Cardinal Aim Research Articles

Status Bronchospasticus of Non-Allergic Origin

1. Attention is focused on the ubiquitous prevalence of bronchospasm of non-allergic origin. 2. The main causative factors of this condition are enumerated, with commentary on the role of various lung diseases, heart failure, cough, extraneous environmental factors, psychogenic influences and reflex irritation of the peribronchial smooth muscles from extrapulmonary sources. 3. Adverse sequels of non-allergic bronchospasm are discussed, with particular reference to wheezing, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, tussive insufficiency and pseudohypertrophic emphysema. 4. The cardinal aim of treatment is to restore the normotonic (eutonic) status of the peribronchial and peribronchiolar smooth muscles. Adequate treatment of the underlying provocative condition is emphasized and the author's favorable clinical experience is recorded, with bronchospasmolytic and anticholinergic drugs and with corticosteroids.

The role of physics in engineering education

The Report in Brief: The role of physics in engineering education is not a static one. It must respond and evolve with the momentous changes in both engineering and physics which are occurring continually. The predominent reliance of early engineering upon art is giving way to a modern technology based squarely upon the physical sciences. Since the beginning of this century we have seen as much progress in physics as had been obtained in the whole previous history of mankind. Yet the obvious and enormous increase in subject matter of modern physics is not the most significant factor relating to the aim of instruction in physics in the education of engineers. On the contrary, the cardinal aim should be that of imparting to the student a point of view, an attitude of mind, and a capacity to deal with the principles and methods of analysis of contemporary physics, for, without training and experience in these modes of thought, neither physicist nor engineer will prove competent to deal with the emerging problems of science and technology.

French North Africa: an American Problem

FOR SEVERAL YEARS, the French protectorates of Tunisia and Morocco have been asking the United States for help in their attempts to win independence. Although our refusal to give help subjected us to charges of hypocrisy, and although the Arab countries made our support of colonialism an excuse for neutrality in the cold war,1 Tunisian and Moroccan nationalism never was a paramount problem to American foreign policy makers. In recent months, however, this situation has changed. The British promise to evacuate Suez has left French North Africa as the only part of the nationalism-conscious Arab world still under European control. Although the Arab League had espoused the cause of North African freedom as early as 1946, the issue of removing France from the Mediterranean scene was always secondary to the Suez problem. Now that this is settled, animosity previously directed at London has been diverted towards Paris. French presence in Algeria, which is administratively part of metropolitan France, is not yet considered intolerable, but its continuance in the protectorates is. With Tunisian and Moroccan independence as a cardinal aim of its foreign policy, Egypt, the pacesetter of the Arab League, has shown no restraint in attempting to arouse francophobia, accusing France not only of wantonly exploiting North Africa, but even of plotting with Israel against the entire Arab world.2 Fortified by this support, the nationalist movements of Tunisia and Morocco have become forces to be reckoned with on the international scene. The large concessions wrested from a weakened France in recent months have encouraged the nationalists to intensify their efforts to obtain outside support. Their chief objective is the United States the one

Manuring of Rice in Relation to Maintenance of Soil Fertility and Increased Production

According to the "Famine Enquiry Commission Report" recently published by the Government of India, the self sufficiency in cereals at à satisfactory level, should be the cardinal aim of Food and Agricultural Policy of our Government to solve the acute food shortage in the country. As envisaged by Dr. Burns, formerly Agricultural Commissioner with the Government of India, a 30% increase in production of cereals is urgent and there is no reason why this could not be achieved as a result of the "Grow More Food" Campaign launched by the Provincial and Central Governments on an intensive and extensive scale. Taking rice, we produce in the Province an average of only 5 million tons of rice from 10 million acres under paddy both irrigated and dry; and this is undoubtedly the most depressing part about our agriculture. The low production is mainly due to lack of water and manure. It is the unanimous opinion of the Agricultural experts, that given ample water and manure, the rice yield can be forced up very much higher. The average yield of wet paddy lands (8 million acres) in the Province is about 1,400 lbs. per acre. The population of Madras Province is approximately 50 millions and working at the rate of 16 oz. per head, the total quantity of rice required to feed the whole population is about 8 million tons of cleaned rice per annum. In other words, we have to increase our production of the present 5 million to 8 million tons.

Changing concepts of sinusitis

AbstractRealization of the importance of proper nasal and sinus physiology alters the approach to the problem of sinusitis, while the antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents afford valuable weapons in treatment. Restoration rather than destruction of diseased tissue is the cardinal aim. When the pathologic change in the membrane is irreversible surgery is required, conservative operations being preferred. In longstanding suppurative sinusitis the membrane becomes fibrotic and little benefit results from the sulfonamides or penicillin. Sinusitis is classified as follows: 1. allergic, 2. mechanical, 3. bacterial. In general, allergic cases require primary attention to the allergic diathesis, those due to mechanical blockage are relieved by simple surgical procedures, and early bacterial sinusitis responds to penicillin. Penicillin is equally valuable in treating the complications of orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis of the skull. When given early surgery can often be avoided, but in chronic osteomyelitis surgical drainage is usually needed in addition.

Ibsen's Political and Social Ideas

Man, “to be himself,” is “to realize himself.” This fundamental thought became a beacon of light which Ibsen unhesitatingly followed through financial distress, through social isolation, and through severe and often malicious criticism by his contemporaries. To advance the country and elevate the people was Ibsen's cardinal aim, which he consistently strove to attain. He dared to be himself; he spoke the truth when he saw it, and fought for his convictions. If one never commits himself, he never expresses himself; his self becomes less and less significant and decisive. Calculating selfishness is the annihilation of self. This was not true of Ibsen. In a letter to Björnson he says: “Had I to decide on an inscription for the monument, I should chose the words: “His life was his best work.” So to conduct one's life as to realize one's self seems to be the brightest attainment possible to a human being. It is the task of one and all of us, but most of us bungle it.”