Cardiac Output In Dogs Research Articles

The relationship between physiologic shunt and cardiac output in dogs under general anesthesia.

The relationship between physiologic shunt and cardiac output in dogs under general anesthesia.

Effects of paired stimulation on cardiac output in dogs at rest and during exercise.

Effects of paired stimulation on cardiac output in dogs at rest and during exercise.

Measure- ment of distribution of cardiac output.

Measure- ment of distribution of cardiac output.

Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in man.

Measurement of cardiac output by thermal dilution in man.

Variability in the Cardiac Output of Dogs, as Estimated by Radiocardiography

Variability in the Cardiac Output of Dogs, as Estimated by Radiocardiography

Anemia-induced changes in cardiac output in dogs treated with dichloroisoproterenol.

The cardiac output of anesthetized dogs was markedly elevated by the production of severe acute anemia by exchanging dextran for blood. Dichloroisoproterenol, in a dose which completely blocked the positive chronotropic effect of epinephrine and several reflexes, usually had minimal effects on the cardiac output. The cardiac responses to acute anemia were not different in the DCI-treated and the control groups. It is concluded that the effect of acute anemia on cardiac output is probably not mediated by the action of adrenergic substances on the heart.

Variability of cardiac output in dogs under chloralose and urethane anesthesia

Cardiac output was determined in nine mongrel dogs 2 and 3 hours after induction of anesthesia with urethane, 750 mg/kg, and chloralose, 75 mg/kg. Cardiac output at 3 hours declined significantly from 2-hour postanesthetic values. The only other significant hemodynamic change was an increased pulmonary resistance. When chloralose and urethane anesthesia are employed in animal experimentation, sequential hemodynamic changes should be appreciated to avoid serious experimental error.

Measurement of cardiac output in dogs during cardiac massage

1. 1. Direct measurement of the cardiac output during massage was made using Starling heart-lung preparations. 2. 2. Control output values of 80 cc./kg./min. were established. This is the expected value for adult humans. Massage values averaging 21 cc./kg./min. (or 26 per cent of the expected cardiac output in humans) were obtained. 3. 3. The optimal rate of massage in terms of output is 60 compressions per minute. 4. 4. Coronary flow during cardiac massage is apparently small, since the exclusion of the coronary circulation by ligation of the coronary arteries at their ostia does not increase the output during massage.

Effects of venous infusion of gaseous CO2 on cardiac output of dogs.

SummaryCardiac output was measured in dogs before, during, and after intravenous infusion of gaseous CO2. Slight decreases in output occurred but not great enough to indicate a significant impairment in blood flow through the pulmonary system. Infused CO2 moves rapidly into the expired gas. Lowered oxygen saturation of blood following infusion of CO2 can be explained in part by Bohr effect. However, this does not account entirely for level of oxygen unsaturation and something more than Bohr effect seems involved.

Evaluation of variability in the cardiac output of dogs.

The cardiac output was calculated by the Fick principle on 245 adult dogs. The mean cardiac output was 2.36, and the range from 0.91 to 5.09 l/min. The cardiac output determined using venous blood from the right auricle was not significantly different from the mean of all determinations. The six groups of dogs, based on different source of arterial and venous blood differed from each other in unpredictable ways, suggesting that the physiological measurements taken between 60 and 90 minutes after anesthesia are subject to great variation, but that cardiac output was no more variable at this time than other physiological measurements made. The cardiac output of these anesthetized dogs was found to have a low correlation with body weight.

Measurement of the cardiac output in dogs by a conductivity method after single intravenous injections of autogenous plasma.

Equations are developed for the estimation of cardiac output from hematocrit dilution, using the continuously recorded conductivity of whole blood drawn from an artery through a conductivity cell, after a single intravenous injection of autogenous plasma. The equipment used is described, the results are compared with those of simultaneously performed measurements of dye dilution and the advantages of the method are discussed.

Spontaneous variability of cardiac output in the dog.

ArticleSpontaneous Variability of Cardiac Output in the DogDonald G. Vidt, Gordon Hanusek, James F. Schieve, Hugh B. Hull, and Leo A. SapirsteinDonald G. VidtFrom the Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Gordon HanusekFrom the Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, James F. SchieveFrom the Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Hugh B. HullFrom the Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and Leo A. SapirsteinFrom the Department of Physiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OhioPublished Online:01 May 1955https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1955.181.2.337MoreSectionsPDF (691 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByEffects of pentobarbital on blood pressure in dogs with coarctation of the aortaJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 16, No. 1Effect of sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia on platelet behavior in vitro and in vivoMicrovascular Research, Vol. 4, No. 1Comparison of right atrial and right ventricular single and paired pacing in the canine heartAmerican Heart Journal, Vol. 77, No. 2The effects of anesthesia with pentobarbital on hemodynamics and arterial blood gases in splenectomized dogsThe Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Vol. 54, No. 4The level and stage of anesthesia: Its influence on cardiac output and related hemodynamicsToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 7, No. 2Variability in the Cardiac Output of Dogs, as Estimated by Radiocardiography27 September 2008 | Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie, Vol. 72, No. 4The effect of acute addition metabolic alkalosis on the cardiovascular response of the dog to hemorrhageJournal of Surgical Research, Vol. 3, No. 1Effect of Ether Anesthesia on the Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure, and Distribution of Blood Flow in the Albino RatCirculation Research, Vol. 7, No. 5The Use of Bromsulphalein for Determination of the Cardiac Output13 May 2010 | Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Vol. 8, No. 3Splanchnic Blood Flow after HemorrhageScience, Vol. 122, No. 3180Vergleichende Bestimmung des Herzzeitvolumens nach dem FICKschen Prinzip mit p-Aminohippursäure und mit SauerstoffArchiv für Kreislaufforschung, Vol. 23, No. 7-12 More from this issue > Volume 181Issue 2May 1955Pages 337-340 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1955 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1955.181.2.337PubMed14376620History Received 21 October 1954 Published online 1 May 1955 Published in print 1 May 1955 Metrics

Characteristics of Shock Following Acute Reduction of Cardiac Output in Dogs

A state of shock followed the acute reduction of cardiac output caused by injection of a necrotizing solution into the myocardium. Decrease in blood pressure, decrease in circulating plasma volume, increase in hematocrit readings and the effect of re-expansion of the plasma volume established the similarity of this state to other forms of shock. Pulmonary blood volume decreased concurrently with cardiac output and effective plasma volume.

Carotid sinus reflexes and cardiac output in dogs.

The Journal of PhysiologyVolume 114, Issue 1-2 p. 27-40 ArticleFree Access Carotid sinus reflexes and cardiac output in dogs R. A. Kenney, R. A. KenneySearch for more papers by this authorE. Neil, E. NeilSearch for more papers by this authorA. Schweitzer, A. SchweitzerSearch for more papers by this author R. A. Kenney, R. A. KenneySearch for more papers by this authorE. Neil, E. NeilSearch for more papers by this authorA. Schweitzer, A. SchweitzerSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 June 1951 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1951.sp004601Citations: 15AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume114, Issue1-2June 29, 1951Pages 27-40 RelatedInformation

NEW LIGHT ON THE PHARMACODYNAMICS OF HEART FAILURE

Editorial1 September 1949NEW LIGHT ON THE PHARMACODYNAMICS OF HEART FAILUREH. J. L. M.H. J. L. M.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-31-3-524 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince Withering1 established the empirical fact that the powdered leaves of foxglove were a valuable remedy for the dropsy, many of the pharmacological actions of digitalis have been elucidated. Those that have gained general acceptance are well summarized by Willius2 in three main compartments:(a) digitalis depresses the function of the sino-auricular and the auriculo-ventricular nodes, and a tendency to slowing of the cardiac rate results;(b) it depresses conduction throughout the cardiac muscle, particularly through the auriculo-ventricular bundle, and increases the refractory period in both the auricles and ventricles;(c) it increases the amplitude of cardiac contraction and tends...1 WITHERING W: An account of the foxglove and some of its medicinal uses: with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases, 1785, M. Swinney, Birmingham. Google Scholar2 WILLIUS FA: The actions of digitalis and indications for its use, Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin., 1938, xiii, 572. Google Scholar3 HARRISONLEONARD TRBW: The effect of digitalis on the cardiac out-put of dogs, and its bearing on the action of the drug in heart disease, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1926-1927, iii, 1. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 DOCKTAINTER WML: The circulatory changes after full therapeutic doses of digitalis, with a critical discussion of views on cardiac output, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1930, viii, 467. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5 RYTAND DA: The effect of digitalis on the venous pressure of normal individuals, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1933, xii, 847. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6 WOOD P: The action of digitalis in heart failure with normal rhythm, Brit. Heart Jr., 1940, ii, 132. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7 FORSSMANN W: Die Sondierung des rechten Herzens, Klin. Wchnschr., 1929, viii, 2085. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 COURNANDRANGES AHA: Catheterization of the right auricle in man, Proc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1941, xlvi, 462. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 MCMICHAELSHARPEY-SCHAFER JEP: The action of intravenous digoxin in man, Quart. Jr. Med., 1944, xiii, 123. Google Scholar10 HOWARTHMCMICHAELSHARPEY-SCHAFER SJEP: Effects of venesection in low output heart failure, Clin. Sci., 1946, vi, 41. Google Scholar11 KATZMENDLOWITZKAPLAN LNMHA: Action of digitalis on isolated heart, Am. Heart Jr., 1938, xvi, 149. CrossrefGoogle Scholar12 MCMICHAEL J: The pharmacology of the failing heart, Brit. Med. Jr., 1948, ii, 927. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13 HOWARTHMCMICHAELSHARPEY-SCHAFER SJEP: Effects of oxygen, venesection and digitalis in chronic heart failure from disease of the lungs, Clin. Sci., 1947, vi, 187. Google Scholar14 VAQUEZLUTEMBACHER HR: De l'Ouabaine Arnaud, Presse méd., 1928, xxxvi, 129. Google Scholar15 HOWARTHMCMICHAELSHARPEY-SCHAFER SJEP: The circulatory action of theophylline ethylene diamine, Clin. Sci., 1947, vi, 125. Google Scholar16 Leading Article, Brit. Med. Jr., 1948, ii, 947. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1949Volume 31, Issue 3Page: 524-528KeywordsCardiac musclesCardiac ventriclesEdemaHeart failureHeart ratePharmacodynamics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1949 PDF downloadLoading ...

THE EFFECT OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA ON ARTERIAL TONE

In a previous study 1 it was shown that the cardiac output in dogs under spinal anesthesia remained at a nearly normal level unless a marked diminution in blood pressure took place. The decrease in blood pressure came first and was usually of greater degree than the later decrease in the output of the heart. This sequence of events is just the opposite of that found in experimental traumatic shock and experimental hemorrhage. 2 It was believed that a further comparison of these states might throw light on the nature of the different types of shock. These subjects have received a great deal of study in the past fifteen years, but, so far as one can judge from the literature, many of our concepts as to their exact nature are vague and incomplete. METHOD Dogs were used. They received barbital (0.3 Gm. per kilogram) intravenously from one to two hours

THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON CARDIAC OUTPUT

INTRODUCTION The number of drugs which have been shown to be cardiac stimulants is not large and the result of their use in combating acute circulatory insufficiency has not been encouraging. The action of three drugs commonly used for this purpose, caffeine, camphor and strychnine, has been studied by us on normal dogs, 1 and Blalock 2 has studied the effect of caffeine and ether on the minute cardiac output of dogs in hemorrhagic shock. Caffeine decreased the cardiac output of normal dogs and slightly increased the output in mild shock; camphor had no effect, and strychnine caused a consistent increase when given to normal dogs. Ether, in mild shock, caused an increase in the output but in severe shock was found to decrease the output. The action of epinephrine hydrochloride is well known by virtue of the work of many investigators; Pilcher, Wilson and Harrison 3 have recently shown that following the

The regulation of circulation. V. The effect of anemia and hemorrhage on the cardiac output of dogs: Blalock, Alfred, and Harrison, Tinsley Randolph, Am. Jour. Physiol., 1927, lxxx, 157

The regulation of circulation. V. The effect of anemia and hemorrhage on the cardiac output of dogs: Blalock, Alfred, and Harrison, Tinsley Randolph, Am. Jour. Physiol., 1927, lxxx, 157

OXYGEN LACK AND CARDIAC OUTPUT

As one of the chief functions of the circulation is to supply oxygen to the tissues, the effects of deficiencies in the oxygenation and the oxygen carrying power of the blood on the rate of circulation in the body are of some importance. This is particularly true because many patients present phenomena due to alterations in the amount of hemoglobin or in the degree of oxygenation of hemoglobin. Studies concerning the effects of hemorrhage, anemia and anoxemia on the minute cardiac output of dogs have recently been made by us. The methods employed and the detailed results as well as the previous work bearing on these observations and the physiologic significance of the observations are reported elsewhere. 1 The purpose of this paper is to consider the clinical application of the experiments, and only such data are presented as seem necessary for this purpose. One feature worthy of emphasis is

The effect of digitalis on the cardiac output of dogs and its bearing on the action of the drug in heart disease: Harrison, Tinsley Randolph, and Leonard, Bernard W.: Jour. Clin. Inves., 1926, iii, 1

The effect of digitalis on the cardiac output of dogs and its bearing on the action of the drug in heart disease: Harrison, Tinsley Randolph, and Leonard, Bernard W.: Jour. Clin. Inves., 1926, iii, 1