, and a definite augmentation in the cardiac output. With respect to alterations in the peripheral circulation, the results are not as clearcut. Freeman and his associates 2 studied the rate at which blood flows through the hand during a period of acute anoxia, using the venous occlusion plethysmographic method. They found that either an increase or a decrease of rate was produced. Gellhorn and Steck, 3 utilizing the same procedure and the same vascular bed, also noted apparently inconsistent results, the flow being decreased, unchanged or slightly increased. Since the circulation through the hand is affected by a variety

On the Evolution of the Cardio‐Vascular System in Man.

Acta Medica ScandinavicaVolume 92, Issue 4-5 p. 429-444 On the Evolution of the Cardio-Vascular System in Man. Communication III. The influence of several vasodilatory substances (amylnitrite and histamine) on the basic functions of the heart of children, adults, adolescents and old people Prof. I. GELMAN, Clinic of Age Patho-Physiology; Head of Clinic: Prof. I. Gelman; Department of Human Physiology; Head of Dept. Prof. I. P. Rasenkov; the Gorki All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine; Director: Prof. L. N. Fedorov.)Search for more papers by this authorDr. S. BROWN., Clinic of Age Patho-Physiology; Head of Clinic: Prof. I. Gelman; Department of Human Physiology; Head of Dept. Prof. I. P. Rasenkov; the Gorki All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine; Director: Prof. L. N. Fedorov.)Search for more papers by this author Prof. I. GELMAN, Clinic of Age Patho-Physiology; Head of Clinic: Prof. I. Gelman; Department of Human Physiology; Head of Dept. Prof. I. P. Rasenkov; the Gorki All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine; Director: Prof. L. N. Fedorov.)Search for more papers by this authorDr. S. BROWN., Clinic of Age Patho-Physiology; Head of Clinic: Prof. I. Gelman; Department of Human Physiology; Head of Dept. Prof. I. P. Rasenkov; the Gorki All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine; Director: Prof. L. N. Fedorov.)Search for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1937 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1937.tb09961.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume92, Issue4-5January/December 1937Pages 429-444 RelatedInformation