Carbonization Of Coal Tar Pitch Research Articles

Enhancement of coal tar pitch carbonization with biochar: A metallurgical formed biocoke product produced by waste coke breeze and bamboo powder

The combustion of pulverized fuels in industrial production is inefficient and aggravates haze formation. A novel and green approach via synergetic using two solid waste resources (waste bamboo powder and waste coke breeze) for producing formed biocoke products as a metallurgical coke substitute was proposed in this study. A biochar with high fixed carbon (87.32 %) and low volatiles (2.49 %) was obtained by bamboo powder pyrolysis at 1000 °C for 30 min. Adding this biochar can enhance the strength of the formed coke product prepared using coke breeze with coal tar pitch as the binder. The cracks and pores between coke breeze particles inside the product can be filled by biochar, increasing the product's density. Furthermore, the carbonization of coal tar pitch as the binder can be improved by adding biochar, further enhancing the product strength. A formed biocoke product, with 34.5 MPa compressive strength, 41.29 % CSR and 30.59 % CRI, was obtained at a 2:8 mass ratio (biochar to coke breeze) by carbonization at 1100 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 min. The experiments of simulating blast furnace production using mixtures of the formed biocoke product with the metallurgical coke (with 21.12 % CRI and 64.58 % CSR) in different mass ratios were carried out. 4 % of the metallurgical coke for blast furnace ironmaking can be replaced by obtained formed biocoke product. This study achieved sustainable high-value-added recycling of coke solid waste resources. It can be an essential reference for recycling other pulverized solid fuels.

A durable quasi-solid-state zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor with coal tar pitch derived carbon material

In this work, a porous carbon material (KCC) was prepared by using the coal tar pitch carbon source and energeticZn-basedmetal–organicframework template, which exhibits a high specific surface area (1527.0 m2/g), a high capacity of 133.9 mAh/g, excellent rate performance (50.4% retention at 20 A/g), and long-term cycle stability (103.3% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). Additionally, a gelatin/polyacrylamide/κ-carrageenan/Zn(CF3SO3)2 hydrogel electrolyte (G/PAAm/κ-CG/Zn(CF3SO3)2) was also constructed. The quasi-solid-state Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitor based on KCC and G/PAAm/κ-CG/Zn(CF3SO3)2 delivers a specific capacity of 85.0 mAh/g at 0.25 A/g, 50.5% capacity retention at 20 A/g, high energy/power densities, and satisfactory cycle stability.

Pitch derived graphene oxides: Characterization and effect on pyrolysis and carbonization of coal tar pitch

In this work, the coal tar pitch (CTP) is modified by the pitch derived graphene oxide (pGO) prepared from the same CTP using ZnO template and in-situ KOH activation technique. The results indicate that the prepared pGO has the oxygen-containing functional groups with a high specific surface area up to 1937 m2/g. The mass ratio of ZnO to pitch is crucial to adjust the surface area of pGO. The pGO modified CTP have more condensed structures of pyrolysis products with increased structural regularity. This is also paralleled with enhanced microstructure development of mesophase spheres and their transforming into more orderly lamellar structure, due to the increased surface area and active role of the pGO additions. Such structure changes and reduced weight loss in pyrolysis and carbonization are beneficial for improving coke yield of CTP. The result reported is of great significance for exploring potential high value utilization of CTP.

Calculated Estimates of the Level of Strength and Parameters of Thermal Stability for Carbon–Carbon Composites Obtained with the Isostatic Technology of Carbon Matrix Production

Calculated strength and thermal stability estimates are presented for carbon–carbon composites obtained during the formation of a carbon matrix via the carbonization of coal-tar pitch under high pressure. The estimates are compared to results from the acceptance testing of commercially available material.

Facile synthesis of nitrogen, sulfur dual-doped porous carbon via carbonization of coal tar pitch and MgCl2·6H2O for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace platinum (Pt)-based catalysts is a promising strategy. Herein, nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) dual-doped porous carbons (NS@C-x-y) were prepared via a one-step carbonization of the mixture of acid treatment coal tar pitch (CTP) and MgCl2·6H2O, through in situ self-generating MgO template route. N and S were successfully introduced into the carbon framework of CTP by mixed acid treatment, leading to N, S co-doping especially pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, and C-S-C as ORR active sites. Benefiting from the fluffy lump graphitic structure, large surface areas, and synergistic effect between N and S electrocatalytic sites, the resulting samples demonstrate superior ORR performances with the highest diffusion-limited current density of 5.97 mA cm−2 and half-wave potential of 0.82 V (vs. RHE), long-term stability, and excellent methanol tolerance in alkaline medium, which are competitive with Pt/C catalyst.

Characterization and Damage Evaluation of Coal Tar Pitch Carbon Matrix Used in Carbon/Carbon Composites

Flexure, compressive, and shear properties of the carbon matrix in carbon/carbon (C/C) composites made via a pitch impregnation method have been determined. The pitch carbon matrix was made using the same densification cycle used in making the C/C composite. Cyclic compression tests were performed on the matrix specimens. While unloading, a reduction in modulus was observed and residual strains were observed on complete unloading. These features were attributed to the presence of damage and plasticity in the densified matrix. A J 2 plasticity model with damage was used to simulate this behavior numerically. The parameters required for plasticity and damage model were evaluated iteratively by comparing the results in experiments with simulation.

Facile Synthesis of Carbon-Coated Silicon/Graphite Spherical Composites for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

A high-performance Si/carbon/graphite composite in which Si nanoparticles are attached onto the surface of natural graphite by carbonization of coal-tar pitch is proposed for use in lithium-ion batteries. This multicomponent structure is favorable for improving Li(+) storage capability because the amorphous carbon layer encapsulating Si nanoparticles offers sufficient electric conductivity and strong elasticity to facilitate relaxation of strain caused by electrochemical reaction of Si during cycles. The Si/carbon/graphite composite exhibits a specific capacity of 712 mAh g(-1) at a constant current density of 130 mA g(-1), and maintains more than 80% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles. Moreover, it shows a high capacity retention of approximately 88% even at a high current density of 5 C (3250 mA g(-1)). On the basis of electrochemical and structural analyses, we suggest that a rational design of the Si/carbon/graphite composite is mainly responsible for delivering a high reversible capacity and stable cycle performance. Furthermore, the proposed synthetic route for the Si/carbon/graphite composite is simple and cost-effective for mass production.

Preparation of fluffy graphene nanosheets from coal-tar pitch with nano-Al2O3 as filler

A simple method for high-yield production of fluffy few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNs) was developed. Results show that the GNs with crystalline structure can be prepared by direct carbonization of coal-tar pitch with nano-Al2O3 as filler.

Effect of Pressure on Carbonization of Coal Tar Pitch of Different Composition

The effect of carbonization pressure for coal tar pitch of different composition on pyrolysis product properties is studied. The aim of the work is evaluation of dynamics and routes of forming the main coal tar pitch pyrolysis products under pressure and determination of pyrolysis product properties. It is established that with an increase in initial carbonizing pressure there is an increase in coke residue yield by 88.5 and 7.7% for low-temperature and high-temperature pitches respectively. The effect of α-fraction on final product microstructure is demonstrated. With an increase in α-fraction content by a factor of 3.7 the coke residue yield increases by 88.5, 60, and 55% for an initial pressure of 21, 11, and 1 bar respectively. It is revealed that with an increase in initial pressure there is an increase in primary product content and formation of new compounds within pyrolysis products is facilitated.

XRD Characterization of the Structure of Graphites and Carbon Materials Obtained by the Low-Temperature Graphitization of Coal Tar Pitch

The structure of some commercial graphites and carbon materials (CMs) obtained by the low-temperature catalytic graphitization of coal tar pitch with iron salt, needle coke, foamed graphite as the catalysts has been studied. The study was performed using the X-ray diffraction technique with reflections from base plane and their decomposition into two components corresponding to the structural phases of graphite which have different XRD characteristics. Various CMs were compared with respect to the structural phase ratio, distance between polyarene layers in these phases, and sizes of the coherent scattering regions. The (004) reflection provided a better fit of some properties of graphites to the calculated XRD characteristics as compared to calculation from the (002) reflection. In the case of carbonization of coal tar pitch with investigated catalyst additions, prepared carbon materials have a higher degree of graphitization and a crystallite size greater than in the other case of carbonization of the individual pitch. The highest catalytic activity is shown by foamed graphite. It was found that the use of foamed graphite as the catalyst at 800-900 ºC produced carbon materials possessing a crystalline structure with interplanar spacing close to that in commercial graphites, while in the absence of catalyst the coal tar pitch material has an amorphous structure.

05/01479 Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation: Maciá-Agulló, J. A. et al. Carbon, 2004, 42, (7), 1367–1370

05/01479 Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation: Maciá-Agulló, J. A. et al. Carbon, 2004, 42, (7), 1367–1370

Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation

Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation

Activation of coal tar pitch carbon fibres: Physical activation vs. chemical activation

Activated carbon fibres (ACF) are obtained mainly by physical activation with steam or carbon dioxide. Additionally, there are many papers dealing with chemical activation of carbon fibres, or a polymeric raw material, with several chemical agents like for example, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, aluminium chloride,… Nevertheless, although it is well known that hydroxides are good activating agents, there are few papers about the activation of carbon fibres with KOH or NaOH. In the present work, ACF with high surface area are obtained by chemical activation with KOH and NaOH. Both chemical agents present different behaviour; thus, NaOH developed the highest value of porosity and KOH developed samples with narrower micropore size distribution. In order to compare the results with those obtained by physical activation, some ACF have been prepared using CO 2 activation. The main conclusion of this work is that by using chemical activation it is possible to obtain similar, or even higher, porosity (∼1 ml/g, ∼3000 m 2/g) than by physical activation. However, chemical activation presents two important advantages: (1) a much higher yield (27–47% for chemical activation and 6% physical activation for ∼2500 m 2/g activated carbon fibres) and (2) the surface of the fibres prepared by chemical activation is less damaged than by physical activation.

Charge/discharge characteristics of the coal-tar pitch carbon as negative electrode in Li-ion batteries

The charge/discharge characteristics were studied for the coal-tar pitch-based carbon (CTPC), which was pyrolyzed under the condition to form anisotropic mesophase pitch and then heat treated at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1300°C in N 2 atmosphere. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the reversible capacity for the CTPC increased progressively up to 1000°C, while the irreversible capacity decreased continuously. Carbons synthesized through the extraction of anisotropic mesophases showed higher reversible and lower irreversible capacities than the directly pyrolyzed ones.

97/04465 Hydrogenation and carbonization of coal tar pitch using organometallic complexes: Ishihara, A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS '97, Volume 2), 665–668

97/04465 Hydrogenation and carbonization of coal tar pitch using organometallic complexes: Ishihara, A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS '97, Volume 2), 665–668

96/05951 Effect of iodine treatment on carbonization of coal tar pitch

96/05951 Effect of iodine treatment on carbonization of coal tar pitch

96/05970 Kinetic study of the catalytic carbonization of coal tar pitch -petroleum coke mixtures

The rate of carbonization has important impacts on the energy consumption and the productivity in baking process of reduction anodes. In the present work the carbonization of coal tar pitch-petroleum coke mixtures with catalysts, such as S, AlCl{sub 3}, AlF{sub 3}, and Fe{sub 2}Cp{sub 2}(CO){sub 4}, was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and kinetic analysis of the data. It was found that the pyrolysis temperature for non-coking volatiles decreased with catalysts, and that the coke yield of pitch binder increased. Almost all the sulfur and most of the iron from the additives can be removed during heat treatment, while the remaining aluminum in the residues may not be harmful.

96/04894 Carbonization of coal-tar pitch dehydrogenated by sulfur

New assays for carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B were developedusing polypeptides prepared from proteins as substrates. The substrates were prepared by treating casein with either α-chymotrypsin or trypsin and then reductively methylating the amino groups of the resulting mixtures of peptides with NaBH4 and HCHO. Reductively methylated chymotrypsin-treated casein and reductively methylated trypsin-treated casein were relatively specific substrates for carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B, respectively. Hydrolysis of COOH-terminal amino acids was quantitatively measured by reaction of newly formed amino groups with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Controls containing the substrates without additions of the carboxypeptidases gave very low blank values with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid because of the unreactivity of this reagent with dimethylamino groups.As little as 0.1 μg of either enzymes was adequate for assay. The pH optima for both enzymes were similar to the optima of these enzymes on dipeptides, but the pH profiles were broader. Carboxypeptidase B did not hydrolyze COOH-terminal ε-N,N-dimethyllysines, but it rapidly hydrolyzed COOH-terminal homoarginines.

96/01513 Rheological properties and carbonization of coal-tar pitch

96/01513 Rheological properties and carbonization of coal-tar pitch

Effect of iodine treatment on carbonization of coal tar pitch

Effect of iodine treatment on carbonization of coal tar pitch