Carcass Yield Research Articles

Effects of GH L127V and TG5 C422T polymorphisms on the hormonal profile, slaughter traits, and meat quality of Hereford bulls.

The creation of objective methods for the evaluation and improvement of quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity in farm animals should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the genetic, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the animal. This study aimed to investigate the effects of growth hormone (GH) and thyroglobulin (TG5) gene polymorphisms on the hormonal status, slaughter traits, and chemical, amino acid, and fatty acid composition of meat in Hereford bulls. Hereford bulls (n = 9) were reared under the same feeding and housing conditions until the age of 21 months, after which they were slaughtered. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for genotyping GH L127V and TG5 C422T polymorphisms. The experimental animals were evaluated to determine slaughter traits (including pre-slaughter weight, carcass, and internal fat weight and yield), chemical, fatty acid, and amino acid composition of ground beef, and hormonal status using serum concentrations of GH, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. Animals with the valine homozygous (VV) genotype of GH had the maximum serum GH level of 9.33 mIU/mL (p = 0.10) higher than leucine homozygous (LL) genotype carriers. Individuals with the LL genotype outperformed V-allele carriers in serum thyroxine (T4) concentration by 21.3-30.5 nmol/L (16.15%-24.86%; p < 0.01-0.05). Genetic differentiation induced by TG5 C422T polymorphism was determined to a lesser extent by the hormonal status of the Hereford animals. The V-allele was associated with increased carcass weight, with VV homozygotes significantly outperforming LL individuals by 45.0 kg (13.61%; p < 0.05). The T allele at the TG5 gene polymorphism was associated with more intense lipogenesis and less protein synthesis in muscle tissue and these effects were enhanced in the homozygous state. Young animals with the TT variant of the TG5 gene exhibited a significantly superior polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio of 0.012 units (p < 0.01). Carriers of the LL genotype were characterized by minimum amino acid content in muscle tissue. Heterozygous bulls exceeded LL homozygotes in the sum of essential amino acids by 3.09% (p = 0.10) and non-essential amino acids by 1.9% (p < 0.05). The development of breeding programs for the Hereford breed should be carried out considering genetic features that determine the formation of economic traits in animals. Analysis of polymorphisms in the TG5 gene is a promising method for the early diagnosis of the fatty acid composition of beef. Identification of polymorphisms in the GH gene allows the prediction of higher productivity potential and amino acid composition of meat. The different effects of the GH and TG5 genes on the development of various economic traits allowed us to determine further vectors for scientific research on their complex associations in Hereford cattle, which will be useful for planning effective breeding schemes.

Bioeconomic and sustainability performance of dairy-beef steer and heifer production systems differing in stocking rate

There is little published research on dairy-beef heifer systems or comparisons of heifer and steer dairy-beef production. Furthermore, given its impact on the productivity and economics of dairy-beef systems, any comparison of gender must also consider potential interactions with stocking rate (SR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of physical and economic performance, greenhouse gas emissions, feed-food competition and pasture land-use of dairy-beef production steer and heifer systems at differing stocking rates. Performance data from a two (gender: Steers and Heifers) x two (SR: Low and High) x two (breed-types: Early-maturing (EM) and Late-maturing (LM) factorial experiment was used to parameterize a bio-economic farm systems model. Low SR animals were heavier, had higher fat scores and better conformed at slaughter. High stocking rate resulted in greater carcass output per hectare and subsequently were, on average, 22 % more profitable than their Low SR counterparts. Late-maturing animals were found to be more profitable than early-maturing, and steers were more profitable than heifers. GHG emissions of the eight treatments investigated ranged from 10.7 to 17.7 kgs of carbon dioxide equivalents (kg CO2eq) per kilogram of carcass weight produced, with both High SR and heifer systems having lower GHG emissions per kg of product than their Low SR and steer counterparts. Human edible protein efficiency was only favorable for the steer systems. High SR systems had, on average, lower land use per kg of product than their Low SR counterparts. Results from this study indicate that no single treatment was optimal across the range of performance metrics considered.

Comparative effects of dietary muramidase and phytogenics on the growth performance and gastrointestinal functionality of broiler chickens

The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of muramidase (MUR) and 2 phytogenic additives on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, bacteria load, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens raised under field-like conditions. A total of 6,400 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly selected and distributed into 32 floor pens, with 200 chicks (100 males and 100 females)/pen. The treatment groups were an unsupplemented control, and the experimental groups supplemented with MUR at 35,000 LSU(F)/kg of feed, phytogenic 1 (Phyto 1, based on thymol) at 100g/ton feed, or phytogenic 2 (Phyto 2, based on alkaloids) at 60g/ton feed, for a total period of 41 d. A 4-phase feeding program was applied (starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal). The paramenters evaluated were: growth performance, carcass yield, concentration of muranic acid in the jejunum content and excreta, liver enzyme concentration, intestinal morphology, and bacteria enumeration and short and branch chain fatty acids (SCFA and BCFA) in the cecal content. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to separate the means. Soluble muramic acid (MurN) in the jejunum increased with the supplementation of MUR and Phyto 2 when compared to the other groups (P = 0.0001), but only the supplementation of MUR increased the concentration of MurN in the excreta. The supplementation of all feed additives improved the body weight gain and the body weight corrected feed conversion ratio when compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). MUR increased villus heigh (VH) when compared to the control or the other supplemented groups (P = 0.0001), and led to the highest concentration of most SCFA, total BCFA, and total SCFA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of MUR and phytogenics to the diets of broiler chickens improved the growth performance, but MUR, only, was capable of effectively degrading peptidoglycans (PGNs) in both intestinal segments, as well as to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and SCFA production.

Impact of orange (Citrus sinensis) seed powder on growth performance, biochemical parameters and caecal bacterial population of broilers reared in hot humid climate

In broiler nutrition, dietary fibre affects the development of the digestive system, nutrient absorption, intestinal flora and growth performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orange seed powder (OSP) on growth performance, biochemical parameters, and the caecal bacterial population of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups of six replicates. The treatment groups comprised a control group (without OSP supplementation) and three groups with varying levels of OSP supplementation (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%) over 42 days. All groups supplemented with orange seed powder significantly decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, E. coli, and total coliform population as well as feed conversion ratio and feed intake and significantly increased average weight gain and lactobacillus population on day 21 (p < 0.05). Carcase yield did not differ across all the treatment groups (p > 0.05). On day 42, the triglyceride level was significantly superior (p < 0.05) with the supplementation of OSP. The lactobacillus population was not affected on day 42; however, E. coli and the total coliform population remained affected (p < 0.05). Orange seed powder at 0.50% supplementation in poultry feed can optimise the caeca bacterial population and enhance the weight gain and feed conversion ratio.

Response of Broiler Chicken Fed Graded Levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal (CPLM) Mix on Carcass Characteristics and Organ Weights

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing maize with different levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal mix on carcass traits and relative organ weights of broiler chickens. The study determined an optimum level of maize replacement by CPLM that would not compromise growth performance, carcass yield, and organ health. The broiler chicken were fed 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% maize replaced by CPLM mix (9:1 ratio) diets for a certain duration of time. Variations in DW% and EW%; even the relative organ weights like heart, liver, and gizzard showed significant differences. The outcome indicated that up to 50% maize replacement with the CPLM mix seemed feasible without showing any negative impact on the performance of broiler chickens and eventually providing a possibly low-cost alternative feed resource. Keywords: Maize, Alternative Feed stuff, Poultry, Carcass, Organ Proceedings Citation Format Olowoyeye, Janet Chinwe (2024): Response of Broiler Chicken Fed Graded Levels of Cassava Peel Leaf Meal (CPLM) Mix on Carcass Characteristics and Organ Weights. Proceedings of the 38th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Bespoke Conference. 17th – 19th July, 2024. University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. Pp 183-190. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/ACCRABESPOKE2024P19

Nano-emulsified black soldier fly oil concerning performance traits, health, and immunity of broilers

In the antibiotic-free era, traditional antibiotics have been suggested as alternatives to antibiotic-based growth promoters. Among the various methods, self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are increasingly utilized to improve the bioavailability of oils containing essential substances. In this study, we evaluated the effects of black soldier fly oil (BSFO) SNEDDS in chicken drinking water on growth performance, small intestine histomorphology, and poultry health status. We divided 225 male Indian River strain broiler chickens into five treatment groups, each consisting of 5 replicates. The chickens were reared from to 0 to 35 d of age in a controlled environmental housing system. The BSFO SNEDDS was administered via drinking water. Treatments included ordinary drinking water (P1), bacitracin (P2), and 10 mL/L (P3), 20 mL/L (P4), and 30 mL/L (P5) BSFO SNEDDS. The observed parameters included growth performance, carcass yield, blood hematology, intestinal histomorphology, digestive microflora, and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test. The results indicated that administering BSFO SNEDDS via drinking water improved feed conversion (P < 0.05), enhanced the performance index (P < 0.05), increased carcass percentage (P < 0.001), and increased the weight of the carcass parts. Additionally, it increased villus height (P < 0.01), lowered jejunal pH (P < 0.001), reduced pathogenic bacteria in the jejunum, and decreased the leukocyte count. BSFO SNEDDS in drinking water is expected to be used as a traditional antibiotic with the potential to replace synthetic antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens.

Dietary supplementation of Cannabis sativa residues in broiler chickens affects performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, blood biochemistry profile and oxidative stability

Public interest in the cannabis plant has increased after its legalization in many countries. Cannabis sativa residues (CR) are a part of the plant waste in the cannabis industry. The CR contain medicinal properties that could be used as a feed additive in poultry production. The trial was conducted to investigate the effects of CR on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology, and blood biochemistry profile of broiler chickens. In a completely randomized design, 256 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 8 replicates and 8 birds per replicate. These 4 dietary treatments included a basal diet with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% CR for 40 d. The results showed that 2% CR supplementation reduced feed intake (FI) in the starter phase (d 3-23, P < 0.05). The birds in the CR groups had lower FI in the finishing phase (d 24-40, P < 0.01) and the whole raising period (d 3-40, P < 0.01) than the control. However, the body weight and carcass yield were not different (P > 0.05). In addition, the CR diet had no adverse effects on the blood biochemistry profile, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, albumin, and direct bilirubin (P > 0.05). In addition, total bilirubin and malondialdehyde were better in the plasma of CR-supplemented birds than in the control groups (P < 0.05). The observations on intestinal morphology showed that CR supplementation improved the ratio between villus height and crypt depth in the ileum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CR supplementation can improve intestinal morphology and oxidative stability of broiler chickens. This suggests that CR could potentially be used as an alternative feed additive in broiler production.

Effects of maternal inflammation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of offspring pigs.

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of mid-gestational maternal inflammation on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of offspring. Pregnant gilts were administered either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n=7) or saline (CON, n=7) from d 70-84 of gestation. Gilts assigned to the LPS treatment were administered an intravenous injection of reconstituted LPS every other day with a beginning does of 10 μg LPS/kg BW and subsequent doses increasing by 12%, while CON gilts received intravenous injections of comparable volumes of saline. Gilts farrowed naturally, and at d 66 of age a total of 59 pigs, both barrows and gilts began a 3-phase feeding regimen designed to meet or exceed nutrient requirements for growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 35, 70, and 105 of the finishing trial to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. On d 106, pigs were slaughtered under supervision of the United States department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS). Ending live weight (ELW), hot carcass weight (HCW), and dressing percentage were determined. Left side of carcasses were weighed and fabricated to determine carcass cutting yields. The semitendinosus was collected for histological samples. Fresh belly characteristics and loin quality were measured. Two chops were collected for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and proximate analysis. No differences (P ≥ 0.13) between LPS and CON pigs were observed for growth performance in phases 1, 2, 3, or overall (d 0-105) performance with the exception of overall G:F reduced in CON pigs compared with LPS pigs (P = 0.03). There was a tendency for carcass yield to be reduced (P = 0.06; 0.82% units) in LPS pigs compared with CON pigs. Additionally, longissimus muscle area (LMA) tended to be reduced (P = 0.10) 2.27cm2 in LPS compared with CON pigs. Loin chop quality traits including instrumental color, subjective color, marbling, firmness, pH, and drip loss were not different (P ≥ 0.09) between LPS and CON pigs. Fresh belly characteristics were not different (P ≥ 0.22) between LPS and CON pigs. There were no differences in primal and subprimal weights, except for LPS pigs tended to have a reduction (P ≥ 0.07) in tenderloin and Canadian back weights compared with CON pigs. Furthermore, LPS pigs had no differences (P ≥ 0.25) in muscle fiber composition or size, however LPS pigs tended (P = 0.10) to have a 13% reduction in estimated muscle fibers number compared with CON pigs. In summary, mid gestational inflammation did not result in reduced meat quality, growth performance, or carcass yields of offspring.

Re-domestication of feral pigs in Martinique: first results of growing-finishing trials to test meat consumption and consumers' perceptions.

In Martinique, pig production satisfies less than 20% of demand for pork, with traditional pig farming and wild pig hunting covering only a small proportion. This study has three parts: (i) for the first time, it analyses the performance of domesticated descendants of Creole feral pigs of Martinique based on a 29-day finishing test on two farms (A vs. B) with the same fibre-rich diet on a total of 40 pigs; (ii) it evaluates consumers' tastes based on a sensorial test by an untrained panel of 61 consumers who tasted pork prepared as a fricassee from either farm A or farm B; and (iii) evaluates willingness to pay (WTP) for Creole pork products and of the design of a future niche market. The average daily gain (ADG) of the finishing pigs was higher on farm A than on farm B (256 vs. 100 g/d, P < 0.001) resulting in a higher hot carcass weight on farm A than farm B (41.3 vs. 33.5 kg, P < 0.01), and better hot carcass yield on farm B than farm A (74.0 vs 68.8 %, P < 0.01). In the sensorial test, the consumers gave a higher score to the meat originating from the youngest pigs (Farm B), especially scores for tenderness and juiciness (+0.94 and +0.55 points, P < 0.05 and P=0.10, respectively). The 61 respondents were willing to pay more for processed products (sausage, pâté, ham) than for fresh meat. They considered that Creole pork has a better taste and is of better quality than industrial meats originating from mainstream genotypes. According to the majority of respondents, Creole pork should be rich in intra-muscular fat (100% of respondents) and low in inter-muscular fat (60% of respondents). Based on the survey, the main desirable future for Martinique's Creole pig production correspond to a low-carbon system with feed based on local resources, with on-farm slaughtering and short-distance sales (direct-to-consumer farm gate sale, sale at the butcher's or at the pig cooperative).

Effect of feed with extruded components and phytobiotics on quail

Quails are a valuable type of poultry, as their eggs and meat have high nutritional value. Moreover, quails are distinguished by early sexual maturity, high egg production and small body size. These unique characteristics make them an attractive object for breeding and scientific research. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of feed with extruded components and phytobiotics on the meat productivity and blood biochemistry of Texas quails. The methodology involved dividing 200 quails into experimental and control groups, feeding them different diets over a 60-day period, and analysing their growth performance, meat yield, and biochemical blood parameters using statistical analysis tools. As a result of the research, it was revealed that feed produced according to the developed recipe has a positive effect on the weight gain of quails. In the experimental group (EG), the absolute increase was 313.7 ± 4.34 g, in the control group (CG) – 275.9 ± 2.89 g (not significant difference, P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the feed with extruded components and phytobiotics led to improved feed conversion ratio in the EG compared to the control. The birds in the EG also demonstrated higher carcass weight and yield. The experimental diet also appeared to have a positive influence on the immune status of the quails. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of incorporating extruded components and phytobiotics into quail feed to improve growth performance and maintain healthy physiological parameters. Evaluating the biochemical blood test results, it can be indicated that no significant changes in the blood composition were detected, which may indicate the absence of a negative effect of the developed feed on the body of birds. The results obtained may be of practical importance for developing optimal diets for meat quails and improving the quality and safety of their products

Data-Mining Methodology to Improve the Scientific Production Quality in Turkey Meat and Carcass Characterization Studies.

The present research aims to describe how turkey meat and carcass quality traits define the interest of the scientific community through the quality standards of journals in which studies are published. To this end, an analysis of 92 research documents addressing the study of turkey carcass and meat quality over the last 57 years was performed. Meat and carcass quality attributes were dependent variables and included traits related to carcass dressing, muscle fiber, pH, colorimetry, water-holding capacity, texture, and chemical composition. The independent variables comprised publication quality traits, including journal indexation, database, journal impact factor (JIF), quartile, publication area, and JIF percentage. For each dependent variable, a data-mining chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was developed. Carcass or piece yield was the only variable that did not show an impact on the publication quality. Moreover, color and pH measurements taken at 72 h postmortem showed a negative impact on publication interest. On the other hand, variables including water-retaining attributes, colorimetry, pH, chemical composition, and shear force traits stood out among the quality-enhancing variables due to their low inclusion in papers, while high standards improved power.

Effect of S. cerevisiae strain KA500 supplementation on feed performance, feed efficiency, and digestion ability in feedlot buffaloes.

Live yeasts have favorable characteristics for use in animal feed, and may become a beneficial tool to improve digestive efficiency in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The productive performance, feed efficiency, and digestion ability of buffaloes fed diets supplemented with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain KA500) were evaluated. Eighteen male Murrah buffaloes, with initial weight 250 ± 31 kg (mean ± standard deviation), and aged approximately 12 months, were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. The treatments included experimental feed containing 10 g of the live yeast capable of forming 2 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU) and control (feed with no added yeast). The daily weight gain tended to be lower (p = 0.07) in buffaloes supplemented with yeast. There was a reduction in daily dry matter intake (DMI) and in % yield of live weight in buffaloes supplemented with yeast. There was no effect of live yeast supplementation on weight gain/kg dry matter intake, height at withers or rump, body condition score, total weight gain, carcass yield, plasma urea nitrogen concentrations, purine derivatives, and plasma glucose concentrations. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were lower (p < 0.05) with the supplementation of live yeast, although live yeast supplementation did not affect the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-NDF OM. The strain and dosage of live yeast used did not have a positive effect on buffalo performance and digestibility of dietary nutrients.

Identification of Metabolites in Muscles of Lueyang Black-Bone Chickens: A Comparative Analysis of Caged and Cage-Free Rearing Modes Using Untargeted Metabolomic Techniques.

The Lueyang black-bone chicken is a specific native chicken strain in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different rearing systems on the meat quality of Lueyang black-bone chickens. Six hundred Lueyang black-bone hens were randomly divided into two groups at 7 weeks of age and raised in cage and cage-free systems for 20 weeks. The carcass yield, meat quality, and total metabolites were measured in both the leg and breast muscles. By comparison, the carcass yield of hens in the cage-free (CF) group (1.26 ± 0.09 kg) was significantly lower than that in the caged rearing (CR) group (1.52 ± 0.15 kg). However, the shear force of leg muscles in the CF group (27.98 ± 2.43 N) was significantly greater than that in the CR group (24.15 ± 1.93 N). In addition, six samples from each group were randomly selected and their metabolites were detected by the non-targeted metabolomics technique. Among these metabolites, 408 and 354 significantly differentially abundant metabolites were identified in breast and leg muscles, which were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We found that the levels of 19 phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines, were significantly greater in the CF group than in the CR group. Additionally, the contents of eight unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were dramatically greater in the CF group than in the caged group. The accumulation of 4-hydroxy-proline, glutamate, and adenosine 3'-monophosphate (AMP) was enhanced in the CF group. Moreover, many more volatile organic compounds were identified in the muscles of the cage-free group, enhancing the flavor of the chicken meat. In conclusion, the cage-free rearing mode facilitates the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances in the chicken meat and is a better rearing system for Lueyang black-bone chickens.

Economic viability and production of cattle in confinement under high-grain and conventional diets

Brazilian beef cattle farming stands out for its large-scale production, playing a vital role in national and international trade. Despite this, there is a need for improvement in productivity and profitability. The extensive model, despite territorial demand, exhibits low use of technologies and problematic management. Intensive livestock farming minimizes these issues, offering greater production efficiency by reducing the age at which cattle are finished and optimizing the use of space on the property. The choice of diet in confinement systems aims to enhance the cost/benefit ratio. This research aims to compare the performance of Nelore cattle subjected to different diets during the finishing phase in confinement, considering intake, productivity, carcass characteristics, and economic viability. For the experiment, 20 Nellore cattle were used, divided into two groups of 10 animals, where one received the treatment of feed + forage, and the other a high-grain diet. For the variables of average daily gain (ADG), total weight gain (TWG), and feed-lot time, there was no effect (P &lt; 0.05) from the treatments. However, an effect (P &lt; 0.05) on carcass yield between diets was observed, directly impacting the economic viability of beef cattle production, as the abattoir pays per kilogram (cwt) of carcass.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS TO PALM KERNEL MEAL DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CELLULASE

A total of 96 broiler chickens, aged 28 days were fed palm kernel meal (PKM) diets supplemented with cellulase at the finisher phase. The birds were allotted to four diets, each replicated three times, with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Final weight decreased (1740.04g-973.00g) with PKM level. However, 20%PKM birds (1000.09g) were similar to 30%PKM (973.00g). Daily weight gain (60.41g-23.83g) and daily feed intake (120.25g-54.56g) followed similar trend as final weight. Feed conversion ratio was best (P&lt;0.05) in 0% PKM group (2.00) and poorest in 20% PKM birds (2.37). Bled weight was significantly affected (P&lt;0.05), birds fed 0%PKM (1616.75g) and 10%PKM (1608.38g) were similar but different from 20%PKM (1325.05g) and 30%PKM (1290.05g). De-feathered weight decreased (1563.36g-1221.73g) with level of PKM. Eviscerated weight (1345.09g-1078.31g) and dressing percentage (74.39-70.67) showed similar trend of variation as live-weight. Head, neck, leg, drumstick, thigh, back, wing, breast, intestine and gizzard varied significantly (P&lt;0.05). Drumstick and thigh were highest in birds fed 10%PKM (11.07g/11.57g) and lowest in birds fed 20% PKM (9.58g/10.84g). Back declined (14.53-12.59) with PKM level. Highest wing percentage was in 30%PKM (8.29) and least in 20%PKM (7.81). Highest breast percentage was in 20%PKM (20.98) and least in 0%PKM (19.90). Intestine was highest in 0%PKM (11.58) and least in 10%PKM (9.53). The gizzard increased (5.55-6.96) with PKM. Heart and liver were not affected (P&gt;0.05). PKM with cellulase supplementation could be fed to finisher broiler chickens up to 10% for improved growth response and carcass yield.

Assessment of dietary supplementation of green iron oxide nanoparticles: impact on growth performance, ammonia emissions, carcass criteria, tissue iron content, and meat quality in broiler chickens under hot climate conditions.

The potential significance and importance of green iron nanoparticles (Nano-Fe) in poultry production lie in their capability to effectively tackle iron deficiency in poultry. Iron, an indispensable mineral for numerous physiological functions in birds, such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and immune response, underscores the critical need for adequate iron levels. Nevertheless, conventional iron supplementation methods frequently face hurdles like limited bioavailability rates in poultry. To enhance performance, and promote sustainable broiler productivity, Nano-Fe showed promise as an efficient feed supplement for broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of green Nano-Fe inclusions in diets on growth, ammonia excretion, carcass criteria, and meat quality in broiler chickens. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, were assigned to three treatment diets including Nano-Fe oxide at 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 42 days. Each treatment comprised eight replicates, each with eight broiler chicks. Two phases comprised the 42-day study (0 to 21 days for the starter and 21 to 42 days for the finisher). In comparison to the control group, the Nano-Fe oxide groups 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg linearly improved (p < 0.05) body weight (R 2 = 0.574) and body weight gain (R 2 = 0.367) under hot climatic conditions at 42 days of age. Furthermore, Nano-Fe oxide to broiler diets, improved (linear, p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (R 2 = 0.424) throughout whole periods. The feed intake did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) among groups during the experimental periods under hot climatic conditions. The ammonia content of excreta (R 2 = 0.454) was linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing Nano-Fe oxide levels in broiler diets compared to control at 21 and 42 days of age under hot climatic conditions. Nano-Fe oxide positively influences cook loss, water-holding capacity, and iron content in various tissues. Moreover, it contributes to a healthier carcass yield and reduced abdominal fat. In conclusion, broiler chickens fed diets containing Nano-Fe oxide at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg demonstrated enhanced growth performance, improved meat quality, increased iron content in tissues, higher dressing percentage, and reduced abdominal fat deposition. Future research should explore the impact of green Nano-Fe oxide on additional factors such as the microbiome and gene expression related to immunity and heat stress.

HIGH-QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL MEAL FOR GROWING PIGS: IMPLICATIONS ON CARCASS, MEAT QUALITY, ORGAN WEIGHTS, HEPATIC AND JEJUNUM HISTOLOGY

The global increase in the production and processing of cassava tubers generates a lot of peel as waste. However, the effect of processing methods to increase the quality of the peel as an animal feed resource must look at the quality of the resultant food products. These effects are insufficiently studied. The study aimed to assess the impact of the processed peel on carcass quality, meat quality, organ weight and organ histology of growing pigs. Thirty (30) male growing pigs (Landrace × Large white) were randomly distributed to five groups with six (6) animals per group in a completely randomized design. Maize was substituted with high quality cassava peel meal (HQCPM) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for the experimental diets ranging from diets V to Z. The pigs fed HQCPM diets had higher carcass weights, resulting in an improved carcass yield. The colour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness, texture, and overall acceptability were statistically superior in the pigs fed diet Z. High feed fibre influenced organ weights: the HQCPM diets reduced (P&lt;0.05) the organ weights. More so, the HQCPM diets affected (P&lt;0.05) the histology of the liver and intestine with varying degrees of inflammation, shortened villi length, and reduced surface area. HQCPM diets enhanced the carcass weight and meat quality of growing pigs up to 100% replacement for maize. Nevertheless, the diets reduced organ weights and villi lengths, leading to reduced absorptive function.

Effect of hempseed products on growth performance, carcass yield, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids in broiler: A meta-analysis

Abstract Hempseed is the edible fruit of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, potentially serving as feed ingredients in broiler production due to its high nutritional value. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of hempseed products (seeds, cakes, or oils) on body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield (CY), and fatty acid (FA) composition (ω-3 and ω-6) in broiler chicken. Ten eligible publications were retrieved from Google Scholar and Scopus databases for the meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used for data analysis in OpenMEE software. Results were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results show that dietary hempseed products increased ω-3 FA (SMD = 1.107; P&lt;0.05) and ω-6 FA (SMD = 0.987; P&lt;0.01) but reduced BW (SMD = -0.403; P&lt;0.05) and FI (SMD = -0.470; P&lt;0.05) compared to the controls. On the other hand, CY (SMD = 0.053; P&gt;0.05) and FCR (SMD = 0.046; P&gt;0.05) were not significantly influenced by hempseed product supplementation. Subgroup analysis revealed that hempseed oil reduced BW (SMD = -1.041; P&lt;0.05) and FCR (SMD = -0.797; P&lt;0.05) but enhanced both ω-3 FA (SMD = 2.372; P&lt;0.01) and ω-6 FA composition (SMD = 1.630; P&lt;0.01). There were no adverse effects of hempseed and hempseed cake on BW (P&gt;0.05), but a higher FCR (SMD = 0.658; P&lt;0.05) was obtained on broilers fed with hempseed. Moreover, dietary hempseed and hempseed cake also increased ω-3 FA (SMD = 0.952; P&lt;0.05) and ω-6 FA composition (SMD = 1.107; P&lt;0.01), respectively. This study concluded that dietary hempseed products had beneficial effects on the fatty acid composition of meat. However, its effect on growth performance should be considered.

Evaluation of Sex and Feed form on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Economic Benefit and Serum Biochemistry of Rabbit

Evaluation of Sex and Feed form on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Economic Benefit and Serum Biochemistry of Rabbit

Effect of hydroponic barley fodder on growth performance, carcass yield and carcass quality of cobb 500 broilers

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydroponic barley fodder supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield and carcass quality of Cobb 500 broilers. An accustomed proper feeding and brooding have been given to the chicks for up to three weeks of age. After three weeks, 144 three-week-old birds were randomly assigned to four treatments and replicated three times with 12 chicks per replication in a completely randomized design. Treatments were arranged as follows; T1: Home formulated Broiler diet (control group), T2: Home formulated Broiler diet +3.5 % hydroponic barley fodder, T3: Home formulated Broiler diet +7 % hydroponic barley fodder, and T4: Home formulated Broiler diet +10.5 % hydroponic barley fodder. The proximate analysis revealed that, hydroponic barley fodder contained 15.63 % crude protein, 10.6 crude fiber, and 4.04 ether extract. Increasing the level of hydroponic barley fodder was associated with an improvement of both growth performance and weight of carcass components of Cobb 500 broilers. Higher average daily feed intake (112.72 g/bird), daily body weight gain (56.37 g/bird), total body weight gain (1579.39 g/4 weeks) were obtained from T4 (home formulated feed +10.5 % HBF). Similarly, higher feed conversion efficiency (1.99 g of feed/g of weight gain) was recorded in T4. Hydroponic barley fodder had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the mortality rate and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Economically, the highest net return was obtained from birds fed on T4 (Home formulated Broiler diet +10.5 % hydroponic barley fodder). In conclusion, supplementing hydroponic barley fodder up to 10.5 % improves carcass characteristics and result higher net income compared to other treatments. The current study recommended that further investigation like inclusion and substitution trial should be conducted to determine whether hydroponic barley fodder can replace expensive poultry ration ingredients.