Broiler Chicken Carcasses Research Articles

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass

Effect of turmeric powder on decontamination of broiler chicken carcass

Addressing Current Challenges in Poultry Meat Safety: Development of a Cultivation and Colony Hybridization Approach to Recover Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens from Broiler Chicken Carcasses.

Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens is one of the main causes of foodborne illness in Canada. The use of a conventional bacterial culture approach to isolate enterotoxigenic C. perfringens from poultry meat is common. This approach is based on the phenotype attributable to a double hemolysis phenomenon, whereas few enterotoxigenic strains of C. perfringens produce it, which further complicates the study of the reservoirs of this important pathogen. The objectives of the current study were to validate the ability of a digoxigenin-labeled probe to detect the C. perfringens cpe gene and to validate the use of either a filtration or a direct plating approach, combined with colony hybridization to detect enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Pure DNA and pure colonies of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens and broiler chicken carcass rinsate samples were subjected to colony hybridization. The results showed that the synthesized DNA probe can detect the cpe gene from both DNA and pure colonies of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens, and from colonies grown from carcass rinsates artificially contaminated with enterotoxigenic C. perfringens. Our study suggests that this isolation method is a promising tool for a better understanding of the epidemiology of this zoonotic pathogen.

The Pakan Fermentasi Berbasis Bahan Lokal Berbentuk Pellet dan Tepung Terhadap Performa, Karkas dan Organ Intestinal Ayam Broiler

This study aims to examine the fermentation method on local feed in the form of mash and pellets on the performance, carcass and intestinal organs of broiler chickens. The livestock used were 144 CP 707 broiler chickens aged 21 days. The study used a completely randomized design with a 3x2 factorial pattern, namely 3 fermented feed treatments (F0 = non-fermented, F1 = fermented with Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4), and F2 = Local Microorganism (MOL) fermented), and 2 forms of feed (B1 = mash, B2 = Pellet), so there were 6 treatment. Each treatment was repeated 6 times and each repetition consisted of 4 chickens. Parameters measured were the performance of broiler chickens, carcasses and intestinal organs. Data were analysed by ANOVA test and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that feeding fermented Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) and Local Microorganism (MOL) had a significant effect on chicken performance and final weight (P<0.01), but no significant effect on carcass weight and percentage (P>0.05). As for the intestinal organs, feeding fermented Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM4) and Local Microorganism (MOL) had no significant effect on the percentage of liver, ventricle, proventriculus and small intestine (P>0.05) and had a significant effect on the length of the small intestine (P<0.01).

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Contamination of broiler chicken carcasses with L. monocytogenes and the effect of disinfectants on organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of meat

The popularity of poultry meat is growing in almost all countries. The consumer prefers chicken considering its high nutritional and dietary value, relatively low price, safety, and the absence of religious restrictions. At the same time, close attention is paid to the safety of food products since food poisoning in poultry processing enterprises is an urgent problem. Based on the results of research on 25 poultry carcasses intended for sale in retail chains, L. monocytogenes was detected in chicken carcasses, broiler chickens in 1 case (4.0 % of studies), semi-finished products from broiler chickens in 2 cases (8 % of studies). During the study of 45 samples in the primary processing shop to establish possible sources and areas of cross-insemination of L. monocytogenes on the surface of poultry carcasses, in 8 cases or 17.8 % of the studies, L. monocytogenes was isolated in washings from carcasses, from the water of the cooling bath ‒ in 3 cases from 13 or 23.1 % of studies, in washes from equipment ‒ in 1 case or 14.3 %, in washes from hands ‒ in 1 case (14.3 %). The resistance of L. monocytogenes to the action of the disinfectant “Balandas-A Forte” 0.07 % solution has been studied; it has a non-permanent antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes, 0.15 % ‒ ensures the inactivation of L. monocytogenes in a bath with a water temperature of 10 ºС. There are no significant differences in the organoleptic parameters of the meat and the broth (transparency, aroma), made from poultry meat cooled in the usual way and when using the disinfectant “Balandez-A Forte.” However, in the treated carcasses, compared to the control, there is a change in the color of the surface of the carcasses and internal fat - their color becomes yellow and has a wax-like layering, which the consumer can negatively perceive, the reason for this may be the effect of peracetic acid (PAA) on the adipose tissue of the bird. According to physical and chemical indicators, poultry meat cooled with cold water and using a disinfectant solution met the requirements of the standards. Disinfectant “Balandez-A Forte” of 0.07 and 0.15 % concentration inactivates L. monocytogenes, 0.07 % solution reduces KMAFAnM by three orders of magnitude from (1.7 ± 0.3)×104 to (3.1 ± 0.8)×101, but does not inactivate bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli, water from a cooling bath with a working solution of 0.15 % concentration of a disinfectant allows inactivation of BGKP and ensures inactivation of L. monocytogenes in cold water (10 ºC).

265 Interactive Effects of Dietary Isoleucine and Valine Ratios to Lysine in Response to Varying Leucine to Lysine Ratios on Pectoralis Major Muscle Protein Expression in Commercial Broilers

Abstract Optimizing the dietary concentrations and ratios of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is necessary to optimize broiler chicken growth performance and carcass meat yield. A central composite design (CCD) study was conducted to understand the impact of dietary BCAA concentrations and ratios on Pectoralis major (PM) muscle protein expression involved in mTOR and related protein synthesis pathways as well as and investigate the mechanisms behind how BCAA ratios affect broiler growth and muscle protein accretion. A total of 2,592 d-old Ross 344 × 708 male broilers were randomly placed in 144 floor pens (n = 18 birds per pen). Before the initiation of the experimental finisher phase, all pens were standardized to contain 15 birds per pen. Each pen received 1 of 15 dietary treatments in the 23 CCD with 6 center points from 20 to 35 d of age, varying in digestible ratios of valine:lysine (Val:Lys; 64 to 87), leucine:lysine (Leu:Lys; 110 to 185), and isoleucine:lysine (Ile:Lys; 52 to 75). On d 35, 1 bird per pen was randomly selected for PM protein extraction and proteomic analysis via data independent acquisition protein sequencing with a timsTOF Pro 2 LC/MS/MS and Spectronaut 15 software. Ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA3), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (EIF4B), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E), CAP-Glycine domain containing linker protein 1 (CLIP1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), Protein kinase domain-containing protein (MAP2K1), Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MAP2K2), paxillin (PXN), and regulator complex protein (LAMTOR3) were identified, quantified, and analyzed as a CCD using the RSREG procedure of SAS ver. 9.4 with significance set at P ≤ 0.10. The surface response models for RPS6KA3, EEF2, EIF4B, EIF4E, MAPK3, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, CLIP1, PXN, and LAMTOR3 were not significant (P ≥ 0.926; R2 values ≤ 0.1). No linear (P ≥ 0.5223), quadratic (P ≥ 0.0.634) or cross product (P ≥ 0.6238) regression effects were observed for any of the proteins analyzed. A minimum stationary point was observed for RPS6KA3, EEF2, MAPK3, and LAMTOR3. However, optimal values for the other proteins could not be obtained due to stationary saddle points. Overall, the results in this study indicate that varying concentrations of dietary BCAA may not impact expression of proteins related to broiler skeletal muscle growth on d 35 following the 15-d treatment period, despite the influence on live performance. This is a limitation of this study and suggests that if the mTOR pathway was involved it was not still differentially up- or down-regulated at this time point. Further investigation and new studies with multiple time points will be required to better understand the mechanisms behind how BCAA impact broiler growth and muscle development.

308 Effect of Thermal Variation During Late-Stage Incubation and Sex on Broiler Chicken Body Weight and Carcass Parts Uniformity

Abstract Low uniformity of broiler live body weight, carcass, and parts weights can reduce overall processing yields and profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) during late-stage incubation (LSI) and sex on the uniformity and coefficient of variation (CV) in high yielding broilers. Yield Plus ′ Ross 708 broiler breeder eggs (n = 2,160) were incubated at 37.5 °C from embryonic day (ED) 0 to 10. From ED 11 to 18, eggs were incubated at 1 of 3 air temperature set points: 37.5 °C (CTL), 36.4 °C (COLD), or 38.6 °C (HOT; n = 2 incubators per treatment). On ED 18, all eggs were transferred to baskets in hatchers set to 36.7 °C. Chicks were vent sexed, placed in floor pens blocked by incubation treatment and sex (n = 6 replicate pens of 30 birds per treatment), and fed a common diet. Broilers were individually weighed at d 9, 23, and 32, then, the 15 birds from each pen closest to the pen median BW were processed on d 33. The distance of each bird BW from the pen mean and median, TM treatment, sex, and whole flock BW over time, uniformity of BW (within 10% of the mean), and intra-pen CV were calculated. Data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS ver. 9.4 with TM treatment and broiler sex serving as the main effects. Means were separated at P ≤ 0.05 with the PDIFF option. On d 9, a TM by sex interaction was observed, and the BW of female CTL chicks was less variable from the pen mean compared with broilers hatched from COLD and females from HOT incubators (P ≤ 0.026). On d 9, sub-optimal incubation temperatures (HOT and COLD) during LSI resulted in higher individual female bird BW variation from the pen mean and median (P = 0.013). Incubating chicks in COLD incubators during LSI increased d-9 individual bird BW distance from the treatment, sex, and flock mean and median BW compared with CTL and HOT (P ≤ 0.037). In addition, BW uniformity within a pen was less in broilers hatched from COLD incubators than both CTL and HOT on d 9 (P = 0.033) and tended to be less on d 32 (P = 0.099). The inverse was observed for CV (P ≤ 0.040). Broilers hatched from COLD and HOT incubators had greater CV for carcass (P = 0.049) and wing (P = 0.028) as well as drumstick (P = 0.079) weights. These results indicate that sub-optimal LSI conditions can negatively influence uniformity of broiler live BW, carcass and parts weights and highlights the importance of achieving optimal incubation conditions.

Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem largely due to the overuse of antimicrobials. In recognition of this, the World Health Assembly in 2015 agreed on a global action plan to tackle AMR. Following the global emergence of the mcr-1-associated colistin resistance gene in the livestock industry in 2016, several countries including South Africa restricted the veterinary use of colistin as the gene threatens the clinical utility of the drug. This study is a follow-up to the restriction in place in order to evaluate the impact of such policy adoption. To assess the prevalence of antibacterial resistance (ABR), and the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in broiler chicken over a 2-year period, as a follow-up to the veterinary ban on colistin use in South Africa. A total of 520 swab samples were obtained during 2019 (March-April) and 2020 (February-March), from healthy broiler chicken carcasses (n=20) and chicken droppings in transport crates (n=20) at various poultry abattoirs (N=7) in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Escherichia coli organisms were isolated and subjected to a panel of 24 antibacterials using the MicroScan machine. Screening for mcr-1 colistin resistance gene was undertaken using PCR. Four hundred and thirty-eight (438) E. coli strains were recovered and none demonstrated phenotypic resistance towards colistin, amikacin, carbapenems, tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam. The mcr-1 gene was not detected in any of the isolates tested. Resistances to the aminoglycosides (0%-9.8%) and fluoroquinolones (0%-18.9%) were generally low. Resistances to ampicillin (32%-39.3%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (30.6%-3.6%) were fairly high. A significant (p<0.05) increase in cephalosporins and cephamycin resistance was noted in the year 2020 (February-March) when compared with the year 2019 (March-April). The absence of mcr-1 gene and colistin resistance suggests that mitigation strategies adopted were effective and clearly demonstrated the significance of regulatory interventions in reducing resistance to critical drugs. Despite the drawback in regulatory framework such as free farmers access to antimicrobials OTC and a dual registration system in place, there is a general decline in the prevalence of ABR when the present data are compared with the last national veterinary surveillance on AMR (SANVAD 2007). To further drive resistance down, mitigation strategies should focus on strengthening regulatory framework, the withdrawal of OTC dispensing of antimicrobials, capping volumes of antimicrobials, banning growth promoters and investing on routine surveillance/monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial consumption.

Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. na cadeia de produção de carne de frango

ABSTRACT Brazilian chicken meat is exported to more than 150 countries and consumed by consumer markets that demand high quality and food safety, thus, requiring very strict control of pathogens present in food to guarantee these rigorous safety standards. This study evaluates the reports from the Salmonella spp. Control and Monitoring Program of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of seven slaughterhouses inspected by the Federal Inspection Service from the western region of Paraná state, Brazil, from March 2017 to February 2019. The broiler litter swab and carcass analyses revealed a Salmonella spp. positivity ratio of 5.9% (19/319) and 23.5% (75/319), respectively. The concomitant presence of Salmonella spp. in the broiler litter swab and chicken carcasses occurred in 58% of the positive samples. The most frequently isolated serovar in the carcasses was Salmonella Heidelberg (85.3%) followed by Salmonella spp. (10.6%). During slaughter, carcass positivity to Salmonella spp. was significantly different (p=0.047) between the first (19.6%) and the second (29.4%) shifts. The results alert for the possibility of carcass contamination during slaughtering and, therefore, more stringent hygiene measures between shifts must be implemented to mitigate carcass contamination.

Optimization of the use of local feed ingredients from agricultural waste against the weight of broiler chicken carcasses

Feed is made from a mixture of ingredients that contain nutrients needed by livestock, these feed ingredients are the result of agricultural production and agricultural production waste. This study aims to determine the body weight of broiler chickens with feed derived from agricultural waste in Merauke Regency. This study used a randomized group design with 3 treatments and 3 repeats (A1: mash feed, A2: pellet feed without adhesive, A3: Pellet feed using adhesive). The results of research using feed ingredients derived from agricultural waste in Merauke Regency showed that the highest broiler carcass weight was obtained in the pellet feed treatment using adhesive with a value of 992 gr, then at the A2 treatment (Pellets without adhesive) of 962.67 gr, and finally the carcass weight was obtained at the A1 (Mash) treatment, amounting to 932 gr, the maintenance time for 35 days. This shows that Merauke Regency’s agricultural waste can be used as feed ingredients.

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract, Whey Protein, and Their Combination on Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract, Whey Protein, and Their Combination on Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Zinc-Chromium Mixture, Organic Selenium, or Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Blood Profiles of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions.

To determine the effects of organic selenium (0.0-0.6 mg and 0.9 mg Se/Kg diet) and Zn-Cr mixture (100 mg Zn/Kg diet plus 1.5 mg Cr/Kg diet) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, blood hematology, and biochemistry under heat stress conditions, this study was conducted. Under temperatures between 30.21 to 31.82 °C, 240 broiler chickens (Ross-308), which were 7-day-old, were randomly assigned to one of six treatments: T1 (control), T2 (100 mg Zn per kg of diet and 1.5 mg Cr per kg of diet), T3 (0.6 mg Se per kg of diet), T4 (0.9 mg Se per kg of diet), T5 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (LSe), and T6 (100 mg Zn, 1.5 mg Cr and (HSe)). At 35 days old, the chicks fed a diet containing Zn-Cr with low or high organic selenium (organic-Se) outweighed the control group in terms of live body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control treatment, birds fed diets supplemented with Zn-Cr or organic-Se (LSe, HSe) significantly increased their serum levels of total protein and total antioxidant capacity. However, these additives resulted in a decrease (p < 0.01) in their serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid. Together, it was found that trace elements (Zn-Cr and organic-Se) may greatly lessen the impacts of heat stress on broilers by promoting growth performance and boosting metabolic processes.

A Meta-analysis of Optimum Level of Dietary Nanoselenium on Performances, Blood Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, Carcass, and Giblet Weight of Broiler Chickens.

Contradictory reports regarding the effects of nanoselenium (NanoSe) on the performance of broiler chickens may occur. Therefore, the optimum supplementation of NanoSe doses needs to be determined. The current meta-analysis study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and the optimum doses of NanoSe supplementation in broiler diets on performance, blood constituents, carcass, and giblet weight by considering breed and sex. The database was obtained from online scientific publications by searching through search engines such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed by entering the keywords nanoselenium, performance, antioxidants, and broiler. A total of 25 articles were included in the meta-analysis database. The study group was treated as a random effect while NanoSe dose, breed, and sex were treated as fixed effects. Daily body weight gain, carcass weight, and breast weight increased quadratically (P < 0.05), and FCR decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) in the starter and cumulativeperiods with increasing NanoSe supplementation. NanoSe supplementation tended to decrease cumulative feed intake linearly (P < 0.1) and decreased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat, albumin, red blood cells, ALT, and MDA levels. In contrast, levels of total protein, globulin, glucose, AST, white blood cells, cholesterol, triglyceride, and the weight of the liver, heart, gizzard, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were not affected by NanoSe supplementation. Increasing the dose of NanoSe increased (P < 0.05) the GSHPx enzyme and Se concentration in breast muscle and liver and tended to enhance (P < 0.01) the CAT enzyme. It is concluded that a proper dose of NanoSe supplementation in a broiler diet improves body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass, and breast weight without adverse effects on giblets. Dietary NanoSe elevates Se concentration in the breast muscle and liver and antioxidant activity. The current meta-analysis shows that the optimum dose for body weight gain and FCR is 1 to 1.5mg/kg.

Impact of led lighting color on productive and behavioral characteristics of the broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of color (white and blue-green) of LED lighting on the productive, carcass and behavior traits of Cobb broiler chickens. Total of 200 one- day-old unsexed chicks were used, and divided into two pens/groups (100 birds of each with 25 birds of each replicate), at stocking density of 8.7 bird/ square meters. First pen used for LED white color and second pen for LED blue- green mix color light. The results showed that the birds exposed to blue-green light had significant higher (P≤0.01) BW, DBWG and FC values of the whole experimental period compared to those exposed to white color. However, the light color had no significant effect on FCR and MR measurements with average values 1.44 and 0.50%, respectively. The birds exposed to blue-green light had significant higher pre-slaughter live BW and carcass weights (P≤0.01) compared to those exposed to white color. The birds exposed to blue-green light had higher insignificant dressing percentage compared to those exposed to white color. The weekly behavior results showed highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among weeks for aggressiveness and immobility activities, while it being insignificant for pecking activity. The correlation value between immobility and five-week BW of birds reared under blue-green light was the only significant value (0.42) among all studied values. In conclusion, the results indicated that Cobb broilers were calmer under blue-green light compared to those reared under white light, which contributed in more better performance traits.

Evaluation of Increasing Concentrations of Supplemental Choline Chloride on Modern Broiler Chicken Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics.

Choline has been demonstrated to partially substitute methionine in broiler chicken diets due to their interconnected biosynthesis pathways. Yet, research on the impacts of dietary choline supplementation on modern strains of high-yielding broilers is limited. The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing additions of choline chloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers fed reduced methionine diets and reared under summer environmental conditions. Ross 708 x Yield Plus male broilers were reared for 41 days on used litter in floor pens (n = 2232; 31 birds per pen). Birds were fed one of six corn and soybean meal-based, reduced methionine diets containing 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, or 2000 mg of added choline chloride per kg of feed. Diets were provided in three phases. On day 43, 10 birds per pen were processed. Increasing dietary choline resulted in similar body weight gain, reduced feed intake, and improved feed efficiency. Choline chloride supplementation linearly increased both breast and carcass yields while concomitantly increasing the incidence and severity of wooden-breast-affected fillets. These results indicate that supplementing reduced-methionine broiler diets with choline chloride during high environmental temperatures may improve feed efficiency and increase carcass and breast yields but may also increase wooden breast.

Effect of Glutamate Supplementation in Broiler Chicken Feed to The Quality of Carcass

: Glutamate is an alternative feed additive that is safe and environmentally friendly in improving the quality of broiler chicken carcass. This study aims to determine the effect of glutamate produced by Lactobacilus plantarum MV on the quality of broiler chicken carcass. The aim of this research was to get the optimum doses of glutamate in feed broiler for increasing the quality of carcass. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 6 treatments and 4 replications. This study used 240 broiler chicken strain MB 202 from PT Charoen Phokphand Indonesia, 1 day old and the treatment started at 7 days of age with 5 weeks of treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 chickens. The Glutamate doses in groups were, A (0.4% commercial glutamate; B (0% glutamate); C (0.2% glutamate); D (0.4% glutamate); E (0.6% glutamate); F (0.8% glutamate). The results indicated that glutamate up to 0.8% had significant effects on carcass quality, consisting of reducing abdominal fat (0,64%) and cholesterol (0,64%), as well as increasing meat protein (73,09%) and cooking losses (26.69%). It can be concluded that 0,8% glutamate in broiler feed was increasing the quality of carcass.

Betaine and nano-emulsified vegetable oil supplementation for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions.

This research aimed to examine the effects of water-added betaine (BET) and/or nano-emulsified vegetable oil (MAGO) on carcass and meat quality characteristics of broilers raised under thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions. On day 21, 640 birds (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of two thermal conditions (thermoneutral 22 ± 1°C and heat stress 32 ± 1°C) each containing four treatment groups: Control, BET, MAGO, and a mixture of both (BETMAGO) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight groups). Each group has eight replicates, with ten birds each. The birds' carcass and meat quality characteristics were evaluated at 35 days. The dressing percentage, breast, leg, wing, heart, initial pH, color change, cooking loss (CL), water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force (SF), and texture profile with exception of springiness significantly affected by the treatments. The results showed that HS had negative effects on carcass weight and relative weights of the breast, spleen, and heart. Moreover, HS increased dressing percentage, wing, initial pH, final core temperature, initial lightness, WHC, and hardness. Significant differences in interactions between treatments and temperature were observed in the spleen, WHC, and SF. Water supplemented with BET effectively improved carcass dressing percentage, breast weight, and meat quality in terms of water-holding capacity and tenderness under HS conditions. More studies on the use of BET and/or MAGO at different levels were recommended.

Carcass and Internal Organs Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Soybean Diet

Soybean (Glycine max) is a principal vegetable protein source in the animal feed industry in Nigeria, including the poultry feed industry, but because of the fact that it contains various anti-nutritional factors, the raw full-fat cannot be used in poultry nutrition. The present study was carried out to examine the carcass, and internal organ characteristics of broiler chickens fed a soybean diet. A total of eight hundred and four unsexed one-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acre) with an average weight of 45 ± 1.1 g were used in 56 days feeding trial to observe the effect of different processing methods of soybean on broiler chicken carcass and organs characteristics including; liver, spleen, lungs, crop, bile, pancreas, heart, intestine and empty gizzard. There were four dietary treatments (T1-T4), each containing soybean meal as the control diet, dried-boiled soybean, roasted soybean and dried-fermented soybean. Each treatment was replicated three times with 67 broiler chickens per replicate, giving 201 broiler chickens per treatment. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. The starter diet was fed for 4 weeks and the finisher diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, 15 broiler chickens were randomly selected for sampling and collecting the data. The weight of the internal organs and carcass characteristics showed no significant difference in the treatment groups, but the fermented method showed the highest value in the live weight (2075.00 g), eviscerated weight (1532.46 g), and breast weight (483.72 g) compared to other carcass parameters in other treatments including the control diet. It is, therefore, concluded that for optimal broiler growth, the fermented processing method of soybean is recommended. Keywords: Broilers chicken, Carcass characteristic, Diet, Internal organ, Processed soybean

Effects of Lactobacillus-Fermented Feed on Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens

The quality of broiler chicken carcasses is greatly influenced by feed management and the number of nutrients digested in the digestive tract that will be utilized for optimal meat production. The study aimed to determine the effect of feeding fermented feed at different times on the production performance and quality of broiler chicken carcasses. The number of day-old chicks used in this study was 180 broiler chickens strain Cobb. This study was carried out experimentally using a complete randomized design consisting of four treatments and five replications. Each treatment carried out in this experiment consisted of a different length of time, namely feeding for 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Experimental parameters included feed consumption, weight gain, and ration conversion. In addition, the carcass quality was investigated as live weight, carcass percentage, and percentage of broiler chicken abdominal fat. The results showed that the longer the time of fermentation feed significantly increased feed consumption by 40.07% and increased 13.77% weight gain, as well as decreased ration conversion by 25.33%. Furthermore, the same results were also obtained regarding live weight by 17.80% and increased percentage of the carcass by 8.84%, while the percentage of abdominal fat decreased by 12.90%. It can be concluded that the provision of fermented feed for 5 weeks can improve the production performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Keywords: Broiler chicken, Carcass quality, Fermented feed, Performance

Growth and Development of Chicken Carcass in Different Sex and Age

This study was aimed to determine the growth and development of Broiler chicken carcass and components at different sex and age . The method used in this study is the Huxley Y = a x b allometric equation which is transformed into a logarithm equation Log Y = Log a + b Log X. This research was conducted in the Cage of the Animal Production Department of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The parameters observed in this study were the carcass and carcass parts. Based on the results of the study showed that the growth coefficient of male and female broiler carcasses were not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) which meant that they had a time of early development when compared to the growth of parts of the body as a whole. The growth and development patterns of the carcasses of both male and female broiler chickens at the age of 0 - 5 weeks is relatively the same.