Cardiovascular Endurance Training Research Articles

Effect of Cardiovascular Endurance Training on the Exercise Capacity and Endurance in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is non-progressive brain damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth. CP is associated with poor physical fitness, which is linked to health problems and the development of secondary illnesses like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Compared to healthy peers without CP, children with CP have considerably lower VO2 peaks, which reduces their performance and aerobic capacity. This study aimed to evaluate changes in exercise capacity and endurance among children with CP, as well as fatigue levels among their parents and caregivers, after participation in cardiovascular endurance training. This study included 16 children aged 7-12 years with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I, II, or III). Participants completed a 12-week cardiovascular endurance program consisting of 60-minute sessions three times weekly designed to achieve 64-95% of their heart rate maximum,based on the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were recorded for the following: distance covered in a six-minute walk, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) level, Early Activity Scale for Endurance rating, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Fatigue Scale score and PROMIS Parent Proxy Scale and Fatigue Scale scores. Result: Upon completing the cardiovascular endurance training, the distance covered during a six-minute walk improved by 20.95 points, resting heart rate by 5.19 points, VO2 max by 0.06 points, Early Activity Scale for Endurance by 4.06 points, PROMIS Pediatric Fatigue Scale by 7.29 points, PROMIS Parent Proxy Scale by 6.81 points, and PROMIS Fatigue Scale by 5.07 points. The maximum heart rate also showed a slight improvement of 0.33 points (p<0.01). A structured exercise protocol aimed at improving cardiovascular endurance can benefit children with CP by improving their exercise capacity and endurance, which in turn can help decrease fatigue levels among their parents and caregivers.

PENGARUH VARIASI LATIHAN DAYA TAHAN KARDIOVASKULAR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VO2MAX PADA PEMAIN USIA 14 TAHUN SSB SEJATI PRATAMA MEDAN TAHUN 2021

The porpuse of this research is to find out how big the influence of variation cardiovascular training exercise against the increase of vo2max and how big does influence interval cardovaskular training exercise against the increase of vo2max on player age 14 years old SSB Sejati Pratama Medan 2021 This research method is an experiment with a research time of 6 weeks, the frequency of exercise is 3 times a week. The number of samples is 12 athletes and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. All samples of athletes did exercises in the form of exercises that have been arranged in the training program and did a pre-test before entering the training program and post-test after the end of the training program. The results showed that the average (mean) and vo2max of each pre-test data were the lowest 29.90 and the highest 33.60 and the lowest post-test was 33.20 and the highest was 37.10. Then the average (mean) of the pre-test of endurance ability was 32.37, and the post-test was 35.38. Results Based on the research conducted, the hypothesis testing t_(count ) is -34.717. with a value of Sig.(2-tailed) 0.000, &lt;0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be said that there is a significant effect of the effect of variations on cardiovascular endurance training on increasing vo2max in soccer games for athletes aged 14 years at SSB Sejati Pratama in 2021.

Penerapan Model Latihan Daya Tahan Kardiovaskuler With The Ball Permainan Sepak Bola SSB BU Pratama

This study discusses the cardiovascular endurance training model to increase the VO2max of soccer players. The aim of this cardio research is to determine cardiovascular improvement through the application of an endurance training model with soccer ball players aged 14-17 years. This research applies an experimental method using the One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The sample in this study was 30 Bintang Utara Star Pratama Soccer School’s players. A total of 30 players who were actively practicing and were not injured from all Bintang Utara Pratama Soccer School’s players. Based on the results of the study, which showed that the cardiovascular endurance training model with the soccer ball players was 0.00 0.05 then the control group got a significance value of 0.873 0.05, so it can be concluded that there was a significant effect on the experimental group. Keywords : Training, Cardiovaskuler, Soccer

Prehabilitation Telemedicine in Neoadjuvant Surgical Oncology Patients During the Novel COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic

Prehabilitation Telemedicine in Neoadjuvant Surgical Oncology Patients During the Novel COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic

Psychological Impact Of 8-week CrossFit And Non-CrossFit Training Programs

INTRODUCTION: CrossFit utilizes both high-intensity aerobic training and resistance training using functional multi-joint movements such as squats, deadlifts, clean, snatch, and overhead press. There has been much debate over the safety, effectiveness and level of difficulty of CrossFit training for the general population. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare perceived difficulties of an 8-week CrossFit or non-CrossFit exercise regimen. METHODS: The non-CrossFit exercise group (N=13) participated in three days of exercise consisting of mobility and functional movements, cardiovascular endurance training and a resistance training circuit each week for eight weeks. The CrossFit exercise group (N=13) integrated cardiovascular training into their resistance training program by completing a maximum number of repetitions in a given time period. Each week an online survey was sent to each participant to complete. Mean values were calculated for each question and a paired sample t-test was used to compare the responses between groups. RESULTS: Difficulty of the workouts was perceived as more difficult in the non-CrossFit group than the CrossFit group (3.22±0.56, 2.49±0.51, p<0.001, respectively). CrossFit participants rated level of soreness higher than the non-CrossFit group (2.36±0.37, p=0.002). The CrossFit group rated better sleep quality than the non-CrossFit group (2.23±0.17, p<0.001). DISCUSSION: A previous study found that perceived exertion and pain is more dependent on the load than the type of muscular contraction. The current study contradicted this finding as the CrossFit group used greater loads, but their perceived difficulty was less than the non-CrossFit group. The CrossFit group rated their perceived pain levels as higher than the non-CrossFit group, which supports previous research, and is possibly due to using greater loads. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study and findings of previous research, use of greater loads may lead to greater perceived pain levels while flexibility and mobility training may lead to greater perceived difficulty.

Current Scientific Evidence for a Polarized Cardiovascular Endurance Training Model.

Recent publications have provided new scientific evidence for a modern aerobic or cardiovascular endurance exercise prescription that optimizes the periodization cycle and maximizes potential endurance performance gains in highly trained individuals. The traditional threshold, high volume, and high-intensity training models have displayed limited improvement in actual race pace in (highly) trained individuals while frequently resulting in overreaching or overtraining (physical injury and psychological burnout). A review of evidence for replacing these models with the proven polarized training model seems warranted. This review provides a short history of the training models, summarizes 5 key studies, and provides example training programs for both the pre- and in-season periods. A polarized training program is characterized by an undulating nonlinear periodization model with nearly all the training time spent at a "light" (≤13) and "very hard" (≥17) pace with very limited time at "hard" (14-16) or race pace (6-20 Rating of Perceived Exertion [RPE] scale). To accomplish this, the polarization training model has specific high-intensity workouts separated by one or more long slow distance workouts, with the exercise intensity remaining below ventilatory threshold (VT) 1 and/or blood lactate of less than 2 mM (A.K.A. below race pace). Effect sizes for increasing aerobic endurance performance for the polarized training model are consistently superior to that of the threshold training model. Performing a polarized training program may be best accomplished by: going easy on long slow distance workouts, avoiding "race pace" and getting after it during interval workouts.

Effects of Manual Resistance Training on Fitness in Adolescents

Manual resistance training (MRT), an alternative to traditional resistance training, requires minimal equipment and may be effective when applied in school-based physical education (PE) classes. The purpose of this study was to document the physical changes in adolescents (n = 222) using MRT in school-based PE settings. Six fitness tests from the Fitnessgram assessment tool were selected to assess students' cardiovascular and muscular fitness, and skinfold tests were used to assess body composition. One control and 2 experimental groups were defined. The control group of students (n = 129) attended regular PE classes. One experimental group (n = 63) attended PE that was complemented by the MRT system. A second experimental group (n = 30) attended PE complemented by MRT and cardiovascular endurance training. With use of the selected Fitnessgram tests, post-test measurements were performed after 9 and 18 weeks of PE. At baseline, there were no significant differences among the 3 groups for most measures. Compared with baseline, the experimental groups improved significantly in all 6 fitness measures and showed more improvements than the control group in most fitness measures both at 9 and 18 weeks. None of the groups showed significant improvement in body composition. The results documented that an MRT-complemented PE program was effective in improving adolescents' muscular fitness. An 18-week combined MRT and cardiovascular endurance training program effectively improved cardiovascular and muscular fitness but was ineffective in improving adolescent body composition. An MRT-based exercise session requires minimal equipment and set-up and can be performed in a short period of time, and therefore it is suitable for application in regular PE settings.

Impact of Training Modality on Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults

Background: The importance of maintaining strength in older adults is well documented and various training modalities have been recommended; however, the effectiveness of various interventions with high translation to public health practice has not been completely characterized. Additionally, the interrelations among mode, strength, and lower extremity physical function (LEPF) changes in older adults warrant further investigation. Purpose: The primary aims were to examine the effectiveness of cardiovascular endurance training (CVE) compared with balance and flexibility training (FLEX) and to explore the relationship of muscle strength to LEPF. Methods: Fifty-five adults (69.1 ± 5.6 years, 35 female) were randomly assigned to 10 months of CVE or FLEX. Knee extension and flexion at 60 and 120°·s^–1 were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. LEPF was measured using a battery of tasks. The CVE group exercised using treadmills, cycles, and elliptical trainers. The FLEX group participated in a group exercise class that incorporated flexibility and balance activities. Results: The CVE training group significantly improved peak oxygen consumption by 6% (p = 0.03), while the FLEX training group showed no change (p = 0.47). Participants significantly improved peak torque at both speeds and muscle actions by 21–65% (p ≤ 0.05), with no group effect (p > 0.05). Both groups also significantly improved performance on all LEPF tasks included in this study (4–7%, p ≤ 0.05). Significant correlations (all p = 0.00) were found between improvements in strength and improvements in LEPF including timed walk and peak torque extension and flexion at 60°·s^–1 (r = 0.40 and 0.27, respectively), obstacle walk and peak torque extension and flexion at 60 and 120°·s^–1 (r range 0.27–0.40), and stair ascent and peak torque extension at 120°·s^–1 (r = 0.37). Conclusions: Sedentary older adults achieve similar improvements in strength and LEPF with either CVE or FLEX training with the latter being related to improvements in leg strength.

Noncompatibility of Power and Endurance Training Among College Baseball Players

Exercise professionals seeking to develop evidence-based training programs rely on several training principles demonstrated through research and professional experience. In an effort to further research examining these principles, an investigation was designed and completed to evaluate the compatibility of cardiovascular endurance and neuromuscular power training. Sixteen Division-I collegiate baseball players were divided into two training groups with lower body power measured before and after their college playing season. The two groups differed in training in that one group performed moderate- to high-intense cardiovascular endurance training 3-4 days per week throughout the season, while the other group participated in speed/speed endurance training. A significant difference between groups (P < .05) was identified in the change in lower body power during the baseball season. During the season, the endurance training group decreased an average of 39.50 +/- 128.03 watts while the speed group improved an average of 210.63 +/- 168.96 watts. These data demonstrate that moderate- to high-intense cardiovascular endurance and neuromuscular power training do not appear to be compatible when performed simultaneously. For baseball players, athletes who rely heavily on power and speed, conventional baseball conditioning involving significant amounts of cardiovascular endurance training should be altered to include more speed/power interval training.

Running velocity at the ventilatory threshold and at VO2max, before and after the eight-week cardiovascular endurance training

The purpose of this research was to compare changes in running velocity at ventilatory threshold with the veliocity at VO2max, before and after the eight-week exercise program. 32 male subjects (age: 22.3 +/- 2.5 years, height: 179.8 +/- 7.6 cm, body mass: 76.8 +/- 9.0 kg) performed a progressive test for ventilatory threshold (VT) measurement and VO2max on treadmill. After 8 weeks of endurance training (3 times per week, 30 to 70 min, in different zones in respect to the ventilatory threshold) the performed the same test. Running velocity at ventilatory threshold increased significantly (p = 0.0001), between initial and final measurements (10.88 +/- 2.09, 12.94 +/- 1.90 km/h, respectively); as well as at VO2max (14.63 +/- 1.86, 16.44 +/- 1.59 km/h, respectively). At the initial test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 74.11 % of VO2max. At the final test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 78.43% of VO2max. Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased at final test (p = 0.001). Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased after eight weeks of endurance training (p = 0.001), when expressed in absolute values and percentage of velocity at VO2max. Comparison between the initial and final test demonstrated a significant increase of observed variables, under experimental conditions: at final test running velocity has increased at ventilatory threshold, in respect to absolute values and expressed as percentage at VO2max.

An Aerobics Conditioning Program for the Fort Worth, Texas School District

Abstract Most secondary school physical education programs do not include cardiovascular endurance training. This study investigated the hypothesis that an endurance running program implemented in the physical education classes of an entire school system would result in an increased aerobic capacity of the student population as measured by the Cooper 12-min test. A description of the program conducted within the Fort Worth Independent School District for the fall semester 1971–72 is presented. A total of 1,215 students participated in the program: 778 students from 5 schools were placed in the experimental group, and 437 students from 4 schools were included in the control group. Each student was pre- and posttested according to the Cooper 12-min run-walk test. The students in the experimental group added jogging to their daily physical education classes; initially, they ran 5 to 6 min and progressed to 14 min by the end of the term. The control group participants continued their normal activity; no stude...

Cardiovascular Endurance Training for Blind Persons

Cardiovascular endurance training (CVET), or continuous, whole-body activity involving a major portion of the total muscle mass, is suggested as a positive and feasible activity for blind persons. Evidence is presented that supports CVET as an agent capable of 1) producing adequate levels of physical fitness, 2) reducing to some degree the probability of coronary heart disease, and 3) reducing the effects of the state of anxiety accompanying unguided blind mobility. A program of chair stepping, which may be implemented as a progressive and productive CVET regimen, is described.