Cardinal Points Research Articles

Thermal sensitivity and potential cooling-related energy saving of masonry walls through the lens of solar heat-rejecting paints at varying orientations

This study aims to analyse the thermal efficiency of wall elements with varying position-allocation-thickness of insulation, in the aspect of the optical properties of their external paint. A special focus has been placed on the role of solar reflectivity in wall coatings while taking into account the impact of the ambient environment at all cardinal points. In this light, the problem of urban environment warming must be addressed, while considering occupant reliance on air-conditioning. In the initial stage, the key research objective is to shed some light on the performance of analysed wall assemblies in terms of thermal sensitivity (decrement factor and time lag). On the other hand, at the targeting stage, our main intention is to demonstrate the eminence of solar heat-rejecting paints on the cooling power demand of wall arrangements. Furthermore, this work is extended to the assessment of the overall heating and cooling demands on an annual basis. A thermal-network model is developed within this framework to determine temperature variations and heat fluxes in the margins of the examined setups. The potential benefits of the suggested model are twofold. Accordingly, the findings of the numerical analyses reveal the configurations and operating conditions proving the optimal dynamic thermal parameters and energy demand. Numerical simulations indicate that an optimal cooling power capacity is noticeable for wall surfaces covered with solar heat-rejecting paints; cooling saving can exceed 90% for highly solar-reflective surfaces. However, when it comes to unveiling the global performability of ultra-white paints the overall improvement of conditions may vary radically; a reflective paint will probably not be sufficient to counterbalance both heating and cooling concerns. In terms of annual heat transmission loads, results exhibit an optimal solar absorptivity of 0.35 for north/east/west facing walls and 0.75 for south-oriented walls. Also, within the confines of our attention, by the increase of insulation level, the energy benefit can reach up to 40% per annum.

A turning point? Interview with Emmanuel Falque

An interview with the professor and philosopher Emmanuel Falque, in the context of his passage through the University of Coimbra, in the context of the Journée Internationale d’études philosophiques, which will take place on 26 May 2022, at the Faculty of Letters, entitled: «L’im‑pensable : Aux confins de la phénoménalité». In this interview, In this interview, our author coming to his entire philosophical project, from its origins to his most recent scientific production. The philosopher tells us about the provenance of his thought through his main philosophical works and his existential interpretation and phenomenological reading of patristic and medieval philosophy as well as his debates with phenomenology and contemporary philosophy, particularly French philosophy. Here the epistemological and metaphysical question between philosophy and theology, literature and aesthetics, psychoanalysis and phenomenology is also addressed; the concept of «corps épandu», the corporeality or the embodiment as the cardinal point of human finitude and its incessant search to think our «humanity in common». Emmanuel Falque also presents us in this interview the genesis and the fundamental idea of Hors phénomène, as the central axis of his global philosophical project, but also as the revelation of a certain «turning point», inflexion or even of «radicalization» of his démarche, as well as its possible consequences to rethink aesthetics, ethics, politics and theology. The French thinker also talks to us here about the future of philosophy and the new horizons of his reflection (the new triptych...), about the authors and figures in the history of thought (philosophers or others) who have influenced and impacted his own philosophical‑existential path. Thus, the work of a thinker-philosopher is always an ex-position of himself to others, permanently thinking the world of life, the embodiment of reason in the folds of history.

V-043 NEW CONCEPTS IN LIRA TECHNIQUE IN LAPAROSCOPIC VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR. LIRA -LESS STEP BY STEP

Abstract Introduction LIRA (Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Rectus Aponeuroplasty) described in 2018 by our group showed advantages in preliminary results in terms of recurrence and bulging because a reduced tension in the midline in W2 defects following the EHS Classification. Otherwise permanent fixation in inlay meshes is related with and increase of pain and adhesions. We present LIRA-LESS step to step as an evolution in LIRA technique. Material and methods A 58 years old male affected by a M3W2 hernia. A LIRA procedure is proposed. Step 1: adhesions release and sac content reduced. Step 2: defect measurement and flap designed following the LIRA Technique principles with the neumoperitoneum deflated and flap mobilized and suture in the midline. Step 3 An in lay mesh of PVDF is positioned reducing permanent fixation in cardinal points combined with Cianocrilate in a 3:1 way. Step 4 A TAP-block anesthesia is performed in this case with Ropivacaine 2%. Results Operative time was 95 min. VAS 1 day was 3 and was discharge without complications. VAS 7 day in clinical office was 0. There were not recurrence or Bulkging in CT -Scan 1 month after the surgery. Discussion LIRA technique is a safe procedure with a low tension in the midline with good reults in terms of recurrence and bulging. LIRA-LESS concept allows a reduction in traumatic permanent fixation with good results in terms of pain and recurrence.

Location of Points on Plane and the Order of Disposition of Sum of Powers of Cardinal Coordinates

This article exposed the structure of all orders of the sum of powers of cardinal coordinates with the explicitly determined computational disposition of similarity, between the coefficient of binomial expansion and the sum of powers of pairs of cardinal points on the plane. The proofs were achieved by a logical deployment of combinatorial techniques, laws of indices on powers of cardinal bases, and a comparison of corresponding results. The results proved conclusively that the sum of the powers of cardinal points is equal to the coefficients of the Binomial expansion with respect to the Pascal triangle pattern and entries.

« Guter Humor und scherzende Satyre ». Les fonctions du rire dans Die Abentheuer des Don Sylvio von Rosalva

The article deals with the articulation between the conceptions of the Enlightenment about laughter and its role in the novel. Drawing on both the tradition of farce and wit, Wieland makes laughter a sign of the interdependence of mind and body and the cardinal point of his break with a dichotomous vision of the Enlightenment based upon the opposition between reason and sensibility, truth and fiction. Ultimately, Wieland emphasises the therapeutic function of laughter and’good humor’ in society, as these factors alleviate the pathological affects which caused the main character’s suffering.

Decolonial Ch’owen Across Abiayala and Turtle Island: Calixta Gabriel Xiquín’s Poetic Invocations of Kaqchikel Spirituality, the Cardinal Points, and Trans-Indigenous Grandmothers

Kaqchikel intellectual and ajq’ij (spiritual guide, daykeeper) Calixta Gabriel Xiquín connects Kaqchikel Mayas with other Indigenous activist initiatives throughout the hemisphere through her explicit references to the cardinal points in La cosmovisión maya y las mujeres (2008). As Gabriel Xiquín engages other Indigenous women in Turtle Island and Abiayala, she incorporates Pan-Maya references from the Popol Wuj and invokes female Indigenous spiritual beliefs from other Native American communities, namely the Sioux legend of the White Buffalo Calf Woman. Grounding her work in Kaqchikel Maya spirituality, Gabriel Xiquín denounces the oppression of Indigenous peoples and their cultures throughout Abiayala and Turtle Island in this decolonial project. The Kaqchikel poet and ajq’ij joins other Native voices in cross-cultural exchanges across the hemisphere, as she looks to the cardinal points to reimagine trans-Indigenous possibilities for ch’owen (dialogue).

THE ASSEMBLAGES OF THE ROMNY CULTURE ON THE SETTLEMENT ZAMKOVA HORA

This paper is devoted to the assemblages of the Romny culture discovered in the settlement Zamkova Hora in Lubech. Three residential buildings in total were excavated. One of them was discovered by the expedition of Academician Boris Rybakov, the other two buildings were excavated by the expedition headed by the author. They were located in one row, along the long axis of the settlement at a distance of about 10—12 m from its south-eastern edge.
 The most northern building was excavated in 2011. Its 4 Ч 4 subsquare pit is oriented by corners on the cardinal points and deepened into the virgin soil to 0.3—0.5 m. In the Southern corner at a distance of 0.4 m from the South-West wall of the structure, the collapse of a stove of roller construction with dimensions of 1 Ч 1.7—1.8 m was found.
 The next residential building of the Romny culture was located 5 m South-West of the previous one and was excavated by the expedition of Rybakov in 1958. Its remains are represented by a pit with a subrectangular shape measuring 3.5 Ч 3.2 m, deepened into the virgin soil by 0.6 m. The structure is oriented by corners to the cardinal points. In the South-West corner was a rectangular well-preserved stove. In 2011, the remains of the stove were researched further and additional information about its design was obtained. The stove was built close to the virgin soil wall of the building. Its surviving dimensions were 1.35 Ч 1.20 m. The hearth was measured at 0.7 Ч 0.45 m. The clay walls of the stove of 0.45—0.60 m thick were built on a backfill of black sandy soil with a lot of coal and stone.
 The third building with Romny pottery was excavated in 2012 and recorded 9 m South-West of the building excavated by Rybakov. Its pit measuring 4 Ч 4 m was oriented by corners to the cardinal points. Near the Southern corner the remains of the adobe stove were discovered. The size of the stove was 0.9 Ч 0.65 m. The hearth and its inner part were made of stone and covered with clay.
 Thus, the residential buildings of the 10th century consisted of one row of dwellings of the Romny culture has been found in the settlement of Zamkova Hora. All three constructions were oriented in the same way by corners to the cardinal points and had clay stoves located in the Southern corner and built either using clay rolls or stones. Fragments of the hand-made Romny culture’s pottery prevailed in ceramic material from all buildings. However, there were also fragments of early fine pottery from the 10th century.

Determination of the effective focal length and cardinal points for a coaxial system of thick lenses.

In this work, an analytical method is proposed to determine the effective focal length and the six cardinal points for a system of coaxial thick lenses. The technique is different from both the Gaussian and matrix methods. We can apply it without the need to calculate the power and the principal points of the individual lenses of the system. The method is based on a proposed formula for the focal length of a whole system of coaxial thick lenses. This formula is derived in detail in the present work. The proposed method represents a simpler alternative to the Gaussian reduction method. Several numerical examples are solved in this work using the method. In these examples, we have easily calculated the effective focal length and the six cardinal points for coaxial systems of two, three, and five thick lenses in the most general case of different refractive indices.

On the demotic-hieratic horoscopes from Athribis

In a previous issue of this journal (53/1), M. Escolano-Poveda published four elaborate demotic-hieratic horoscopes from Athribis. Three of the texts are new (O.Athribis 17-36-5/1741), and the fourth is reedited (ANAsh.Mus.D.O. 633). The present paper engages with two features of these texts. The first concerns the synchronization of the lunar and civil calendars. The editor of the horoscopes claims that the year count as it appears in the Greek P.Ryl. IV 589 is the basis for the correlation between the two calendars in these texts, but this paper shows that the Athribis horoscopes follow the cycle according to the scheme found in P.Carlsberg 9. The second issue is the nature of eight entities listed after the four cardinal points. Escolano-Poveda interprets them as an idiosyncratic system of arranging the places (in Greek, typically τόποι) in the Dodecatropos. Several of the readings for the names of these eight entities, however, must be revised, which leads in turn to a reconsideration of the identification as places. They are better understood as astrological lots (in Greek, typically κλῆροι), and the system partially overlaps with the one known from the canonical Hellenistic astrologers.

Gangs, gang members, and geography

AbstractGangs are geographically oriented social entities as evidenced by the display of cardinal points in their graffiti, the use of neighborhood namesakes, a focus on territoriality as their raison d'être, as well as in the way they are policed and legally cordoned. Despite gang members' real and imagined penchant for transgressive place‐making and demarcation, it has been sociologists and criminologists, not geographers, who have produced the lion's share of spatially nuanced research on gangs. In this article, I provide a review of the social scientific literature on gangs, concluding with a call for how to make the discipline of geography more inclusive for gang researchers who possess real‐world experience with assertive place‐making practices.

English

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of maize intercropping with Eucalyptus urophylla at agroforestry system in two triple row distance (alleys) at different sampling distances and positions in relation to the eucalyptus external row (transect), and three positions in relation to the cardinal points: east side, west side and middle. Eucalyptus (E. urophylla) seedlings were planted with spacing of 1.5 m between plants and 3.0 m between rows (triple rows) and two triple row distances: 16.5 and 37.1 m apart, with the spatial exposure of the rows towards north and south, ranging from 888 to 464 plants ha-1. It was observed that treatments differed in relation to the number of ears ha-1 and grain yield in both seasons. In addition, in relation to the final plant density ha-1, in the 2014/2015 season, the maize at 4.2 m distance from eucalyptus at 16.5 m triple row distance had lower number of ears ha-1 and grain yield, and maize at 8.2 m from eucalyptus at 37.1 m triple row distance had greater number of ears and grain yield. The cardinal positions (W/E) in relation to the eucalyptus did not influence the agronomic characteristics of the maize. Key words: Cropping systems, integrated systems, Zea mays.

The Encyclopaedic Meaning of Erythros in Koine Greek Toponyms. A Cognitive Approach to the Definition of the Ancient Colour Cardinal Points System

Summary The cartographic and historiographic traditions interpreting the Greek toponym Erythra Thalassa indicate this expression could designate several water basins in classical historiography, though it is usually rendered univocally as the Red Sea. This research applies cognitive semantics to the history of geography to retrieve the encyclopaedic meaning of the term erythros in relation to its dictionary meaning “red”. Computationally generated lists of frequency from about 50 ancient Greek and Latin oeuvres denote a predominant toponymic use of the term and a fixed collocation in conjunction with thalassa “sea”. Additional statistical data extrapolated from the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament reveal the tendency in the biblical tradition to use exclusively the inflected form erythra in fully fixed collocations with the term thalassa. The paper finds out that the specific shade of red denoted by erythors has been used since the seventh century BCE in a number of other toponyms and ethnonyms to convey the conceptual meaning of “southern”. To comparatively verify this hypothesis, several Greek toponyms incorporating the term leukos – “white” or “western” – are discussed in relation to their relative position in the oikumene. Based on comparative chronologies and diatopic attestations of the phenomenon, the hypothesis that the Turkic colour cardinal points system and the linguistic means to convey it was introduced to Greece during the period of contact with the Scythe people is proposed.

Современные подходы к исследованию советской и постсоветской экранной культуры. На материале 53-го конгресса ASEEES, США

The article is devoted to the study of the works of researchers from the USA, based on the material of the 53rd Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) International Annual Congress, which belong to various branches of humanitarian knowledge, but directly related to the study of Soviet and modern screen culture in Russia or other countries (Eastern Europe, India, Cuba, etc.) that have experienced its direct or indirect influence. The interest in the research of American representatives of the humanities, whose share in the total number of participants in congresses is very significant, is due to the fact that for decades, full of dramatic trials, to which the cultural ties of the USSR/ Russia and the USA were subjected, the screen cultures of both countries mutually aroused close interest, although its background could be different. Numerous representatives of various branches of the humanities in the USA pay great attention to screen culture per se or as a source of valuable information about other segments of culture, society, politics, history, etc., especially to segments of feature and documentary films, animation, newsreels, television programs of various formats (TV series, information programs, journalistic programs, especially investigative journalism, etc.) and new media (social networks, especially YouTube, streaming). The article concludes with the conclusions obtained, including: the increased interest of the American scientific community in the study of the mechanisms of formation and reproduction of ideology, power in the history of the USSR/Russia; cardinal points of contrast between the social, political, and cultural agendas of modern Russia and the United States (and other foreign countries); search and analysis of crisis phenomena in society, culture, and politics of the USSR/Russia, reflected in the phenomena of screen culture.

Salutary and Well-Intentioned Violence: The 1858 Quarantine Fires in Staten Island

Salutary and Well-Intentioned ViolenceThe 1858 Quarantine Fires in Staten Island Andy McCarthy (bio) In September 1858, residents of Tompkinsville, a village in the town of Castleton in Staten Island, set fire to the buildings of the nearby New York Marine Hospital, which was known as the Quarantine. The hospital had been operating in the neighborhood for sixty years, receiving sick passengers from incoming vessels to New York Harbor. Newspapers called it “The Quarantine War,” “The Quarantine Riot,” “The Staten Island Arson,” “The Burning of the Quarantine,” “The Staten Island Rebellion,” and “The Quarantine Imbroglio.” Local citizens feared the spread of yellow fever and were enraged by the perceived lack of empathy shown by city and state officials, while Quarantine health officers argued that local property owners used the threat of yellow fever as an excuse to eradicate the hospital in order to simply increase neighborhood real estate values. The people justified the violence as a civic duty. The state identified the fires as acts of lawlessness, and Governor John A. King declared that Staten Island was in a “state of insurrection.”1 The Quarantine fires were consistent with a polarizing and politicized derangement that characterized the American masses in the late 1850s. In New York City and elsewhere in the United States, the justification for acts of violence by citizens increasingly reflected the brinksmanship of a complex moral and civic duality that would climax in the Civil War. For example, when John Brown raided the military arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, anticipating an uprising of the enslaved population of the South, Brown and his raiders took hostages and murdered five locals. While Brown and his devotees believed he was a crusader for freedom, U.S. authorities apprehended the Kansas Free-Soiler and hanged him as a terrorist. “He was already more than a man; he was a legend. In fact, there were two competing legends.”2 “It is well known,” wrote a reporter for Harper’s Weekly, “that at bottom politics had [End Page 123] much to do with the burning of the hospitals . . . their continuance was a source of pecuniary gain to the political party to which the governor belongs, and their abatement a cardinal point with the democracy.”3 In its time, the Quarantine endured an ongoing pattern of mass paranoia, misinformation, and threats of destruction. The circumstances of its burning were schismatic, prescient, and ironic, and constitute a revealing example of how justice and democracy were interpreted by Americans in the decade before the “War between the States.” Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. “Attack on the Quarantine Establishment, on September 1, 1858,” Harper’s Weekly, September 11, 1858. courtesy of the new york public library picture collection. Origins Between 1791 and 1807, yellow fever was reported to have caused the deaths of five thousand people in New York City.4 From August to November 1798, an outbreak in Lower Manhattan [End Page 124] killed 2,086 inhabitants.5 The following year, the New York State legislature passed the Quarantine Act, “to provide against infectious and pestilential diseases,” including punishments against doctors and ship masters who failed to report sick passengers to the Quarantine hospital, which at the time located on Governor’s Island in New York Harbor, between Manhattan and Staten Island.6 The state had used the right of eminent domain to obtain title from the Church of St. Andrew to thirty acres on the northeast shore of Richmond County. Then, Staten Island was a thinly populated county, with 4,564 inhabitants enumerated in the 1800 U.S. Census.7 By rowboat or sailboat, a trip to Manhattan from Staten Island might take from two to five hours.8 The new Quarantine was located just north of the Narrows of New York Bay, an area described in 1805 by the city inspector as “in a situation as airy and salubrious as any that can well be conceived.”9 At the entrance was the St. Nicholas building, a three-story brick structure in which quarantined individuals were housed.10 Atop the entrance was a wooden statue known to the locals as “Sailor Jack.” Over the next five decades, the operation...

Automated Mathematical Algorithm for Quantitative Measurement of Strabismus Based on Photographs of Nine Cardinal Gaze Positions.

This study presents an automated algorithm that measures ocular deviation quantitatively using photographs of the nine cardinal points of gaze by means of deep learning (DL) and image processing techniques. Photographs were collected from patients with strabismus. The images were used as inputs for the DL segmentation models that segmented the sclerae and limbi. Subsequently, the images were registered for the mathematical algorithm. Two-dimensional sclera and limbus were modeled, and the corneal light reflex points of the primary gaze images were determined. Limbus recognition was performed to measure the pixel-wise distance between the corneal reflex point and limbus center. The segmentation models exhibited high performance, with 96.88% dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for the sclera segmentation and 95.71% DSC for the limbus segmentation. The mathematical algorithm was tested on two cranial nerve palsy patients to evaluate its ability to measure and compare ocular deviation in different directions. These results were consistent with the symptoms of such disorders. This algorithm successfully measured the distance of ocular deviation in patients with strabismus. With complementation in the dimension calculations, we expect that this algorithm can be used further in clinical settings to diagnose and measure strabismus at a low cost.

From Pure Nature to Wounded Nature: Aquinas on the Effects of Original Sin

From Pure Nature to Wounded Nature: Aquinas on the Effects of Original Sin Jacob W. Wood IN HIS 1948 review of Henri de Lubac’s Surnaturel, Philip Donnelly pointed out a remarkable deficit in the “nature/grace debate” as it was then emerging: Probably the most enlightening phase of future discussion will revolve around the concept of nature, its historical development in relation to the evolution of dogma, and particularly, the divergent viewpoints of many patristic writers and of the Scholastics. The cardinal point here will be the integration of the dogma of original sin into a complete synthesis of the supernatural order.1 Although de Lubac was aware of—and had read—Donnelly’s critique,2 he never did take Donnelly up on this challenge to engage in a careful exposition of the theological tradition on the relationship between original sin and nature, to complement his work on the relationship between nature and grace. It is not that de Lubac was unaware of the importance of unpacking the extent to which nature, as we experience it, has been wounded by original sin. Going back as far as Catholicism in 1938, he had expressed a reticence over the teaching of his fellow Jesuit and erstwhile cardinal, Louis Billot, which had guaranteed [End Page 173] happiness apart from Christ for large swaths of the human race, even adults. 3 De Lubac referred to Billot’s idea as “natural salvation” (salut naturel).4 He saw it as the logical consequence of Francisco Suárez’s idea that fallen nature is pure nature, with a complete set of natural virtues oriented towards a completely fulfilling natural happiness.5 The specter of such a natural salvation for such a perfectly natural man drove an immense portion of de Lubac’s argument against the commentatorial tradition’s understanding of nature in Surnaturel.6 The naïveté of it, especially in light of the horrors of Nazi Germany, stood behind the warnings of The Drama of Atheist Humanism.7 And what de Lubac perceived as an attempt to revivify it after Vatican II stood behind what he referred to as the postconciliar “allergy to sin” (allergie au péché)—not that the members of the Church stopped committing sin, but that we ceased to acknowledge sin, to talk about it, and to seek personal healing and forgiveness for it from Jesus Christ.8 De Lubac was not the only theologian of his day concerned about a lack of attention to the wounds of original sin, or even more specifically about Billot’s idea of natural salvation. As unlikely an ally as Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange also devoted significant attention to the subject. It hardly needs repeating that Garrigou-Lagrange was among the fiercest critics of de [End Page 174] Lubac’s theology of nature and grace,9 but on the subject of nature’s wounding by original sin the two saw relatively eye to eye. To be sure, Garrigou-Lagrange sets up his consideration of original sin differently, rooting it in a firm distinction between humanity’s natural and supernatural ends.10 But from that point onwards, he speaks similarly to de Lubac. Fallen humanity’s aversion from its final end, he argues, is caused by a “weak will, inclined to a private good.”11 That selfish orientation of the will, in turn, prevents us from achieving without grace a variety of perfections which humanity, created in a state of pure nature, would have been able to achieve: for example, loving God above all things with natural love,12 fulfilling the natural law,13 or forming virtues which are connected by prudence.14 Simply put, “man has less power to do natural moral good in a state of fallen nature than he would have had in a state of pure nature,”15 a view with which Garrigou-Lagrange tells us “several authors of the Society of Jesus disagree.”16 [End Page 175] Although Garrigou-Lagrange tends to lump his Jesuit interlocutors together under the generic title of “Molinists,” he does—like de Lubac—single out one: Louis Billot. He sees Billot’s opinion that human beings can form natural virtues in relation to supernatural objects...

East to West to South to North—and Back

In this article, I map out landscaping practices by Thuringian long-distance truck drivers. Drawing on extended fieldwork, I show that contemporary truck drivers who drive the German and European highways with their political (and often racist) ideas in tow, structure their landscapes according to the four cardinal points. While getting disillusioned by experiences of an unwelcoming West that loses its utopic shine it had during the times of the German separation, Thuringian drivers strongly refuse to subsume themselves into a European East, which they “orientalize” as dangerous and barbaric. I argue that as a solution to this lived tension between East/West, Thuringian truckers increasingly relocate utopic places into the European North and South while intermingling geographies with ideologies, drawing especially from popular country music.

Brumation of the clouded monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in north-eastern Thailand

The clouded monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus), is a semi arboreal lizard widely distributed throughout much of South and Southeast Asia. Despite its wide distribution there is almost nothing known about the ecology of this species. During the course of an 11-month radio telemetry study, in a reserve with a tropical savannah climate (Köppen Aw), we made the first records of brumation in this monitor lizard. This contrasts with earlier reports of the same species in a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) where no brumation was recorded. We successfully tracked 10 individuals throughout their inactive period and found that seven of the monitors selected tree hollows within the endangered Shorea henryana tree. All tree hollows selected faced between the east and south cardinal points (90 °-180 °). The average brumation period was 100 days (range 86-113 days, standard deviation - 10.7), beginning in November at a time of falling temperatures and humidities and ending in early March when these variables had been restored. Eight of the 10 monitors basked partially or completely out of their shelters on multiple occasions. Of those eight monitors, two individuals moved between shelters during brumation after an extended period in one location. Our observations provide insight into the relationship between V. nebulosus and the tree S.henryana, in the dry evergreen forests of north-eastern Thailand. Future research should investigate how this tree will be affected by climate change in the coming decades and what that could mean for the future persistence of the clouded monitors that appear to rely on it

03. Brumation of the clouded monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in north-eastern Thailand

The clouded monitor lizard (Varanus nebulosus), is a semi arboreal lizard widely distributed throughout much of South and Southeast Asia. Despite its wide distribution there is almost nothing known about the ecology of this species. During the course of an 11-month radio telemetry study, in a reserve with a tropical savannah climate (Köppen Aw), we made the first records of brumation in this monitor lizard. This contrasts with earlier reports of the same species in a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) where no brumation was recorded. We successfully tracked 10 individuals throughout their inactive period and found that seven of the monitors selected tree hollows within the endangered Shorea henryana tree. All tree hollows selected faced between the east and south cardinal points (90 °-180 °). The average brumation period was 100 days (range 86-113 days, standard deviation - 10.7), beginning in November at a time of falling temperatures and humidities and ending in early March when these variables had been restored. Eight of the 10 monitors basked partially or completely out of their shelters on multiple occasions. Of those eight monitors, two individuals moved between shelters during brumation after an extended period in one location. Our observations provide insight into the relationship between V. nebulosus and the tree S.henryana, in the dry evergreen forests of north-eastern Thailand. Future research should investigate how this tree will be affected by climate change in the coming decades and what that could mean for the future persistence of the clouded monitors that appear to rely on it.

Knowledge and Practices of General Public in Context to Canine Rabies

Objective: To estimate knowledge and practices of general public in context to canine rabies. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: Based on variance in topography and high animal acquaintance, the area was divided into four cardinal points and 50 respondents were taken from each area. A well-structured questionnaire was designed for entering the required information in form of open ended questions regarding their knowledge and general practices. All the responses were categorized and further decoded for extracting related information. Results: There were 127 male and 73 female respondents. The mean age was 29.3±3.5 years with 52% within the age group of 26-35 years. Only 44% respondents were known about clinical symptoms of rabies. Almost half of the respondents had their pets vaccinated while other half did not vaccinate their pet/pets against rabies. Conclusion: More awareness program should be conducted for increasing knowledge of general public against rabies disease. Key words: Knowledge, General public, Canine rabies