Carcinogenic Properties Research Articles

Determination of PAH Contamination in Breast Milk Samples from Hungarian Volunteering Mothers, Using HPLC–FLD

(1) The evidence is mounting that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of hazardous organic compounds with established carcinogenic and toxic properties. Humans may be exposed to PAHs through several different routes, including diet, inhalation, and dermal contact. There is also a possibility that they could transfer into breast milk following maternal exposure, which could potentially endanger breastfeeding infants. (2) The objective of this study was to ascertain the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in breast milk samples from 50 Hungarian mothers, employing high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD). An Incremental Life Risk Calculation (IRCL) model estimated the carcinogenic risk to infants. (3) Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0 to 78 ng/mL, with fluorene (5.3 ng/mL), phenanthrene (3.2 ng/mL), and pyrene (2.5 ng/mL) being the most abundant. PAHs were detected in 48 of the 50 samples, with phenanthrene present in 92% of samples. Dibenzo (a,h)anthracene was not detected. (4) According to the model measurements, most of the samples were within acceptable risk levels; however, 2 samples out of 50 posed a higher risk. Statistical analysis of questionnaires completed by the mothers indicated that factors such as diet, residence, and education may influence PAH levels in breast milk.

In-situ and ex-situ preparation of Bi2S3 on the BiVO4/TiO2 to construct Bi2S3/BiVO4/TiO2 heterojunction for efficient Cr(VI) reduction

The environmentally friendly and rapid removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater has garnered significant attention, driven by the severe acute toxicity and carcinogenic properties associated with Cr(VI). The design and synthesis of heterojunctions are recognized as effective solutions for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 based materials. BiVO4/TiO2 and Bi2S3/BiVO4/TiO2 composite films (BVT) were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The influence of Bi2S3 preparation methods (In-situ and Ex-situ) on the morphology, structure and properties of BVT was studied. The relative crystallinity of TiO2, BiVO4/TiO2, BVT(In-situ) and BVT(Ex-situ) were 50 %, 62 %, 72 % and 92 %, respectively. SEM shows that the morphology of Bi2S3 in BVT(In-situ) was nanoribbon and that of Bi2S3 in BVT(Ex-situ) was radioactive sphere. Compared with pure TiO2 and BiVO4/TiO2, the light absorption range of BVT composite material has been expanded from the ultraviolet light region to the visible region, the bandgap has been significantly narrowed, and the photocurrent density has been increased. The BVT(In-situ) shows stronger photoelectrical performance and reduction efficiency of Cr (VI) compared to BVT(Ex-situ), reaching 93.9 %. The photocatalytic reaction rate of BVT(In-situ) and BVT(Ex-situ) are 0.0291 min−1 and 0.0266 min−1, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the work function of BiVO4 is higher than that of Bi2S3, and electrons will transfer from Bi2S3 to BiVO4 at the heterojunction interface. The BVT(In-situ) heterojunction constructed in this experiment greatly improves the separation and transport efficiency of photo-generated carriers, laying the foundation for the wide application of BVT heterojunction in the field of optoelectronics and providing a strategy for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The BVT(In-situ) with FTO conductive glass, it also can be applied to photovoltaic fields such as solar cells, photocatalysis and photodetectors.

Enhanced selective detection of Sudan III dye in cosmetics utilizing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) combined with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)

Sudan III, a commonly used dye in cosmetics, poses health risks due to its potential carcinogenicity and allergenic properties, necessitating rigorous monitoring of its illegal presence in consumer goods. In this study, a novel fluorometric assay employing Nitrogen-doped Carbon Quantum Dots coated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (NCQDs/SiO2@MIP) is presented to accurately and sensitively detect Sudan III. Unlike other majority analytes, Sudan III shows fluorescence enhancement upon binding with our NCQDs-MIPs. Under optimal conditions—pH 7.0, histidine buffer, 15 min incubation, and 500 mg/L NCQDs/SiO2@MIP—the method achieves a low 1.4 nM (0.49 ppb) detection limit and a broad linear range (5–800 nM). With precision (RSD < 5 %) and selectivity surpassing Sudan dyes and common cosmetic ingredients, the method’s reliability is evident. Cross-validation against LC-MS/MS confirms the accuracy of Sudan III quantification in real cosmetic samples. This NCQDs/SiO2@MIP fluorometric sensor holds promise for rapid on-site detection of Sudan III and other contaminants in cosmetics, offering superior sensitivity, selectivity, and minimal sample preparation requirements.

An impedimetric determination of zearalenone on MIP-modified carboceramic electrode

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that poses significant risks to human and animal health due to its mutagenic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic properties. This study presents a novel analytical method for detecting ZEN using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) combined with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). ZEN, used as the template molecule, was incorporated into polypyrrole on screen-printed electrodes (SPE), and a ZEN-sensitive MIP sensor was created through template removal. The modified sensor surfaces were characterized by EIS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An impedimetric MIP sensor for ZEN was developed, offering a detection range from 1 pM to 500 pM. The method's limit of detection (LOD) was established at 1 pM (0.3 pg/mL) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3). The method demonstrated high precision and accuracy, with a maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4.4% at a 95% confidence level, and relative error (RE) values ranging from −0.8% to −2.7%. The selectivity of the developed MIP sensor was evaluated using ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, and aflatoxin B1, with no significant interference observed. ZEN recovery from spiked samples was between 95% and 105%, indicating that the method was successfully applied to grain samples, including corn, rice, and wheat.

Simple and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Sunset Yellow Detection Based on Co3O4/g‐C3N4 Nanocomposite Modified Gold Electrode

AbstractSunset Yellow (SY) is an azo dye used in various food and pharmaceutical industries that deserves special attention because of its allergic and carcinogenic properties. Recently, electrochemical techniques have come to the spotlight because of their high sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity as compared to other techniques. In this work, we have developed a cost‐effective and stable electrochemical sensor by a simple method using Vitamin B12‐derived cobalt oxide coupled with g‐C3N4 (V12‐CoO/gCN) modified Au electrode. The composite prepared for the sensor was characterized using techniques such as FTIR, Powder XRD, SEM analysis, EDAX, and mapping. For electrochemical sensing of the dye Sunset Yellow, CV, DPV, and LSV techniques have been used, out of which DPV shows a better detection limit of 1.39 nM followed by LSV and CV that displayed detection limits of 3.3 nM and 4.14 nM respectively. When 5 real samples obtained from the local market are analyzed using the DPV technique, the detection limit is obtained in the range between 2.1 nM and 6.9 nM. This method leads to the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Sunset Yellow to get a lower detection limit that can be used in food toxicology and related fields.

Determination of multiple restricted and prohibited ingredients in hair dyes using a novel 3D stationary phase coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Hair dyes (HDs) are mainly composed of various benzene series, amines, and phenolic compounds. These ingredients are well known to have allergenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. As such, the presence of these ingredients in HDs has received increased attention in recent years. At present, the applications of traditional analytical and detection methods and commercial chromatographic columns are limited by problems such as poor qualitative analysis and inaccurate quantification. Thus, the development of new analytical and detection technologies and stationary phases is an urgent endeavor. Moreover, HDs contain complex compounds and exhibit significant matrix interference. Hence, appropriate sample pretreatment methods are necessary to analyze HDs. In this study, the 3D nonpolar rigid structure of triptycene (TP) was combined with the polar flexible chains of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to design and synthesize a TP derivative, TP-PEG, as a stationary phase for chromatographic columns. The stationary phase enabled the expansion of the selection range for polar and nonpolar analytes. Subsequently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantitatively analyze 22 ingredients in HDs. The experimental results demonstrated that analytes with different polarities exhibited sharp and symmetrical peak shapes on the stationary phase, and all 22 analytes achieved baseline separation on the chromatographic column. The 22 ingredients in HDs showed good linear relationships within their respective ranges, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9985. The average recovery rates at three spiked levels were in the range of 89.2%-103.2%, and RSDs were less than 5%. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method has higher efficiency and better accuracy, thus verifying the excellent separation performance of the new stationary phase and the effectiveness of the established GC-MS detection method. The findings indicated the applicability of the developed method to the detection and analysis of various compounds in HDs.

Exploration of the role of Hibiscus esculentus (okra) mucilage for the removal of phenothiazinium dyes from water body: Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modeling study

Environmental pollution poses a major problem now a day. Several dyes, in the form of industrial waste, pollute water body and may cause adverse effects to human health. In this paper ADME and toxicity of fives Phenothiazinium group of dyes Methylene blue (MB), Azure A (AA), Azure B (AB), Azure C (AC) and Toluidine Blue O (TBO) were predicted using Swiss ADME and Protox II tools. Results showed these dyes may herm for living organism due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and hepatotoxic properties. Removal efficiency of these dyes using okra plant product were determined using spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modeling study. It was revealed that these dyes adsorb on the surface of okra leaf mostly at pH 7.0 and the adsorption isotherms were found to fit in Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, while Temkin model fails to do this. Mucilage present in different parts of okra plant plays a significant role on removal of these dyes and is able to remove near about 71–92 % of dyes from water body by itself. As this process did not fit in any of above said adsorption isotherm model, it may be suggested that some other mechanism may happen. Further studies explore that these dyes bound to the hydrophobic pocket of mucilage with binding affinity in the order of 105 M−1 and the bindings were exothermic in nature with enthalpy change in the range of − 2.94 to − 4.28 kcal/mole. Molecular docking study validate all the experimental results obtained from spectroscopic and thermodynamic study and enlighten the role of structure of dyes on their binding affinity to mucilage. This paper will help to systematically understand the role of okra plant products on removal efficiency of Phenothiazinium group of dyes with their structural variations.

A novel fast analytical method for the determination of N-nitroso vonoprazan in vonoprazan tablets and raw materials using LC-ESI-MS/MS

ABSTRACT The presence of N-nitrosamine contaminants in pharmaceuticals, particularly N-nitroso vonoprazan (NVP), poses significant health risks due to their genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. This study describes a novel, rapid analytical method for detecting and quantifying NVP in vonoprazan tablets and raw materials. The NVP was separated and quantified using an LC-ESI-MS/MS system with ESI ionisation and an Exion LC Sciex 5500-QTrap. The system utilised an ACE 3 C18-PFP column with dimensions of 4.6 mm × 150 mm and 3.0 µm. It achieved a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9955) and met linearity and accuracy criteria. The method was developed and validated using ICH guidelines and against standard solutions, and it demonstrated high precision, accuracy, and specificity. The method validation results showed that the quantification is accurate, with an RSD of less than 10% and LOD and LOQ values of 0.5 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The analysis of 150 vonoprazan tablets and 100 raw material samples revealed low levels of NVP, mostly falling below the FDA’s Acceptable Daily Intake limit of 96 ng/day. This novel approach provides a powerful and dependable tool for ensuring the safety and quality of vonoprazan-based pharmaceuticals.

Gut microbiota drives colon cancer risk associated with diet: a comparative analysis of meat-based and pesco-vegetarian diets

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) risk is strongly affected by dietary habits with red and processed meat increasing risk, and foods rich in dietary fibres considered protective. Dietary habits also shape gut microbiota, but the role of the combination between diet, the gut microbiota, and the metabolite profile on CRC risk is still missing an unequivocal characterisation.MethodsTo investigate how gut microbiota affects diet-associated CRC risk, we fed Apc-mutated PIRC rats and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats the following diets: a high-risk red/processed meat-based diet (MBD), a normalised risk diet (MBD with α-tocopherol, MBDT), a low-risk pesco-vegetarian diet (PVD), and control diet. We then conducted faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from PIRC rats to germ-free rats treated with AOM and fed a standard diet for 3 months. We analysed multiple tumour markers and assessed the variations in the faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing together with targeted- and untargeted-metabolomics analyses.ResultsIn both animal models, the PVD group exhibited significantly lower colon tumorigenesis than the MBD ones, consistent with various CRC biomarkers. Faecal microbiota and its metabolites also revealed significant diet-dependent profiles. Intriguingly, when faeces from PIRC rats fed these diets were transplanted into germ-free rats, those transplanted with MBD faeces developed a higher number of preneoplastic lesions together with distinctive diet-related bacterial and metabolic profiles. PVD determines a selection of nine taxonomic markers mainly belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae families exclusively associated with at least two different animal models, and within these, four taxonomic markers were shared across all the three animal models. An inverse correlation between nonconjugated bile acids and bacterial genera mainly belonging to the Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae families (representative of the PVD group) was present, suggesting a potential mechanism of action for the protective effect of these genera against CRC.ConclusionsThese results highlight the protective effects of PVD while reaffirming the carcinogenic properties of MBD diets. In germ-free rats, FMT induced changes reminiscent of dietary effects, including heightened preneoplastic lesions in MBD rats and the transmission of specific diet-related bacterial and metabolic profiles. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that diet-associated cancer risk can be transferred with faeces, establishing gut microbiota as a determinant of diet-associated CRC risk. Therefore, this study marks the pioneering demonstration of faecal transfer as a means of conveying diet-related cancer risk, firmly establishing the gut microbiota as a pivotal factor in diet-associated CRC susceptibility.6mA3tL1nA724D7oE9_suJhVideo

Role of GA, AG and R in Structure-Property Modelling

Molecular descriptors are essential tools that bridge the gap between chemical structures and their properties. Among these, the Randić index (R), geometric-arithmetic index (GA), and arithmetic-geometric index (AG) are well-established. However, the relationships between these descriptors, particularly the gaps GA − R and AG − R , have not been extensively explored. This study investigates the impact of these descriptor gaps on chemical graph theory. Our findings reveal that the differences GA − R and AG − R provide unique insights into the structure-property modeling of molecules, particularly outperforming AG, GA, R, and other known descriptors for alkanes. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are organic molecules composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. PACs are of significant environmental concern due to their persistence and potential toxicity, including carcinogenic properties. The effectiveness of GA − R and AG − R is observed to be strong in structure-property modeling for some polycyclic aromatic compounds. Additionally, GA − R and AG − R are recognized as important descriptors for various pharmaceutical compounds employed in treating malignant diseases.

Association between aromatic amines and serum neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of neural damage: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.

Aromatic amines (AAs) are a group of compounds widely found in chemical industry, tobacco smoke, and during food processing, with established carcinogenic properties. To date, there have been no reports on the potential neurotoxic effects of adult exposure to AAs. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a protein released into the bloodstream following nerve axon injury and has been validated as a reliable biomarker for various neurological diseases. However, there has been no research to investigate the relationship between AAs exposure and sNfL. In this study, we selected adults (aged ≥20 years) with data on both AAs and sNfL from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2013-2014. We used multivariable linear regression models to explore the correlation between urinary AAs and sNfL. In total, 510 adult participants with an average age of 43.58 ± 14.74 years were included in the study. Our findings indicate that, based on univariate linear regression and between-group comparative analyses, 1-Aminonaphthalene (1-AN), 2-Aminonaphthalene (2-AN), 4-Aminobiphenyl (4-AN) and o-Anisidine (o-ANI) showed a positive correlation with serum neurofilament light chain (P < 0.05). However, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only 2-AN exhibited a positive correlation with serum neurofilament light chain (P < 0.05), while the correlations of other compounds with serum neurofilament light chain became non-significant. Although our cross-sectional study fails to establish causal relationships or determine clinical significance, the findings indicate a potential association between adult exposure to AAs, notably 2-AN, and nerve damage. Consequently, further research is needed to explore the connection between AAs exposure, sNfL, and neurological conditions in adults.

Role of calcium salts in modulating benzo[a]pyrene levels in barbecued pork sausages: A study on quality attributes and safety

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), known for its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, is a marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of partially replacing sodium chloride with different calcium salts (calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, and calcium lactate) on BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages. The results revealed that all four calcium salts inhibited BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages (P < 0.05). Specifically, calcium gluconate showed the most significant effect on BaP inhibition, with an inhibition rate of 61.82 %. Furthermore, calcium salts were found to inhibit lipid oxidation in barbecued pork sausages while promoting the Maillard reaction. Further validation experiments used resveratrol and sodium sulfite as lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction inhibitors, respectively. These results indicated that lipid oxidation is the primary pathway for BaP production in barbecued pork sausage and that the addition of calcium salts can effectively block this process.

DFT theoretical analysis, experimental approach, and RSM process to understand the congo red adsorption mechanism on Chitosan@Graphene oxide beads

The presence of Congo red in wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties. As a synthetic azo dye commonly used in the textile industry, Congo red is resistant to degradation, leading to persistent contamination in water bodies. The study focused on evaluating the efficacy of novel composite beads made from chitosan and graphene oxide as adsorbents for eliminating Congo Red from water solutions. It systematically examined various experimental factors including initial concentration, pH levels, mass of adsorbent, contact duration, and temperature, aiming to optimize the adsorption process. The composite chitosan graphene oxide beads were analyzed using several techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for specific surface area determination. The study involved extracting chitosan from shrimp shells and synthesizing graphene oxide from graphite using the Hummers method to enhance Congo Red adsorption efficiency. Comprehensive analysis of the composite beads assessed their physical and functional properties using various techniques. X-ray diffraction and infrared analysis identified their adsorption capabilities, while SEM and BET analysis characterized the porous surface structure of the beads. Maximum adsorption efficiency of 169.49 mg/g was achieved with an adsorbent mass of 0.05 g at pH 3. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic process following pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The high regression coefficient R 2=0.9953 indicates the strong validity of employing Response Surface Methodology combined with the Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) for accurately predicting the percentage of CR removal through adsorption. Theoretical Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis elucidated interactions between Congo Red and the reactive sites within the chitosan/graphene oxide beads, providing insights into the adsorption mechanism.

The influence of acid treatment on the adsorption‑structural characteristics of filtering materials created based on steelmaking slag

Many industrial enterprises use electroplating processes that lead to the formation of water containing heavy metal ions such as chromium, copper, zinc, nickel, and others. Such water is a dangerous source of environmental pollution. Most heavy metal ions belong to hazard classes I–II, they have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and have a cumulative effect.The literature analysis showed that there is positive experience in the use of steelmaking slags in the processes of cleaning contaminated water of various origins from heavy metals.The study examines the effect of acid activation on the adsorption‑structural characteristics of filtering materials created based on steelmaking slag. It is shown that during the interaction of some acids with slag, new crystallographic phases are formedon its surface, and contact with other acids leads to the leaching of ions and their transition to the aqueous phase. It has been established that during acid activation, the specific surface area increases by 57–132 times compared to the original material.

HnRNP H controls alternative splicing of human papillomavirus type 16 E1, E6, E7, and E6^E7 mRNAs via GGG motifs.

The mRNAs encoding the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 oncogene mRNAs are subjected to extensive alternative RNA splicing at multiple regulated splice sites. One of the most extensively used 5'-splice sites in the HPV16 genome is named SD880 and is located immediately downstream of the E7 open reading frame. Here, we show that a cluster of three GGG-motifs adjacent to HPV16 SD880 interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H that cooperates with SD880 to stimulate splicing to the upstream HPV16 3'-splice site SA742. This splice site is located in the E7 coding region and is required for the production of the HPV16 226^742 mRNA that encodes the E6^E7 fusion protein. Enhancement of HPV16 E6^E7 mRNA production by hnRNP H occurred at the expense of the intron-retained E6 mRNAs and the spliced E7 mRNAs, demonstrating that hnRNP H controls the relative levels of E6, E7, and E6^E7 proteins. Unexpectedly, overexpression of hnRNP H also promoted retention of the downstream E1 encoding intron and enhanced E1 protein production. We concluded that hnRNP H plays an important role in the HPV16 gene expression program.IMPORTANCEHere, we show that hnRNP H binds to multiple GGG-motifs downstream of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) splice site SD880 and acts in concert with SD880 to promote expression of the HPV16 E6^E7 mRNA. The E6^E7 protein has been shown previously to stabilize the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins and may as such contribute to the carcinogenic properties of HPV16. In its capacity of major regulator of HPV16 oncogene expression, hnRNP H may be exploited as a target for antiviral drugs to HPV16.

Use of pseudomonas fluorecens isolated from the Serra de Ouro Branco State Park/Minas Gerais - Brazil in the biodegradation of residual automotive lubricating oils

About 2% of the oil consumed worldwide is related to the production of automotive and industrial lubricating oils. The pollution derived from these oils in aquatic and terrestrial environments is responsible for several ecological and social problems due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. Thus, studies related to bioremediation are of importance, and the use of biological treatments, such as biodegradation, is a viable and effective alternative for the treatment of these compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the biodegradation performance of residual automotive lubricating oils using the lipases Pseudomonas fluorecens obtained in bioprospecting carried out in the Serra do Ouro Branco State Park, Minas Gerais. Through the colorimetric method using the redox indicator 2.6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), the biodegradability of residual oils was monitored. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the selected bacteria, since they degraded approximately 61.74 to 83.8 % of the waste studied.

Phycoremediation: a path towards heavy metal bioremediation from wastewater

AbstractHeavy metals (HMs) have emerged as a significant and complex water pollution problem globally. These pollutants are particularly concerning due to their teratogenic, mutagenic, poisonous and carcinogenic properties, as well as their non‐biodegradability. Traditional removal techniques often fall short in addressing these issues, leading to a search for more effective solutions. One promising alternative is the phycoremediation process, which employs microalgae to remove HMs from wastewater. This method is not only cost‐effective but also environmentally friendly, offering the additional benefits of nutrient recovery from polluted water and conversion into value‐added products. This review delves into the capabilities of microalgae in remediating HM‐polluted water, examining the various factors and methods that affect the process. Key improvements that can enhance the efficiency of phycoremediation include immobilizing microalgae to increase their stability and longevity, utilizing binary cultures to harness synergistic effects and implementing cellular and genetic modifications to boost HM uptake and resilience. Moreover, the integration of algorithms and artificial intelligence can optimize phycoremediation processes by predicting and controlling environmental conditions, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of HM removal. The combination of these advanced strategies holds promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional methods, positioning phycoremediation as a viable solution for mitigating HM contamination in water bodies. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

The Trend in Mitigation Strategies of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Vegetable Oils: Today and Tomorrow

3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its esters, which have carcinogenic and genotoxic effects, are contaminants induced by high-temperature that have been detected in refined oils and fatty foods. 3-MCPD esters, chlorinated propanols, were first identified in 1978 in acid-hydrolysed vegetable proteins used as flavour enhancers in many foods. Glycidyl esters (GE) are contaminants that can occur in edible oils during heat treatment and are formed mainly during the deodorisation phase of refining. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 3-MCPD as a ’potential carcinogen for humans’ in group 2B. Glycidol has also been classified as group 2A with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, i.e. ’probably carcinogenic to humans’. In addition, glycidol has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a ’possible human carcinogen’ (group 2A). Toxicological studies have shown that these genotoxic and carcinogenic contaminants induced by heat treatment are released in the gastrointestinal tract and cause the formation of tumours. In this review the mechanisms of formation, toxicological effects of 3-MCPD and GE on human health, and methods of their detection are shown. The latest strategies to mitigate and prevent 3-MCPD and GE formation during crude oil production, refining and beyond are also discussed.

Shining light on environmental remediation: a type-II heterojunction MnFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and bisphenol A.

In this study, the pressing issue of persistent organic pollutants in wastewater was addressed by designing and fabricating a magnetically separable MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructure catalyst for efficient mineralization of bisphenol A (BPA) and dyes such as alizarin red S (anionic) and malachite green (cationic), which are known for their resistance to biodegradation and carcinogenic properties. Comprehensive structural and surface analyses using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM/HRTEM coupled with magnetic and optical property measurements revealed the formation of the MnFe2O4/rGO heterostructures. Among all, the MnFe2O4/rGO-10 catalyst with 10% wt% of rGO exhibited 100% efficiency in the mineralization of BPA and both dyes under visible light illumination within 60min. The stability and recyclability of the catalyst, assessed through XRD and VSM studies, demonstrated its consistent performance over multiple uses. The cost-effectiveness and stability of this catalyst underscore its potential for practical application in wastewater treatment, offering a viable solution to the persistent challenge of removing stubborn organic contaminants.

Edukasi Bahaya Formalin, Cara Identifikasi dan Upaya Penurunan Risiko pada Produk Pangan di MAN 3 Pontianak

The use of formalin as a food additive is prohibited according to Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 033 of 2012 concerning Food Additives (BTP). Due to its easy availability and its ability to extend shelf life, formalin is often misused as a food preservative. Given its carcinogenic properties, the use of formalin in food poses health risks. The purpose of this community service is to provide education on the dangers of formalin, identification techniques for formalin, and de-formalization efforts in food products. The community service was conducted on July 25, 2024, with 30 students from MAN 3 Pontianak participating. The service was carried out using an outreach method at MAN 3 Pontianak, including pre-tests, material delivery, demonstrations, and post-tests. The results from the pre-test and post-test show an average knowledge increase of 19% regarding formalin risks and reduction efforts. Following the education through material presentation and demonstrations, the number of students with good knowledge increased to 26 (86.7%), while those with insufficient knowledge decreased to 4 (13.3%). The attitude assessment revealed that all students at MAN 3 Pontianak had a positive attitude towards the dangers of formalin and efforts to reduce formalin risks in food (100%).