Card Technology Research Articles

A light-weight compression method for Java card technology

Java Card is a Java running environment tailored for smart cards. In such small systems, resources are limited, and keeping application size as small as possible is a first order issue. Dictionary compression is a promising technique taken into consideration by several authors. The main drawback of this technique is a degradation in the execution speed. In this paper we propose combining the dictionary compression with another compression technique based on the folding mechanism; the latter is less effective in terms of space savings, but has the advantage of speeding up the execution. A combination of the two techniques leads to higher space savings with a very low decrease in execution time compared with the plain dictionary compression.

A novel consumer-centric card management architecture and potential security issues

Multi-application smart card technology has gained momentum due to the Near Field Communication (NFC) and smart phone revolution. Enabling multiple applications from different application providers on a single smart card is not a new concept. Multi-application smart cards have been around since the late 1990s; however, uptake was severely limited. NFC has recently reinvigorated the multi-application initiative and this time around a number of innovative deployment models are proposed. Such models include Trusted Service Manager (TSM), User Centric Smart Card Ownership Model (UCOM) and GlobalPlatform Consumer-Centric Model (GP-CCM). In this paper, we discuss two of the most widely accepted and deployed smart card management architectures in the smart card industry: GlobalPlatform and Multos. We explain how these architectures do not fully comply with the UCOM and GP-CCM. We then describe our novel flexible consumer-centric card management architecture designed specifically for the UCOM and GP-CCM frameworks, along with ways of integrating the TSM model into the proposed card management architecture. Finally, we discuss four new security issues inherent to any architecture in this context along with the countermeasures for our proposed architecture.

Integration of Wireless Technologies in Smart University Campus Environment

In this paper, the authors are particularly interested in enhancing the education process by integrating new tools to the teaching environments. This enhancement is part of an emerging concept, called smart campus. Smart University Campus will come up with a new ubiquitous computing and communication field and change people's lives radically by providing systems and devices supported with smart technologies that have the capabilities of rapid respond to changes and circumstances without human interference, and it will be able to learn from these circumstances. This paper presents framework architecture for integrating various types of wireless networks into a smart university campus to enhance communication among students, instructors, and administration. Moreover, the authors study two possible applications to utilize the proposed networking framework: smart identification and social collaboration applications. An essential part to achieve the main principles of smart university campus is the deployment and usage of smart card technologies for identification and payment. Nowadays, there are several types of smart identification cards that support wireless technologies such as RFIDs and NFC. In both types, a card reader can read the card information from a distance. Moreover, in NFC cards, the card is integrated with the user's cellular phone. Social networking services (such as Facebook) facilitate online communication and provide a suitable environment for collaboration among students. As a part of future work, the proposed framework is deployed in the authors' university campus to find out the end-end performance and system usability.

Research on the Design and Development of Mobil Identity Authentication

A mobile identity authentication scheme of e-commerce based on proposed to solve the problem that present merchant system's digital certificate carrier is not convenient to carry and specific device can only be used for' specific service. Java-SIM card technology has optimized PKI operations, and supports multiple applets running independently and securely on one card. Using the java-SIM Card to store private key and do digital signature operations, users can conveniently and securely enjoy any merchant's any online transaction service.

Design of a Green Intelligent Building

Follow the principle of sustainable development of green building, in accordance with the "section, energy saving, water saving, material saving, environmental protection" tenet, into the spirit of green energy conservation principle. From the use of reduced building materials, all kinds of resources and non renewable resources, the use of green materials, waste recycling, reducing emissions of pollutants, etc. In the process of implementation, the use of communications technology, control technology, IC card technology, security, integrated wiring technology and system integration technology, to establish a system of community residents, residents of internal communication center, tenants and external social information.

Brief Introduction of the Application of Hard Disk Recovery Cards to Public Computer Lab Management in Higher Vocational Schools

Computer lab management work is trivial and complex with heavy workload. This paper will study the application of the hard disk recovery card technology in public computer labs of higher vocational schools associating with the ‘small sentinel’ hard disk recovery cards used in the computer lab of our department.

Using Telepresence for Real-Time Monitoring of Construction Operations

AbstractThis paper discusses a novel approach related to monitoring construction projects in the field, allowing for site-based personnel to be reduced and expert opinions to be obtained without a physical site presence. The idea involves bonded streaming capability for live video and audio from mobile cameras anywhere on a construction site to team members located off site. True bonded wireless air card technology provides sufficient bandwidth to transmit high-quality video and audio transmissions. Remotely located team members can visually instruct and guide the operator of the portable video camera equipment around the site to accomplish their duties in a telepresent or virtual fashion (e.g., performing remote site safety inspections, progress updates, or quality inspections), thereby saving the time and cost of physical site visits. Numerous case studies using this approach were conducted on a variety of project types, including residential, commercial, and transportation. Results from user feedback i...

Aggregated Metro Trip Patterns in Urban Areas of Hong Kong: Evidence from Automatic Fare Collection Records

AbstractThe automatic fare collection (AFC) system incorporating smart card technology is widely used in transportation systems for revenue management, but the data from this could be mined for wide-ranging applications. This paper used AFC data of eight metro stations in the central area of Hong Kong to analyze metro trip patterns at an aggregate level. Based on the ridership differences between days, time periods, and directed flows, empirical data were categorized into three groups to better understand the station area characteristics. Compared to previous studies, it was found that factors may play varied roles in determining trip quantities for divergent station areas. Shopping and recreational factors demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with metro trips during the afternoon peak at exit flow and the evening peak at entry flow in the commercial districts of Hong Kong, such as Causeway Bay, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Mong Kok. This suggests that the distinctive context characteristics of the...

TRAIN TICKETING SYSTEM USING SMARTCARD

The goal of our project is to attain improved travel information and electronic ticketing using smart cards. The smart cards are similar to that of an ATM, so that they can be recharged and can be reused often. Smart cards are secure portable storage devices used for several applications especially security related ones involving access to the system’s database. This looks into current trends in smart card technology and highlights what is likely to happen in the future. The smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many different applications. The smart cards are user- friendly and so it can be used for Public Transport Networks (PTNs).It can also be noted as a service-oriented architecture. Railways are the important key aspect for the development of the Indian revenue. Many people are in need of train transportation than any other means of transportation because a number of people may travel at the same time. So people may prefer smart cards for the traveling purpose instead of booking the tickets. The existing fare booking system can be replaced by smart cards.

The Design of the Smart Card Attendance System Database

Smart card attendance system using Delphi database development technologies and RF card technology development. Function of each sub-module design includes user login module, attendance information management module , a database management module , a database designed to follow the general principles set forth , and then the database structure design concept .

Calibrating Rail Transit Assignment Models with Genetic Algorithm and Automated Fare Collection Data

AbstractRecently, automated fare collection (AFC) systems using smart card technology have become the main method for collecting urban rail transit (URT) fares in many cities around the world. Transaction data obtained through these AFC systems contain a large amount of archived information including how passengers use the URT system, and thus can be used in calibrating assignment models for precise passenger flow calculation. We present a methodology for calibrating URT assignment models using AFC data. The calibration approach uses a genetic algorithm‐based framework with nonparametric statistical techniques. Three initial numerical tests show that the proposed approach finds more reasonable solutions than traditional approaches for the calibrated parameters. Furthermore, after calibration by the proposed approach, the existing assignment model delivers more accurate calculations of passenger flows in the network.

ASSESSING TECHNOLOGY DIFFERENCES IN ELECTRONIC AND MOBILE PAYMENT SYSTEMS AMONG DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper examines 45 current electronic and mobile payment systems in developed and developing countries. First, each payment technology was assessed and classified as belonging to one of the several major categories consisting of SMS, WAP, USSD, NFC (RFID), Smart Card, Internet and IVR. Then, a technology prevalence matrix drawn from the previous stage was used as an input for sub-sample factor analyses. SMS, IVR and PC-based payment technologies were found to be more prevalent in developing countries, while smart card appeared most popular in developed countries. This contrast suggests that developing countries may have bypassed some established technologies and leapfrogged to mobile EPS instead. Factor analyses were run for each group and the first factor shows some differences in the main pattern of EPS for developing and developed countries. Mobile and PC-based technologies stand out when compared with NFC and smart card technologies for EPS.

Electronic School Absenteeism System for Multiple Disease Surveillance in Hong Kong

Surveillance systems utilizing early indicator of disease activity would be useful for monitoring community disease pattern and facilitating timely decision making on public health interventions in an evidence-based manner. We explored the feasibility and practicability of establishing an electronic school absenteeism surveillance system in Hong Kong for monitoring influenza-like illness (ILI) and other emerging diseases, e.g. hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), using automatically captured data employing smart card technology. Preliminary data show that ILI-specific absenteeism rates reached their peaks 1-3 weeks ahead of the hospital laboratory surveillance data and HFMD-specific absenteeism rates were in phase with syndromic surveillance system from sentinel practitioners.

Selecting e-Purse Smart Card Technology via Fuzzy AHP and ANP

Developments in the information technologies provide important advantages to consumers and companies. Nowadays, smart card technology starts to use e-purse applications. The aim of this paper is to identify the most important decision criteria to select the best card technology. In this study, at first smart card and multiple selection techniques were explained. Then the best card technology was selected for an e-purse application. The three types of card technologies were examined and the most important criteria were taken into account by the software developer while they develop card software. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and analytical network process (ANP) techniques were used to compare smart card technologies.

The contactless business case: How multi-purpose cards ring in new opportunities for the payments industry

As many countries around the world have completed their chip card migration with contact cards, they are now considering ways to leverage the latest in dual-interface technology to support new applications with payment cards. There is the opportunity to capture spend in addition to cash as well as improve consumer preference for bank cards in a ‘top of wallet’ effect. This paper shows examples from Asian and European markets, where contactless pilot projects have been successfully implemented, and discusses why and how the technology could be a next step for the payment industry and could be used in specific markets. The author shows the role of performance, security, interoperability and infrastructural criteria in the implementation process: increasingly multi-purpose card combinations are possible as chip card technology advances, and the performance and security measures have consistently improved. This allows banks to form new types of loyalty programmes to acquire new customers as well as capture new, lower value, regular spend.

Application of contactless card reading technology for eauthentication of voters in Nigeria

This research work is based on introducing a very important aspect of e-electioneering into Nigerian voting system, without changing the existing laws. This is the e-authentication of voters on Election Day before voting, using the contactless card technology. This work using Poisson queuing process that is M/G/S was able to show that application of contactless card reader and scanner technology for e-authentication of voters reduces the expected service time ES from 3 minutes to 0.75 minutes, the length of the queue from 2.25 voters to 0.044 voters and the average waiting time for voters to complete authentication reduced from 12 minutes to 1 minute.

Calibration of Rail Transit Assignment Model with Automated Fare Collection Data and a Parallel Genetic Algorithm

In recent years, cities around the world have begun to use automated fare collection (AFC) systems with smart card technologies as the main method of collecting urban rail transit (URT) fares. Transaction data obtained through these AFC systems contain a large amount of archived information about how passengers use the URT system. These data can be used to calibrate assignment models for precise passenger flow calculations. However, this calibration typically is a computationally intensive problem because of multiroute searches, iteration strategies, and especially massive AFC data sets. This paper proposes a methodology for calibrating URT assignment models with AFC data and a parallel genetic algorithm. The calibration approach uses a framework based on a parallel genetic algorithm with nonparametric statistical techniques, which calibrate assignment model parameters by comparing observed and calculated travel time distributions. In initial case studies on the URT network in Beijing, the proposed approach found reasonable solutions for the calibrated parameters.

An Efficient Smart Card Based Authentication Scheme Using Image Encryption

To date, there are many authentication schemes have been proposed for smart cards. However, when a smart card is stolen or the authentication token is intercepted, most of these schemes will be insecure. In 2012, Chang et al. proposed an authentication scheme for smart card to avoid the aforementioned problem. They combined the smart card and image encryption technology for authentication. However, their scheme has lower quality for the restored image. Hence, we propose two image-encryption schemes in frequency domain. In the first scheme, we scramble the positions of the DCT coefficients. In the second scheme, we scramble the positions of the DCT coefficients; meanwhile, the values of the DCT coefficients are diffused. The experimental results showed that both of our proposed schemes have higher quality of the restored images with low storage.

The Payment Solutions for Campus Card Based on Improved SET Protocol

Currently, the campus card technology has docked with most departments of school, but all campus card payments are contact-based consumptions, in order to adapt to the future development, the solution is proposed that the SET protocol improved was applied to the campus card.

Design of a Carding Machine Modern Main Cylinder

The following paper presents the design of a modern main cylinder in the carding machine with a special bottom with a conical ring. In order to find the optimum dimensions of the cylinder, considering the criterion of minimal deflection, parametric FEM model of the cylinder developed in the ANSYS package has been used. Polak-Ribery conjugate gradient method has been applied for searching the optimal solution. As a result of the performed analyses, reduction of maximum deflection value at approximately 80% has been obtained. Optimal cylinder dimensions enable application of a new textile technology - microfibre carding and improvement in the quality of traditional carding technology of woolen and wool-like fibres.