Incorporating two-dimensional carbon materials into magnesium alloys has notably improved both their mechanical strength and resistance to corrosion. This study specifically investigated AZ91D composites containing graphene, carboxyl graphene, and graphene oxide, which were synthesized using spark plasma sintering. Results revealed that AZ91D-0.1 GC exhibited superior mechanical properties, while AZ91D-0.1G showed exceptional resistance to corrosion. Despite being categorized similarly, their distinct structural characteristics led to varying mechanical and corrosion performance. Molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to explore the compression behavior of graphene-reinforced AZ91D alloy, while the phase-field method simulated the sintering of particles. A comprehensive understanding of these materials' behavior is critical for their further application in engineering.