Cardiovascular Disease In Workers Research Articles

The relationship of polymorphisms of the SOD2, NOS3 and SIRT1 genes with hypertension in employees of the converter workshop of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise

Workers employed in ferrous metallurgy enterprises are affected by various oxidants, which lead to increased formation of free radicals, suppression of the antioxidant system, initiation of oxidative stress and the development of diseases characterized by high blood pressure. In this regard, the identification of polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with the formation and neutralization of free radicals is an important task of personalized medicine.
 The study aims to explore the relationship of polymorphisms rs4880 (SOD2), rs1799983 (NOS3) and rs7069102 (SIRT1) with hypertension in workers of the converter workshop.
 To conduct the research the authors used data from periodic medical examinations of men aged 30 to 59 years, including 116 employees of the converter shop and 169 representatives of administrative and managerial personnel (comparison group). Subsequently, we divided each group according to the principle of the presence or absence of a diagnosis of "hypertensive heart disease" (I11 according to ICD-10), established or confirmed during a periodic medical examination. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the Lumiere kit for the isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood and literal epithelium (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The scientists performed genotyping using the optical PCR system with real-time optical detection QuantStudio 3 (Thermo Fisher, USA) and ready-made commercial sets "SNP-Screen" (Syntol, Russia).
 The ratio of the chances of developing hypertension in the personnel of the converter shop was increased in carriers of mutant genotypes of the SOD2 (TT) gene. Also, the values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in carriers of the mutant TT genotype of the SOD2 gene compared with CC/CT, but only in the group of converter shop workers with hypertension. In addition, in the comparison group with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly differed, the values of which were higher in carriers of the mutant GG genotype of the SIRT1 gene.
 Presumably, an excess of superoxide anion in the TT genotype of the SOD2 gene, together with exposure to harmful environmental factors, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in workers of the converter workshop.
 Ethics. The study was approved in accordance with Protocol No. 1 dated 02/26/2021 and the conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Yekaterinburg Medical Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers" of Rospotrebnadzor.

ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ОЦЕНКИ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У РАБОТНИКОВ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

Significance. The conducted studies are devoted to the analysis of the factors of disease development and prevention of major non-communicable diseases, the most common of which are cardiovascular diseases. The relevance of this work is determined by the possibility and need for timely identification of pre-pathological and pathological conditions, in order to develop optimal schemes of preventive measures to preserve professional longevity of workers. The purpose of the study was to develop a program of preventive measures based on the risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases in workers of metallurgical production, exposed to a complex of occupational risk factors. Material and methods. Results of periodic medical examination of workers of certain professional groups of a metallurgical enterprise have been analyzed. To determine the total fatal cardiovascular risk among workers, the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) was used. Results. A general sanitary audit of the working conditions of the metallurgical plant workers corresponds to hazardous class 3, degree 2-3 (3.2-3.3). According to the survey results, tobacco smoking is common among more than half of the surveyed workers - 56.8%. Among the professional group of temperers, tobacco smoking is more common (67.0%) compared to the professional group of wire-drawers (50.0%) and the control group (25.6%). The average body mass index among workers was 26.1±1.7 kg/m², and 27.8±1.5 kg/m² in the control group. Analysis of the average cholesterol group level was within the reference values of 4.8±0.1 mmol/l. 31.6% of the workers had high and very high levels of fatal cardiovascular risk, and 14.1% - a low one. Conclusion. Preventive measures to preserve professional longevity of metallurgical production workers should be carried out based on the cardiovascular risk assessment using the developed programs. Scope of application. The developed algorithm for selecting medical measures with due regard to cardiovascular risk assessment can be used as a corporate program for preserving health of the working population.

Cardiovascular disease risk among male workers of a regional electricity distribution company in Brazil.

At energy distribution companies, office and operational employees work in different occupational environments. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can develop due to occupational factors and can often lead to morbidity and disability. To evaluate the risk of CVD in workers with different occupations in an energy distribution company, using cardiometabolic indices. Workers (men), aged between 20 and 70 years, were divided into two groups: operational (n = 78) and office (n = 106) workers. Their metabolic profiles were analyzed using anthropometric and laboratory data to obtain the atherogenic plasma index (AIP) and insulin resistance index (TyG), and to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype as cardiometabolic indicators. There was no difference in CVD risk between the two groups. However, 82% of the test subjects presented a high risk for the development of atherosclerosis based on the AIP, and 11.4% presented the HTGW phenotype, along with the presence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and being overweight as risk factors for CVD. Although the identified risk factors are not related to the type of occupation at work, companies in the electricity sector can invest in the implementation of measures for health promotion to protect and prevent diseases and improve labor productivity and quality.

Assessment of Adaptive Risk for Workers Exposed to Occupational Hazards in the Metallurgical Industry

Introduction: Metallurgical workers are heavily exposed to a combination of occupational stress factors. Objective: To assess the adaptive risk for metallurgists depending on duration of work under hazardous working conditions, to identify markers of impaired neurohumoral regulation of the heart rate indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in workers with little work experience. Materials and methods: The study included 222 male metallurgists with the mean age of 38.8 ± 0.39 years and the mean duration of work of 12.9 ± 0.43 years. Parameters of the functional state were assessed by general clinical and biochemical methods. The adaptive risk was estimated using heart rate variability indices according to the method by R.M. Baevsky. We then analyzed the relationship between the adaptive risk and the functional state parameters, including blood levels of copper, zinc, selenium, and formaldehyde. Results: When assessing heart rate variability parameters depending on the length of service, a significant reduction in the total power of the spectrum (r = –0.28, p = 0.000037) and the share of parasympathetic regulation (pNN50: r = –0.295, p = 0.000012) against an increase in the share humoral-metabolic influences (VLF %: r = 0.16, p = 0.02) were established. The registered adap- tive risk correlated with an increase in blood pressure (r = 0.3, p = 0.0000; r = 0.25, p = 0.0003), glucose (r = 0.23, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (r = 0.21, p = 0.002), and serum copper (r = 0.22, p = 0.001). One of the signs of unsatisfactory adaptation in workers with little experience was an increase in the adaptive risk by more than 2 CU and in the electrical instability of the heart. Conclusion: The adaptive risk in metallurgists correlates with the length of service and is associated with adverse health chang- es in workers. Among the metallurgists with less than 10 years of experience, signs of poor adaptation to industrial stress are registered, which is the basis for forming groups at risk of health disorders among such workers.

Does intermittent exposure to high altitude increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in workers? A systematic narrative review

ObjectiveSeveral working groups (eg, miners, flight crews and soldiers) are subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxic exposure. The cardiovascular implications have been studied but not systematically reviewed with focus on possible...

Risk assessment of cardiovascular system pathology depending on the structure of body weight in greenhouse workers

An analysis of the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in workers of greenhouses was presented in the interaction of professional and non-professional factors.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in workers.

to identify the scientific evidence on the development of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to workplace contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. integrative literature review. The search for primary articles was held in October 2017 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (through Pubmed), Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). the 16 studies analyzed showed that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as increased blood pressure, heart rate variation, and ischemic heart disease; and respiratory disorders, such as decreased lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, wheeze, coughing, pulmonary wheezing, chest tightness, effort dyspnea, and sore throat. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause deleterious effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems through mutations and cellular inflammation, being a risk to exposed individuals.

Means and methods of noise protection to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in workers

Some manufacturing processes are accompanied by significant noise and vibration. Sources of intense noise and vibration are machines and mechanisms with unbalanced rotating masses, as well as technological installations and apparatuses in which the movement of gases and liquids occurs at high speeds and has a pulsating character. The modern development of technology, equipping enterprises with powerful and fast-moving machines and mechanisms leads to the fact that people are constantly exposed to noise of increasing intensity. Increasing noise and vibration in the workplace has a harmful effect on the human body. As a result of prolonged exposure to noise, the normal activity of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, digestive and hematopoietic organs is disturbed, and professional hearing loss develops, the progression of which can lead to complete hearing loss.Among industrial hazards, noise and vibration occupy one of the leading places among production hazards. The harmful effects of increased noise levels on the human body are well khown, therefore, the relevance of this problem is obvious.

Vibration safety to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in workers

Some manufacturing processes are accompanied by significant noise and vibration. Sources of intense noise and vibration are machines and mechanisms with unbalanced rotating masses, as well as technological installations and apparatuses in which the movement of gases and liquids occurs at high speeds and has a pulsating character. The modern development of technology, equipping enterprises with powerful and fast- moving machines and mechanisms leads to the fact that people are constantly exposed to noise of increasing intensity. Increasing noise and vibration in the workplace has a harmful effect on the human body. As a result of prolonged exposure to noise, the normal activity of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, digestive and hematopoietic organs is disturbed, and professional hearing loss develops, the progression of which can lead to complete hearing loss. Among industrial hazards, noise and vibration occupy one of the leading places among production hazards. The harmful effects of increased noise levels on the human body are well khown, therefore, the relevance of this problem is obvious.

The prevention of cardio-vascular diseases in workers of enterprises of mining industry

The leading increasing of cardiovascular pathology in miner workers dictates necessity of development of effective methods of prevention. The article presents the results of application of intravenous blood laser irradiation in miner workers with cardiovascular pathology. The evaluation of condition of cardio-vascular system was carried out to detect mine workers with high cardio-vascular risk. To this group of mine workers course of preventive procedures was prescribed. The course included common medicinal treatment and intravenous laser therapy. The application of intravenous blood laser irradiation promoted normalization of indicators of Holter monitoring of electrocardiogram, day monitoring of arterial pressure, lipid profile and hemostasis system. The anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherogenic and anti-aggregative effects of complex therapy using intravenous blood laser irradiation in mine workers with high cardiovascular risk with its subsequent decrease as a result of treatment.

Occupational conditionality of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust

Using single-factor analysis, the study covered prevalence and occupational conditionality of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust. The findings are higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy, sinus tachycardia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia in silicosis and asbestosis patients if compared to refractory and asbestos-enrichment production workers with long length of service. Based on calculated relative risk and etiologic fraction, the authors revealed average occupational conditionality of arterial hypertension (etiologic fraction 45%), high occupational conditionality of left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy (etiologic share 59.7%), sinus tachycardia syndrome and obesity, and extremely high occupational dependence of carbohydrate metabolism (etiologic fraction 77.2%) on fibrogenic dust — that helps to assign this metabolic and cardiovascular disorders to occupationally-conditioned diseases.

Health Risk Assessment for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Workers at PT. X

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Early Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases in Workers: Role of Standard and Advanced Echocardiography.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality and consequently early diagnosis is of paramount importance. Working conditions can be regarded as an additional risk factor for CVD. Since different aspects of the job may affect vascular health differently, it is important to consider occupation from multiple perspectives to better assess occupational impacts on health. Standard echocardiography has several targets in the cardiac population, as the assessment of myocardial performance, valvular and/or congenital heart disease, and hemodynamics. Three-dimensional echocardiography gained attention recently as a viable clinical tool in assessing left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function, volume, and shape. Two-dimensional (2DSTE) and, more recently, three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) have also emerged as methods for detection of global and regional myocardial dysfunction in various cardiovascular diseases and applied to the diagnosis of subtle LV and RV dysfunction. Although these novel echocardiographic imaging modalities have advanced our understanding of LV and RV mechanics, overlapping patterns often show challenges that limit their clinical utility. This review will describe the current state of standard and advanced echocardiography in early detection (secondary prevention) of CVD and address future directions for this potentially important diagnostic strategy.

Ischemic cardiovascular disease in workers occupationally exposed to urban air pollution - A systematic review.

Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among several known risk factors, researchers also focus their attention on the chronic exposure to air pollution. There is much evidence that exposure to air pollution, especially to ultrafine particles, can damage the endothelium and can favour cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Occupational exposition could be an additive risk factor for the cardiovascular system. This article presents a scientific review of the linkage between occupational exposure to air pollution and ischemic heart disease. A scientific review was undertaken, followed by PRISMA Statements. Observational studies were selected from several scientific databases, likesuch as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Nioshtic-2 and Reserchgate, searching for selected key words: police workers, professional drivers, mail carriers, filling station attendants, road cleaners, garage workers, motor vehicles and engine maintenance. All the key words were combined with "Boolean Operators" with the following words: cardiovascular (or cardiac) disease, cardiovascular function, cardiovascular system, ischemic heart disease, coronary disease, myocardial infarction. During the systematic research, the focus was on retrospective and prospective studies from January 1990 - December 2014. Both the retrospective and prospective studies showed an increased risk of ischemic heart disease in occupationally occupied people exposed to air pollution. Only one study presented a ly minor risk. The findings of this systematic review suggest a possible linkage between occupational exposure to urban air pollution, especially to motor exhaust and particulate, and ischemic heart disease.

Work stress and cardiovascular disease: a life course perspective.

Individuals in employment experience stress at work, and numerous epidemiological studies have documented its negative health effects, particularly on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although evidence on the various interrelationships between work stress and CVD has been accumulated, those observations have not yet been conceptualized in terms of a life course perspective. Using the chain of risk model, we would like to propose a theoretical model incorporating six steps: (1) work stress increases the risk of incident CVD in healthy workers. (2) Among those whose work ability is not fully and permanently damaged, work stress acts as a determinant of the process of return to work after CVD onset. (3) CVD patients experience higher work stress after return to work. (4) Work stress increases the risk of recurrent CVD in workers with prior CVD. (5) CVD patients who fully lose their work ability transit to disability retirement. (6) Disability retirees due to CVD have an elevated risk of CVD mortality. The life course perspective might facilitate an in-depth understanding of the diverse interrelationships between work stress and CVD, thereby leading to work stress management interventions at each period of the lifespan and three-level prevention of CVD.

Prevalência de Fatores de Risco para Doença Cardiovascular em Trabalhadores de Empresa Siderúrgica

Objective: To assess the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in male workers of a steel company. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we carried out clinical and laboratory testing with 776 male employees of a large steel company in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, from January to December 2012. The percentage of occurrence of the risk factors and the mean and standard deviation of the biochemical variables, blood pressure and body mass index were calculated. Results: The prevalence of risk factors was found to be as follows: absence of exercise (43%), LDL> 130 mg/dl (46%), overweight (44%), obesity (20%), blood pressure changed (33%), smoking (10%), altered glucose (4%). About half of the workers were older than 45 years and 66% had a family history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in workers in the steel industry, especially high cholesterol and physical inactivity, alert to the need for adoption of health promotion and disease prevention programs in the workplace. DESCRIPTORS Cardiovascular Diseases. Risk Factors. Working Environment.

Biomarkers of occupational exposure to air pollution, inflammation and oxidative damage in taxi drivers

Exposure to environmental pollutants has been recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic-related air pollution. Experimental studies indicate that PAH exposure could be associated with inflammation and atherogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the biomarker of PAH exposure is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress and if these effects modulate the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to air pollution. This study included 60 subjects, comprising 39 taxi drivers and 21 non-occupationally exposed persons. Environmental PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels, in addition to biomarkers of exposure and oxidative damage, were determined. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and hs-CRP) and serum levels of oxidised LDL (ox-LDL), auto-antibodies (ox-LDL-Ab) and homocysteine (Hcy) were also evaluated. PM2.5 and BaP exhibited averages of 12.4±6.9μgm−3 and 1.0±0.6ngm−3, respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels were increased in taxi drivers compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05) and were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with antioxidants. Furthermore, taxi drivers had elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of oxidative damage, and ox-LDL, ox-LDL-Ab and Hcy levels, although antioxidant enzymes were decreased compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05). In summary, our findings indicate that taxi drivers showed major exposure to pollutants, such as PAHs, in relation to non-occupationally exposed subjects. This finding was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers and Hcy, which represent important predictors for cardiovascular events. These data suggest a contribution of PAHs to cardiovascular diseases upon occupational exposure.

Noise exposure as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases in workers

Introduction:Workers in different jobs are exposed to noise, which can affect hearing loss and sleep disturbance in the long term. Excessive noise exposure may lead to increased blood pressure, reduced efficiency, and increased absenteeism.Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, 80 workers were studied in terms of noise exposure and blood pressure. Noise exposure was measured by SEL 440 sound level meters according to ISO 1996 standard. Blood pressure of the case and control groups was measured in workplace, under standard circumstances, using ALPK2 mercury sphygmomanometer during physical examination. Data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results:Mean level of noise was 95.21 ± 2.56 db, which was significantly higher than permitted limit of 85 db (ACGIH 2009) (P < 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure was normal in 28.8% and high in 50.1%, and between these in 21.1% of workers. Mean difference of systolic blood pressure in two studied groups (P < 0.01) was meaningful. However, mean difference of diastolic blood pressure was not significant in two studied groups (P > 0.05). There was a positive and weak relationship between noise and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.28, P < 0.006).Conclusion:Prolonged exposure to industrial noise is related with high blood pressure as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is recommended that training programs be held for workers, preventive measures for noise exposure at workplace be taken, blood pressure of workers be attended to and special care be given to workers with a history of hypertension.

Occupational and leisure time physical activity in contrasting relation to ambulatory blood pressure

BackgroundWhile moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activities are well documented to decrease the risk for cardiovascular disease, several studies have demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in workers with high occupational activity. Research on the underlying causes to the contrasting effects of occupational and leisure time physical activity on cardiovascular health is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relation of objective and self-report measures of occupational and leisure time physical activity with 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure (BP).MethodsResults for self-reported physical activity are based on observations in 182 workers (60% male, mean age 51 years), while valid objective physical activity data were available in 151 participants. The usual level of physical activity was assessed by 5 items from the Job Content Questionnaire (high physical effort, lifting heavy loads, rapid physical activity, awkward body positions and awkward positions of head or arms at work) and one item asking about the general level of physical activity during non-working time. On a regular working day, participants wore an ambulatory BP monitor and an accelerometer physical activity monitor during 24 h. Associations were examined by means of Analysis of Covariance.ResultsWorkers with an overall high level of self-reported occupational physical activity as well as those who reported to often lift heavy loads at work had a higher mean systolic BP at work, at home and during sleep. However, no associations were observed between objectively measured occupational physical activity and BP. In contrast, those with objectively measured high proportion of moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity had a significantly lower mean systolic BP during daytime, while no differences were observed according to self-reported level of leisure time physical activity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that workers reporting static occupational physical activities, unlike general physically demanding tasks characterized by dynamic movements of large muscle groups, are related to a higher daily systolic BP, while high objective levels of moderate and vigorous leisure time physical activity are related to lower daytime systolic BP. Ambulatory systolic BP may be a physiological explanatory factor for the contrasting effects of occupational and leisure time physical activity.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in workers at a district hospital

Certain risk factors play an important role in a person's chances of developing heart disease. The more risk factors a person has, the greater the likelihood of developing heart disease. Proactively addressing the modifable risk factors reduces the chances for a person to develop a cardiovascular disease or die from its complications. The author wished to establish the prevalence of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in workers at a district hospital. From September 2007 to the end of October 2007, workers were invited, on a voluntary basis, to know their ‘numbers’ (measured levels) as far as the risk for cardiac disease was concerned. A total of 108 participants were recruited. Among them, 6% had a random glucose of between 7.8 to 11.0 mmol/l and 3% had a random glucose of more than 11.1 mmol/l. Of the participants, 12% had stage 1 hypertension, 14 % had stage 2 hypertension and 3% had severe hypertension. Among the participants, 47 % had a body mass index above the norm, hence being at risk of...