Card File Research Articles

A word processing-linked FORTRAN data base of journal and book references

A FORTRAN program for the creation and main­ tenance of a direct-access of journal and book refer­ ences is described. References stored in the can be accessed by an access number, an author name, or a key­ word and written to a user-designated runoff file in American Psychological Association (APA) format. Such a data base can be kept as a library of references to be accessed for a bibliography or literature compilation. The problem of maintaining an organized of jour­ nal and book references is common to all researchers. In­ dex card files are often time-consuming to maintain and have become outdated in research laboratories where papers and proposals are typically prepared using word processing systems on a laboratory computer. The pur­ pose of this program is to simplify the task of preparing a paper or proposal by making use of an active data base ofjournal and book references in connection with a word processing system.

A Melanoma Registry based on a computer-run word and data processing system

A Melanoma Register, previously organised on a filing card system, has been largely transferred to a computer which utilises both word and data processing programs. This transfer has revolutionised not only the analytical potential of the material, but the follow up of all patients, both old and new. The system is applicable to many other tumours and diseases.

Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos nepublikuotų bibliografinių priemonių fondas

The development of a subsidiary scientific bibliography is one of the main tasks of a higher school library. Since 1944 planned speciae bibliographical aids have been prepared at the Scientific library of Vilnius university. Their subject matter is determined by the University profile and its scientific and educational objectives. Some of the prepared works are published, the rest remains unpublished and is preserved in the storage collection of the Bibliographical department. Thematic bibliographical aids are also compiled during bibliographical services to the readers by an “order-answer” regime.The collection of unpublished bibliographical aids in the library forms one part of its reference system. The content of the collection is shown by means of alphabetical, subject and personalia card files. Information about newly compiled bibliographical aids is regulary sent to the State library of the Republic. The collection includes 424 bibliographical aids with the total volume of 85 thousand printed positions. There dominate lists and indices from the study of local lore and personalia. Thematic distribution of the collection shows that the aids on humanitarian subjects form the bulk of the collection. The collection includes vast material on Lithuanian history, economic development of Lithuania, its relations with the neighbouring countries, material about different localities and towns. The aim of bibliographical aids an social sciences is to facilitate the fulfilment of students’ education and ideology formation tasks. The collection includes extensive material on the history of science and education in Lithuania, secondary and higher school pedagogics, history of press and librarianship, literature and linguistics, questions of art. There are works on various questions on natural sciences and medicine as well.If larger indices and lists comprise questions on different related subjects, such bibliographical aids are reflected in all the divisions of the card file.The collection of unpublished bibliographical aids has been accumulated for nearly 40 years, so some aids include more recent publications, others include older ones. The bulk of indices and lists iis of a selective character. including works in the Lithuanian, Russian and foreign languages.

Sampling from Card Files

Much of library research involves samples based on card files, yet little attention has been given to the validity of the methods by which cards are selected. This paper describes a number of difficulties that commonly occur when such samples are taken and suggests means of ameliorating these difficulties. Particular attention is given to a sampling technique first suggested by Fussler in 1961; this technique is described and its performance analyzed.

A Research Director's Perspective of the Issue of the Neglect of Churches in Voluntary Action Research

The central thesis of Dr. Smith's paper is affirmed by this respondent, "Contemporary empirical research and theory on voluntary associations as organizations generally ignore religion and religious institutions." However, it is the conclusion of this respondent that Dr. Smith's corollary thesis needs to be expanded to include that research in most areas of sociology pays little or no, attention to) the theory and empirical results of voluntary action research. Due to, the modest documentation of Dr. Smith's literature search, I made a broader and equally unscientific study of a dozen professional journals to which I have subscribed for at least the last decade. My review included: American Journal of Sociology, American Sociological Review, Social Forces, Sociological Quarterly, The Annals, Daedalus, American Behavioral Scientist, Urban Affairs Quarterly, Urban Life, as well as my favorites, Review of Religious Research, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, and Sociological Analysis. Out of more than 15,000 entries in my cross-reference card file, less than 500 directly associate with the religious concerns of voluntary action research (several thousand indirectly relate to general religious concerns). Of this small number, less than 40 are found under the topic "voluntary associations" that reference a journal other than RRR, JSSR or Sociological Analysis. From my perspective as a research director, the best empirical research and theoretical work related to religious organizations in keeping with the traditions of voluntary action research and theory have occurred in these three journals. This is said not to belittle the concerns of Dr. Smith but to underscore the fact (at least as I perceive it) that the primary channels for the dissemination of new sociological insight carry little substantive information regarding the subject of religious organization within the subfield of voluntary associations. Too often when articles do appear they focus on aberrant cults rather than the more typical expressions of organized religion. I must confess that my initial response when I first read the statement that is before this panel was, "So what? Churches are ignored in many other intellectual pursuits too." Then I became very serious about the issue, not because it is inherently critical but because it is representative of three larger issues: (1) the theoretical integrity of our work as religious

THE TECHNICAL REPORTS AUTHORITY FILE

This paper proposes a system for establishing and maintaining a technical reports authority file to aid in the processing of reports in a sci/tech library. Acronyms are established whenever possible; and an authority card is created for each corporate source indicating the formats for report series issued by that source, see-references, and history (where applicable). The paper contains examples of catalog cards, authority file cards and references which would be prepared using this system. An annotated bibliography of sources which should be part of the indexer's library is provided.

Experimental evaluation of an interactive information processing aid for an emergency poison center.

In the recent literature, many studies have addressed the evaluation of the user interface in interactive systems. However, there are few theoretically based methodologies for this purpose. This study is an attempt to develop a methodology for examining the complex division of information processing labor between user and computer. A special concern was the computer-naive user searching for information using a self-teaching system. Our test bed was an emergency poison information center whose functioning depended on fast, accurate processing of patient and antidote data by a nurse. We augmented the nurses' traditional information support--a manual card file and reference books--with an interactive software system which summarized and suggested inferences from data on past successful treatment of patients. Analysis of recordings of user comments and user-system interactions showed that: (1) the support system should be more robust and have more "reasoning" power; and (2) the users' expressed information needs changed after the new support was introduced. From the results, we abstracted elements of an effective naive user-support system division of labor: (1) the support system should "actively" help the user's error recovery; (2) the system should have a sufficient knowledge base to allow "intelligent" conversation about the problem domain; and (3) the support system should allow the user to reconceptualize his information problem as his environment changes. Our method of recording user-system interactions and verbal protocols was time consuming, but did yield significant insight into the user-system division of labor. Also, considering the poison center as a living system, analysis of processing by the nurse and the traditional, the new, or an envisioned information support system showed that a highly dispersed associator and effective internal transducer promoted the functioning of the entire group.

The activities of the Swiss watch industry in the fields of patent information and documentation

The rapid technological evolution has caused an increased demand for patent information in the Swiss watch industry, which is catered for by the Swiss Documentation Centre in the Field of Microtechnology. The Centre maintains a library with a computer terminal for on-line searches, and issues several series of publications; weekly and monthly bulletins; translations of relevant Japanese patent documents and file cards with abstracts of patents on horology issued by the most important countries. The latter amounts to about 2600 cards per year with information on approximately 1000 new inventions. To make retrieval of the cards easier a system of index cards is also maintained.

Methods for Evaluating the Accuracy of Ethnohistorical Demographic Data on North American Indians: A Brief Assessment

With a rising interest in North American Indian ethnohistorical demography, it is essential that data be evaluated for accuracy before they can be used to test hypotheses or make generalizations. This paper considers selected methods of evaluation of the accuracy of total population, sex, and age data which were employed in research on the ethnohistorical demography of the Pima and Maricopa Indians of central Arizona. Some methods, such as testing for the probability of chance occurrence of a sex ratio and cohort survival analysis, were found useful, while other methods, such as Whipple's Index, were found to be of little value. Also considered is the utility of these methods for further studies of Native North American ethnohistorical demography. Among ethnohistorians, there has been an increasing interest in studies of Native North American population, especially since Dobyns's (1966) hemispheric survey. In a card file of publications which am keeping on this subject, have found twenty-two from 1950-1954, forty-four from 1960-1964, and eighty-eight from 1970-1974, a doubling each ten years. This is a welcome reversal from an earlier era, when such studies were not only unfashionable but even a bit unrespectable. Although there were exceptions such as Sherbume F. Cook, earlier population studies that were made often ignored data which investigators knew to exist. This approach is well-exemplified by Pearl Beaglehole (1935:41), who, in presenting some Hopi population data, stated: I have not used the government census material because this, think, is of more than doubtful accuracy. Fortunately, this attitude has changed, and present-day ethnohistorians, whatever their discipline, have realized the tremendous potential for use of population data collected by colonial and national governments. However, in desiring to show results from the analysis of population data, it behooves all ethnohistorical demographers to carefully evaluate the accuracy of their data, lest critics return to the attitude expressed by Beaglehole. All population data are inaccurate to some degree, and for Native North Americans, this degree is usually quite large. Some recent studies have been less than meticulous in evaluating the accuracy of data which are then employed to test hypotheses or make generalizations about demographic history (e.g., Zubrow 1974). With the use of extensive data evaluation techniques, Native American population data can be more successfully employed, or so am convinced from my own work on the historical demography of the Pima and Maricopa Indians of central Arizona from 1846-1974 (Meister 1975, 1976, 1978). ETHNOHISTORY 27/2 (Spring 1980) 153 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.128 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 06:06:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Navajo Health Authority Ethnobotany Project

ABSTRACTThe Navajo Health Authority was given a mandate by the Navajo Tribal Council to gather basic cultural information and integrate it into a health science curricula for the Navajo Nation. Special emphasis was placed on collecting and assembling ethno-botanical information. Most of the information has been collected. Our job now is to put this information into an easily usable format and to disseminate it without violating sacred beliefs. To do this, we are developing an ethnobotany resource card file, a native plant slide collection, school curriculum materials, and an annotated field guide to Reservation plants.

The radiology identification card and charge card: an addressographic radiographic film borrowing system.

We describe a system using an addressograph card and tickler file to facilitate the lending and returning of radiographic jackets, which brings into accountability both the borrower and the lender.

Inventory and selection techniques for large unorganized collections

Librarians at Miami University Libraries were faced with the purchase of 100,000 volumes of assorted books and devised a means of organizing the collection for selection purposes. Using microfilming techniques, the librarians created an inventory card file of alphabetically arranged title pages. This file was designed primarily to provide access to the collection and secondarily to be used as a basic selection tool.

Tradition and Innovation: An Introduction to the Prose Theory and Practice of Arno Schmidt

Writing this introduction to the work of Arno Schmidt is as paradoxical as the subject himself: a writer who is less well known--even among German readers-than he deserves, while at the same time he has provoked more attention, or notoriety, than his Salinger-like posture as hermit-in-residence of Bargfeld (a banal small village in the Liineburg Heath) would seem to allow. Indeed, this author lives an existence monomanically devoted to reading-voraciously and widely -and to writing. The latter always reflects the former: the fruits of his reading are compressed and left to ferment in vats, that is to say, in his famous card files, or Zettelkiisten. Starting with Zettels Traum (1970), that enormous hybrid, Schmidt has been bottling the distilled product in the form of typescripts published photomechanically and unadulterated by editing. It is a blend of life and letters, literally distilled aqua vitae, admittedly heady stuff, even unpalatable for many a tongue.

LEXICO: A system for lexicographic processing

LEXICO is an interactive system which assists lexicographers in storing, editing, and concording texts; lemmatizing word lists; and generating slips. A slip is equivalent to a file card and contains a single word from a text, and its lemma, context, and source. From a file of such slips (sometimes running into the millions), plus supportive reference materials and word studies, dictionary editors compile entries for a dictionary. The system, developed originally as a research tool for exploring different approaches to man-machine integration in lexical processing, has now been implemented as a user system at the Madison Academic Computing Center, University of Wisconsin. Recent applications of the system include studies of style in Modern French literature and text processing for the Dictionary of Old English. The present article presents a sampling of the capabilities of LEXICO, with emphasis on interaction techniques and user aids.

By way of introduction

There is a new feature for arithmetic teachers in this month's Arithmetic Teacher. “From the File' provides, for the files of teachers, teaching ideas that have been used with good results by other teachers. Each idea is presented in the format of a 10-cm-by-15-cm card, which can be cut out and pasted to a standard file card for ready filing. (If you don't want to cut up your copy of the Arithmetic Teacher, find a good photocopying machine and make a copy of the page, then cut the photocopy.) The ideas will be classified in broad categories—problem solving, computation, geometry, measurement, and so on. They will be varied in content, including activities, projects, games, and interesting problems. The individual who has submitted the idea will be identified, by name and school, in each case.

A Random Access System Adapted for the Optical Videodisc: Its Impact on Information Retrieval

A fast random-access picture memory employing an optical videodisc player is described. It can access one picture among 40,000 in a few seconds. In operation, numerical identification labels that are inserted for each frame are detected with a digital device. The picture-memory system is compatible with a data broadcasting system developed by the French Posts and Telecommunications Ministry and tested on the networks of Télédiffusion de France. Time-division multiplexing and BCD encoding are used to impose the digital information on the blanking-interval part of the television signal on the videodisc. Five features of the system — freeze-frame operation, electronic addressing, fast random accessing, interspersing of motion and still sequences, and association of pictures through their address codes — permit the creation of new audiovisual presentation methods with individualized and interactive applications. Numerous applications are possible, especially in industry (decentralized parts catalogs and card files) and education (individualized, interactive learning with branching lesson plans).

UNITED STATES DOCUMENTS IN AN ON-LINE UNION CATALOG

This paper describes use of the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) on-line union calolog and its check-in subsystem in a pilot project centering on the United States documents collection in a large university library. The project extended from the fall of 1974 through July 1976. In August 1976 it became apparent that the process and its product were no longer "experimental" or a "project" but had become part of the library's normal operation, accepted by staff and by users. Activities covered are destined to evolve with expanding capabilities of OCLC, and will certainly be dependent upon the new MARC format, Monthly Catalog. Nevertheless, at this time, a large, viable collection of depository and nondepository items, many timely, are processed and on the shelf, available immediately through the public service terminals by entry and title, and are used by patrons with no access to card files relating to these materials.

Official Publications in the British Library Reference Division - A Microfilm Supplement to the General Catalogue

Although the Official Publications Library of the British Library Reference Division contains the most extensive collection in Europe of British and foreign official publications, much of the foreign material has not been fully catalogued find has hitherto only been known to readers consulting a temporary catalogue card file in the Official Publications Library.To help to overcome this difficulty and to make this invaluable body of material more widely known, the Library is issuing a microfilm of the unedited cards. It supplements in provisional form the corpus of official publications already included in the General Catalogue of Printed Books.The time required to correct, expand and amend entries and headings is so considerable that this microfilm, with all its many imperfections and shortcomings, appears the only alternative to prolonging for many years the lack of any sort of published catalogue record of most of these holdings.

Components of Facial Attractiveness

Terry and Brady (1 ) reported that the relative contribution of a facial component to female undergraduates' self-ratings of their over-all facial attractiveness varied with the type of visual corrective worn. Averaging across this variable, the oral region was the most influential component, followed in order by the eyes, hair, nose, and facial structure (shape and complexion). However, since this order was generated by selfratings, a judge's ratings of the attractiveness of her several components were likely to have been contaminated by each other. A better estimate of the relative influence of a component in over-all facial attractiveness would be afforded from judges' ratings of isolated components of other persons' faces. Subjects, 25 male and 25 female Caucasian undergraduates, were shown two-color, 4X G-in. portrait photographs of 5 males and 5 females of che same race and approximate age as the subjects. One photograph of each pair was removed from its background and glued to a neutral grey file card. The other pair member was dissected into the separate facial components, viz . , mouth, eyes, hair, nose, and facial structure, which were pasted onto similar file cards and coded on the reverse side to permit later matching. The deck of 60 stimuli was presented to the subjects in a shuffled order and subjects checked an appropriate level of a 10-point scale on which 1 represented the lowest level of attractiveness and represented the highest level. Each subject's 10 over-all ratings of attractiveness were correlated with his ratings of the respective components. The higher a coefficient, the more important a component was assumed to be in determining a given subject's rating of over-all attractiveness; hence, the sign or direction of a relationship was ignored. The absolute values of these correlations were then transformed to zs, and an analysis of variance, sex of subject (rnale/female) X component (mouth/eyes/hair/ nose/facial structure), was computed. The F ratios for the sex of subject and the interaction were less than 1.00, whereas the components were significant (F = 5.53, df = 4/192, p < .01). Transforming the average zs back to ss resulted in the following order of importance for the components: mouth ( r = .53), eyes ( r = .44), structure ( r = .43), hair ( r = . 3 4 ) , and nose (s = .31). Except for facial structure, this is precisely the order obtained by averaging Terry and Brady's (1) results. However, facial structure in that study explicitly referred to complexion and shape, whereas here structure was all that remained of the face when the other components were removed. Therefore, this component was not treated comparably in the two studies. This study replicates and extends Terry and Brady's by demonstrating that their order can be generated by perceptions of the isolated components of other persons' faces as well as by self-perceptions.

A Method for Implementing Microprocessor-Controlled Systems

Techniques for both hardware and software development of microprocessor systems are discussed. A crossassembler, written for execution on a 16-bit control computer, is used to assemble programs and produce binary output tapes for programming read-only memories. A modular 8-bit microprocessor system has been developed that includes a bus-oriented card file and a group of analog and digital I/O interface cards. This has proved to be a flexible and inexpensive method of implementing a variety of one-of-a-kind microprocessor applications in a laboratory environment.