Card Emulation Mode Research Articles

NFC – Blockchain as a Secure Solution

Near Field Communication (NFC) has remained as attractive from many years for customers as trendy for portable devices. Its utilization is growing day by way of day by fast pace as expand in the accessibility of the NFC enabled devices in the marketplace. It is developed for the integration with handy mo-biles, which could communicate with each other mobiles or read information on tags and cards. NFC device can also be used in card emulation mode, to provide flexibility with contactless smart card devices. This is very affective in allowing NFC enabled smart-phones to exchange typical contactless plastic playing cards used in public transport, get entry to control, ATMs and different comparable applications. The most pertinent concern would be that how a good deal inclined the new technological know-how is and it is evaluated to many susceptible types of out-breaks. This research provides solution to this hassle using blockchain technology.

Smart health record management with secure NFC-enabled mobile devices

Abstract Patients with dispersed health records face the challenge of accessing readily available health history and mobility across different hospitals. It can hinder timely diagnosis and treatment, especially in the case of an emergency or for travellers. Cloud-based solutions have open challenges of interoperability and integration, higher challenges for security and privacy and may lack 24/7 support for the high availability of health history. Existing portable systems store limited health information for only a specific hospital and do not support mobility of patients across different hospitals. In this paper, we propose a next-generation portable Smart Health Record Management system with secure Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled mobile devices to retain the dispersed health records on an S-MAPLE (Secure Mobility-Assisted PortabLE) health folder. It provides secure yet easy access to up to date health history and assists patient mobility across hospitals. An NFC-based Host Card Emulation (HCE) mode maintains a software-based contactless mobile-based health wallet on the patient׳s mobile device. An authorized medical professional can access it directly and selectively with their mobile devices, over low energy wireless interfaces of NFC and Bluetooth. NFC provides secure proof-of-locality and ease of access. A tamper-resistant storage Secure Element (SE), end-to-end mutual authentication with attestation scheme, variant of the Ciphertext-policy Attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) scheme and backup on a secure digital vault further secure the S-MAPLE health folder. We present the system requirements, system architecture and security requirements with a brief overview of the security solutions for the proposed health system. The implementation and performance of the system prototype using mid-range Android-based mobile devices has acceptable results.

NFC Secure Element-Based Mutual Authentication and Attestation for IoT Access

Certain resourceful and powered Internet of Things (IoT) can become victims to launch cyber attacks. Near field communication (NFC) can be used for their secure on-demand access. In this paper, we present a novel framework for the NFC secure element (SE)-based mutual authentication and attestation for IoT access with a user device such as a mobile device using NFC-based Host Card Emulation (HCE) mode for the first time. HCE is robust as compared to the other NFC modes. A cloud-based Trusted Certified Authority (TCA) manages all cryptographic credentials and stores them in the tamper-resistant SE and Trusted Platform Module (TPM)-based attestation modules on the devices. It uses a newly proposed NFC SE-based mutual authentication and attestation (NSE-AA) protocol for proof-of-locality, end-to-end anonymous mutual authentication between the SEs and an associated remote attestation for trust. The protocol is robust and lightweight as compared to the existing schemes. We provide its informal and formal security analysis using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model. A simulation on the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool proves its safety. We also briefly present the details of a prototype with a commercial mid-range priced mobile device and Single Board Computer (SBC)-based IoT device.

NFC Loop Antenna in Conjunction With the Lower Section of a Metal Cover

This letter proposes a near-field communication (NFC) antenna for smartphones with a metal cover that includes an embedded narrow slot, therein splitting the metal cover into upper and lower sections. The proposed NFC antenna is a simple loop structure that is formed by incorporating a three-dimensional coupling strip with the upper edge of the metal cover in the lower section. Because this antenna structure can substantially reduce the eddy current, excellent inductive coupling can be achieved through the clearance zone of the narrow slot. The proposed NFC antenna is relatively thin and achieves excellent performance in the read/write mode. Furthermore, in the card emulation mode verified by Europay, MasterCard, and Visa test, it even surpasses the performance of certain other NFC antennas in smartphones with non-metal covers.

Anti-Collision Protocol for Coexistence of RFID and NFC P2P Communications

The near field communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless communication technology operating at 13.56 MHz. A pair of NFC devices may operate in the peer-to-peer (P2P) mode to exchange data securely. Since the frequency of both the existing radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and NFC devices is 13.56 MHz, a collision may occur in an environment where pairs of NFC devices coexist within the identification range of an RFID system. In this letter, we propose an anti-collision protocol in the coexistence environment where the NFC device in the P2P communication mode is interfered by an RFID system. In the proposed protocol, if the channel is already occupied or a collision is detected, an NFC initiator device switches its operating mode to the card emulation mode. Since the card emulation mode is compatible with the existing RFID standard, an RFID reader can recognize the presence of the NFC initiator device and allocates a slot for the P2P communications of the pairs of NFC devices. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed protocol experiences less NFC delay than the legacy protocol.

A Tokenization-Based Communication Architecture for HCE-Enabled NFC Services

Following the announcement of Host Card Emulation (HCE) technology, card emulation mode based Near Field Communication (NFC) services have gained further appreciation as an enabler of the Cloud-based Secure Element (SE) concept. A comprehensive and complete architecture with a centralized and feasible business model for diverse HCE-based NFC services will be highly appreciated, particularly by Service Providers and users. To satisfy the need in this new emerging research area, a Tokenization-based communication architecture for HCE-based NFC services is presented in this paper. Our architecture proposes Two-Phased Tokenization to enable the identity management of both user and Service Provider. NFC Smartphone users can store, manage, and make use of their sensitive data on the Cloud for NFC services; Service Providers can also provide diverse card emulation NFC services easily through the proposed architecture. In this paper, we initially present the Two-Phased Tokenization model and then validate the proposed architecture by providing a case study on access control. We further evaluate the usability aspect in terms of an authentication scheme. We then discuss the ecosystem and business model comprised of the proposed architecture and emphasize the contributions to ecosystem actors. Finally, suggestions are provided for data protection in transit and at rest.

Emulation of Multi-application Contactless Smartcard in Near Field Communication Enabled Smart Phones

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology used to transmit data between two devices. In order to transmit data, NFC has three working modes. The card emulation mode has the greatest potential because it allows a smart phone to emulate passive NFC tags and contactless smart cards. Hence, it enables a smart phone to instantly share data with an NFCenabled by a single tap on the NFC reader. Major applications of the card emulation mode include financial transactions such as purchasing a ticket at bus stop or a cinema hall, etc., so a secure storage space is required to locally store the data. The card emulation mode utilizes a Secure Element (SE) for the secure storage of data, and has no provisions for third party developers to write on this storage. This paper discusses the challenges of implementing card emulation in the Android Operating System for smart phones. Furthermore, emulation of a smart card defined by ISO 7816-4 for multiple application scenarios is discussed. The paper will go into detail regarding the implementation of card emulation mode and how it can help third party applications to read and write to and from SE while maintaining reasonable security. KeywordsNear Field Communication; Secure Element; Smart Card; Software Card Emulation; Two-way Communication; Short Range Wireless Communication

Neue Herausforderungen in der Netzsicherheit

Near Field Communication (NFC) based applications seem to be appealing in a world where everything moves away from plastic and contact based services. This project gives an overview on NFC and its implementation in mobile phones together with SIM based security features. Furthermore it presents mobile payment as one example of a SIM secured NFC based application on mobile phones, presents its architectures and concludes with some challenges that still need to be solved. 1 Near Field Communication Near Field Communication (NFC) is an international standard to transmit over very short distances (usually about 4cm). It supports three modes of communication: 1. Card Emulation: This mode is supposed to replace existing contactless applications like boarding passes, credit and debit cards, and public transport ticket. 2. Tag Reading: Location based services are a genuine application for tag reading based NFC. A tag will be shown at several location like on an ad. A reader such as an NFC based mobile phone is able read that tag and trigger an application or service (for instance access the mobile web page associated with that ad). 3. Peer to Peer: As the name suggests, the peer-to-peer mode allows to equal NFC endpoints to communicate and securely transfer content and data. The Nokia 5140 was the first mobile phones that came with an NFC reader [1]. Today, the most popular device with NFC is probably the Samsung Nexus S [2]. For the remainder of this paper, card emulation mode is assumed.