Substitutional Carbon Research Articles

Single-spin resonance in a van der Waals embedded paramagnetic defect.

A plethora of single-photon emitters have been identified in the atomic layers of two-dimensional van der Waals materials1-8. Here, we report on a set of isolated optical emitters embedded in hexagonal boron nitride that exhibit optically detected magnetic resonance. The defect spins show an isotropic ge-factor of ~2 and zero-field splitting below 10 MHz. The photokinetics of one type of defect is compatible with ground-state electron-spin paramagnetism. The narrow and inhomogeneously broadened magnetic resonance spectrum differs significantly from the known spectra of in-plane defects. We determined a hyperfine coupling of ~10 MHz. Its angular dependence indicates an unpaired, out-of-plane delocalized π-orbital electron, probably originating from substitutional impurity atoms. We extracted spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of 13-17 μs with estimated spin coherence times T2 of less than 1 μs. Our results provide further insight into the structure, composition and dynamics of single optically active spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride.

Hybrid assemblies of octagonal C and BN monolayers and their electronic properties

Two-dimensional materials and their assemblies have attracted considerable attention due to their versatile properties for various applications. Among them, recently proposed octagonal monolayers (o-MLs) of C and BN are investigated for thermal, dynamical, and energetic stability. These robust o-MLs are then probed for patterned hybrid assemblies due to inherent low lattice mismatch and metallic and wide bandgap insulator combination to study their electronic structure for applications. Carbon substitution in boron nitride in the form of eight membered rings is found to be stable, and the variation of the substituted rings in the patterned hybrid o-MLs changes the structure from an insulating phase to a metallic phase. Such predicted structures may provide impetus for their practical realization.

In-Situ Manufacturing of SiC-Doped MgB2 Used for Superconducting Wire

Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is a highly potential superconducting material, in substitution of Nb3Sn, which has a critical temperature of ~ 39 K. This synthesis and manufacturing of MgB2 wire were conducted by in-situ powder in tube (PIT). The method doped with silicon carbide (SiC) was aimed to study the effect of phase formation on carbon substitution and morphological characteristics with the motivation to improve superconductivity properties. Magnesium, boron, and SiC powders were synthesized and functionally processed with stainless Steel 304 tube. Heat treatment was conducted at 750℃, 800℃, and 850℃ for 2 hours followed by furnace cooling. Characterization was carried out by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cryogenic magnet testing. The results showed that 1% SiC optimally increased the zero critical temperature of MgB2 ~ 37.18 K along with the sintering at 750℃ for 2 hours.

Empowering hydrogen storage properties of haeckelite monolayers via metal atom functionalization

Using hydrogen as an energy carrier requires new technological solutions for its onboard storage. The exploration of two-dimensional (2D) materials for hydrogen storage technologies has been motivated by their open structures, which facilitates fast hydrogen kinetics. Herein, the hydrogen storage properties of lightweight metal functionalized r57 haeckelite sheets are studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. H2 molecules are adsorbed on pristine r57 via physisorption. The hydrogen storage capacity of r57 is improved by decorating it with alkali and alkaline-earth metals. In addition, the in-plane substitution of r57 carbons with boron atoms (B@r57) both prevents the clustering of metals on the surface of 2D material and increases the hydrogen storage capacity by improving the adsorption thermodynamics of hydrogen molecules. Among the studied compounds, B@r57-Li4, with its 10.0 wt% H2 content and 0.16 eV/H2 hydrogen binding energy, is a promising candidate for hydrogen storage applications. A further investigation, as based on the calculated electron localization functions, atomic charges, and electronic density of states, confirm the electrostatic nature of interactions between the H2 molecules and the protruding metal atoms on 2D haeckelite sheets. All in all, this work contributes to a better understanding of pure carbon and B-doped haeckelites for hydrogen storage.

Recombinant IGF-1 Induces Sex-Specific Changes in Bone Composition and Remodeling in Adult Mice with Pappa2 Deficiency.

Deficiency of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2), an IGF-1 availability regulator, causes postnatal growth failure and dysregulation of bone size and density. The present study aimed to determine the effects of recombinant murine IGF-1 (rmIGF-1) on bone composition and remodeling in constitutive Pappa2 knock-out (ko/ko) mice. To address this challenge, X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and gene expression analysis of members of the IGF-1 system and bone resorption/formation were performed. Pappa2ko/ko mice (both sexes) had reduced body and bone length. Male Pappa2ko/ko mice had specific alterations in bone composition (mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution and mineral crystallinity), but not in bone remodeling. In contrast, decreases in collagen maturity and increases in Igfbp3, osteopontin (resorption) and osteocalcin (formation) characterized the bone of Pappa2ko/ko females. A single rmIGF-1 administration (0.3 mg/kg) induced short-term changes in bone composition in Pappa2ko/ko mice (both sexes). rmIGF-1 treatment in Pappa2ko/ko females also increased collagen maturity, and Igfbp3, Igfbp5, Col1a1 and osteopontin expression. In summary, acute IGF-1 treatment modifies bone composition and local IGF-1 response to bone remodeling in mice with Pappa2 deficiency. These effects depend on sex and provide important insights into potential IGF-1 therapy for growth failure and bone loss and repair.

Altered collagen chemical compositional structure in osteopenic women with past fractures: A case-control Raman spectroscopic study.

Incidences of low-trauma fractures among osteopenic women may be related to changes in bone quality. In this blinded, prospective-controlled study, compositional and heterogeneity contributors of bone quality to fracture risk were examined. We hypothesize that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate between osteopenic women with one or more fractures (cases) from women without fractures (controls). This study involved the Raman spectroscopic analysis of cortical and cancellous bone composition using iliac crest biopsies obtained from 59-cases and 59-controls, matched for age (62.0±7.5 and 61.7±7.3years, respectively, p=0.38) and hip bone mineral density (BMD, 0.827±0.083 and 0.823±0.072g/cm3, respectively, p=0.57). Based on aggregate univariate case-control and odds ratio based logistic regression analyses, we discovered two Raman ratiometric parameters that were predictive of past fracture risk. Specifically, 1244/1268 and 1044/959cm-1 ratios, were identified as the most differential aspects of bone quality in cortical cases with odds ratios of 0.617 (0.406-0.938 95% CI, p=0.024) and 1.656 (1.083-2.534 95% CI, p=0.020), respectively. Both 1244/1268 and 1044/959cm-1 ratios exhibited moderate sensitivity (59.3-64.4%) but low specificity (49.2-52.5%). These results suggest that the organization of mineralized collagen fibrils were significantly altered in cortical cases compared to controls. In contrast, compositional and heterogeneity parameters related to mineral/matrix ratios, B-type carbonate substitutions, and mineral crystallinity, were not significantly different between cases and controls. In conclusion, a key outcome of this study is the significant odds ratios obtained for two Raman parameters (1244/1268 and 1044/959cm-1 ratios), which from a diagnostic perspective, may assist in the screening of osteopenic women with suspected low-trauma fractures. One important implication of these findings includes considering the possibility that changes in the organization of collagen compositional structure plays a far greater role in postmenopausal women with osteopenic fractures.

Correction to: Role of Maturation Temperature on Structural Substitution of Carbonate in Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Correction to: Role of Maturation Temperature on Structural Substitution of Carbonate in Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Conversion of lime mud waste to hydroxyapatite biomaterials

An economical method to convert a lime mud (LM) waste from the pulp and paper manufacturing process to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) was first introduced. In this work, LM was used as a calcium precursor source to synthesize single phase nHA through the chemical precipitation method with ammonium phosphate dibasic as the phosphate precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation confirmed that the produced nHA had rod-like nanocrystals with an average crystal size of 30 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the pure phase of nHA. The synthesized nHA was identified as AB-type carbonate substitution using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The concentration of toxic elements contained in the synthesized HA was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The result showed that HA nanocrystals prepared in this work contained lower concentration of toxic heavy metals than the concentration limits suggested by ASTM.

Nondestructive silicon wafer recovery by a novel method of solvothermal swelling coupled with thermal decomposition

• 86.11% of Si-wafers in commercial PV module can be reclaimed without damage. • The formation of gas release channels contributes to the nondestructive recovery. • PV backsheet removal avoids the fluorine-containing gas emission. • Solvothermal swelling strategy provides significant time and organic solvent savings. • The reclaimed silicon wafer meets the requirements of new PV module fabrication. End-of-life (EoL) photovoltaic (PV) waste is becoming a severe environmental issue worldwide. Developing technologies to reclaim nondestructive and reusable silicon wafers (Si-wafers) is the most appealing way to solve this problem, saving ~40% on PV module production costs, but it remains a great challenge. Herein, we develop a novel method of coupling solvothermal swelling with thermal decomposition (SSTD) for structure-intact Si-wafers recovery. Laboratory-scale studies reveal that undamaged Si-wafers can be easily obtained by conducting a solvothermal swelling process in advance to build channels for the quick, horizontal release of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) thermal decomposition gas. Using scaling-up equipment, 86.11% of Si-wafers in commercial PV module are reclaimed without any damage, nearly 10-fold higher than that of thermal decomposition alone (9.26%). Moreover, PV backsheet can be depolymerized with specially designed solvents (toluene-ethanol), greatly facilitating swelling by exposing EVA directly to toluene vapor and reducing the emission of fluorine-containing gas pollutants. The reclaimed Si-wafers are comparable to the originals, with the following properties: interstitial oxygen, <6 × 10 17 atoms·cm −3 ; substitutional carbon, <5 × 10 17 atoms·cm −3 ; resistivity, 1.84 Ω·cm; and minority carrier lifetime, 3.92 μs.

Biochemical and Morphological Abnormalities of Subchondral Bone and Their Association with Cartilage Degeneration in Spontaneous Osteoarthritis.

This study aims to investigate how biochemical composition in subchondral bone (SB) relates to the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of articular cartilage (AC) in the knee joint of guinea pigs from the early to moderate osteoarthritis (OA). Male Dunkin Hartley strain guinea pigs were grouped according to age (1, 3, 6, and 9months, with 10 guinea pigs in each group). The biochemical properties of the AC and SB in the tibial plateau of the guinea pigs were determined through histology and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the microstructures of the SB were investigated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Increased thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased porosity were observed in the subchondral plate (SP) with the progression of spontaneous OA, accompanied by a decreasing trend in sGAG integrated optical density (IOD) of AC. Compared with the changes in the microstructure of subchondral bone, the content of sGAG was more correlated to the changes in the mineral/matrix ratio of subchondral bone. The mineralization of the matrix was significantly correlated to the content of sGAG compared with crystallinity/maturity and Type B carbonate substitution. PO43- ν1/Amide III was more correlated to the content of sGAG than PO43- ν1/Amide I, PO43- ν1/CH2 wag during the progression of spontaneous osteoarthritis. This study demonstrated that the mineralization of subchondral bone plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA. Future studies may access to the mineralization of subchondral bone in addition to its microstructure in the study for pathogenesis and early diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

Carbonate and cation substitutions in hydroxylapatite in breast cancer micro-calcifications

Abstract Calcification within breast cancer is a diagnostically significant radiological feature that generally consists of hydroxylapatite. Samples from 30 cases of breast carcinoma with calcification were investigated using optical microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission-electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Under optical microscopy, the calcifications were found to consist of either irregular aggregates with widths &gt; 200 μm or spherical aggregates similar to psammoma bodies with an average diameter of 30 μm. Transmission-electron microscopy showed that short columnar or dumbbell-shaped crystals with widths of 10–15 nm and lengths of 20–50 nm were the most common morphology; spherical aggregates (~1 μm in diameter) with amorphous coatings of fibrous nanocrystals were also observed. Results indicated that hydroxylapatite was the dominant mineral phase in the calcifications, and both CO32– and cation substitutions (Na, Mg, Zn, Fe, Sr, Cu and Mn) were present in the hydroxylapatite structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectra show peaks at 872 and 880 cm–1 indicating that CO32– substituted both the OH– (A type) and PO43– (B type) sites of hydroxylapatite, making it an A and B mixed type. The ratio of B- to A-type substitution was estimated in the range of 1.1–18.7 from the ratio of peak intensities (I872/I880), accompanied with CO32– contents from 1.1% to 14.5%. Trace arsenic, detected in situ by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence was found to be distributed uniformly in the calcifications in the form of AsO43– substituting for PO43–. It is therefore proposed that identifying these trace elements in breast cancer calcifications may be promising for future clinical diagnostics.

Role of Maturation Temperature on Structural Substitution of Carbonate in Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

The phosphorus (P) release efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs), a novel controlled-release fertilizer, could potentially be tuned by introducing carbonate ions into the crystal lattice. We used an atom-efficient synthesis method for carbonated HANPs from CO2-oversaturated phosphoric acid before neutralization with Ca(OH)2. The effect of the maturation temperature on the physicochemical properties of the HANPs was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nano-FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The overall content of carbonate incorporated into the apatite decreased significantly after maturation at 150°C to 2.2 wt.%, compare with 6.6 wt.% and 7.4 wt.% after maturation at 45°C and 95°C, respectively. The ratio of A- to B-type carbonate was 53:46 for HANPs maturated at 45°C, where all columnar hydroxyls were replaced by carbonate. The presence of an amorphous layer in the crystalline apatite was confirmed by modulating the laser strength in nano-FTIR spectroscopy. The ability to tune the carbonate content provides a basis for testing the resulting solubility changes in in vitro and field settings.

Influence of low dose naltrexone on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal advanced glycation end-products and nano-mechanical properties in type 2 diabetic mice bone

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) commonly affects the bone mineral phase and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which eventually led to changes in bone material properties on the nano and macro-scale. Several anti-diabetic compounds are widely used to control high blood sugar or glucose caused by T2DM. Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), an opiate receptor antagonist, and a known TLR4 antagonist, treatment can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat-diet (HFD) induced T2DM mice. However, the influences of LDN on the local bone quality, mineralization of the bone, and the skeletal AGEs levels have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of LDN on Raman assisted bone quality, skeletal AGEs (determined by Raman spectroscopy), and nano-mechanical properties in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. In order to investigate these, mice and corresponding bones were divided into four groups (divided based on diet and treatment), (a) normal control diet treated with saline water, (b) normal control diet treated with LDN, (c) HFD treated with saline water, and (d) HFD treated with LDN. In T2DM condition (HFD treated with saline water), alteration of Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality including mineral-to-matrix ratios, carbonate substitution, mineral crystallinity, and collagen quality was observed. Our data also indicated that T2DM enhances the skeletal AGEs, and impairs the nano-mechanical properties. Interestingly, present results indicated that LDN controls the Raman-based compositional measures in bone quality in HFD induced T2DM mice bone. Additionally, LDN also protects the alteration of the skeletal AGEs levels and nano-mechanical properties in T2DM mice bone. This study concluded that LDN can control the HFD induced T2DM affected bone abnormalities at multiple hierarchical levels.

Interstitial carbon defects in silicon. A quantum mechanical characterization through the infrared and Raman spectra.

The Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of various interstitial carbon defects in silicon are computed at the quantum mechanical level by using an all electron Gaussian type basis set, the hybrid B3LYP functional and the supercell approach, as implemented in the CRYSTAL code (Dovesi et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 152, 204111). The list includes two 〈100〉 split interstitial IXY defects, namely ICC and ICSi , a couple of related defects that we indicate as IX IY , the so called in its A and B form, as well as SiCi Si and Cs Ci Cs , in which the interstitial carbon atom is twofold coordinated. The second undergoes a large relaxation, and the final configuration is close to ICC Cs . Geometries, relative stabilities, electronic, and vibrational properties are analysed. All these defects show characteristic features in their IR spectrum (above 730 cm- 1 ), whereas the Raman spectrum is dominated, in most of the cases, by the pristine silicon peak at 530 cm-1 , that hides the defect peaks.

First-Principles Identification of Single Photon Emitters Based on Carbon Clusters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

A recent study associates carbon with single photon emitters (SPEs) in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). This observation, together with the high mobility of carbon in h-BN, suggests the existence of SPEs based on carbon clusters. Here, by means of density functional theory calculations, we studied clusters of substitutional carbon atoms up to tetramers in h-BN. Two different conformations of neutral carbon trimers have zero-point line energies and shifts of the phonon sideband compatible with typical photoluminescence spectra. Moreover, some conformations of two small C clusters next to each other result in photoluminescence spectra similar to those found in the experiments. We also showed that vacancies are unable to reproduce the typical features of the phonon sideband observed in most measurements because of the large spectral weight of low-energy breathing modes, ubiquitous in such defects.

The carbon state in dilute germanium carbides

Conduction and valence band states for the highly mismatched alloy (HMA) Ge:C are projected onto Ge crystal states, Ge vacancy states, and Ge/C atomic orbitals, revealing that substitutional carbon not only creates a direct bandgap but also the new conduction band is optically active. Overlap integrals of the new Ge:C conduction band state with states from unperturbed Ge show that the new band cannot be attributed to any single Ge band but is a mixture of multiple Ge states. The Ge Γ conduction band valley state plays the largest single role, but L and X valley states collectively contribute a larger share than Γ due to the multiplicity of degenerate states. C sites structurally resemble uncharged vacancies in the Ge lattice, similar to Hjalmarson's model for other HMAs. C also perturbs the entire Ge band structure even at the deepest crystal core energy levels, particularly if staggered supercells are used to mimic a disordered alloy. Projection onto atomic sites shows a relatively weak localization compared with other HMAs, but it does show a strong anisotropy in probability distribution. L-valley conduction band states in Ge contribute to the conduction band minimum in Ge:C, but the optical transition strength in Ge:C remains within a factor of 2 of the direct gap transition in Ge.

Pourbaix-Guided Mineralization and Site-Selective Photoluminescence Properties of Rare Earth Substituted B-Type Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

Rare-earth labeling in biological apatite could provide critical information for the pathologic transition (osteoclastic) and physiologic regeneration (osteogenesis) of bone and teeth because of their characteristic site-sensitive fluorescence in different coordinative conditions of various tissues in many biological processes. However, the rare-earth labeling method for biological apatites, i.e., carbonated-hydroxyapatite, has been rarely found in the literature. In this paper, we report a Pourbaix-diagram guided mineralizing strategy to controllable carbonation and doping of rare-earth ions in the hydroxyapatite (HA) lattice. The carbonation process of hydroxyapatite was achieved by controllable mineralization in hydrothermal condition with K2CO3 as the carbonate source, which results into the pure B-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with tunable carbonate substitution degree. All of the as-synthesized materials crystalized into P63/m (No. 176) space group with the lattice parameter of a decreases and c increases with the increasing of carbonate content in the reactants. Structural refinement results revealed that the substitution of planar CO32− is superimposed on one of the faces of PO43− tetrahedral sub-units with a rotation angle of 30° in reference to c-axis. All of the hydrothermally synthesized CHA nanocrystals show hexagonal rod-like morphology with the length of 70–110 nm and diameter of 21–35 nm, and the decreasing length/diameter ratio from 3.61 to 2.96 from low to high carbonated level of the samples. Five rare-earth cations, of Pr3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Ho3+, were used as possible probe ions that can be doped into either HA or CHA lattice. The site-preference of Tb3+ doping is the same in the crystallographic site of HA and CHA according to characteristic emission peaks of 5D4–7Fj (j = 3–6) transitions in their photoluminescent spectroscopy. Our work provides a controllable carbonation method for rare-earth labeling hydroxyapatite nanomaterials with potential biologically active implant powders for bone repair and tissue regeneration.

Simulation of infrared spectra of trace impurities in silicon wafers based on the multiple transmission\u2013reflection infrared method

The content of trace impurities, such as interstitial oxygen and substitutional carbon, in silicon is crucial in determining the mechanical and physical characteristics of silicon wafers. The traditional infrared (IR) method is adopted as a normal means to analyse their concentration at home and abroad, but there are two problems. The first problem is the poor representativeness of a single local sampling point because the impurity distribution in a solid sample is not as uniform as that in a liquid sample. The second problem is that interference fringes appear in the infrared spectra of the sample due to the thin wafer (≤ 300 μm thick). Based on this, controversial issues existed regarding the measured trace impurity concentrations between wafer manufacturers and solar cell assembly businessmen who used silicon sheets made by the former. Therefore, multiple transmission-reflection (MTR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy was proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. In the MTR setup, because light passes through different parts of the silicon chip several times, multiple sampling points make the final result more representative. Moreover, the optical path is lengthened, and the corresponding absorbance is enhanced. In addition to amplification of weak signals, the MTR-IR method can eliminate interference fringes via the integrating sphere effect of its special configuration. The signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding spectrum is considerably improved due to the aforementioned dual effects. Thus, the accuracy and sensitivity of the detection method for trace impurities in silicon chips are greatly increased. In this study, silicon wafers were placed in the MTR setup, and then, their relative properties at room temperature were investigated. The corresponding theoretical calculation and simulation of infrared spectra of silicon chips were provided. This affords an optional method for the semiconductor material industry to analyse trace impurities in their chips.

Carbonate substitution significantly affects the structure and mechanics of carbonated apatites

Bone mineral comprises nanoparticles of carbonate-substituted bioapatite similar to hydroxylapatite. Yet mechanical values of macroscopic-sized geological hydroxylapatite are often used to model bone properties due to a lack of experimental data for bioapatite. Here, we investigated the effects of carbonate substitution and hydration on biomimetic apatite response to load using in situ hydrostatic pressure loading and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. We find that increasing carbonate levels reduced the bulk modulus and elastic strain ratio. Elastic constants, determined using computational optimization techniques, revealed that compliance values and elastic moduli decreased with increasing carbonate content, likely a result of decreased bond strength due to CO32− substitution and Ca2+ loss. Hydration environment had no clear effects on the elastic properties likely due to dissolution and reprecipitation processes modifying the crystal structure organization. These results reinforce the need to consider carbonate composition when selecting mechanical properties and provide robust data for carbonate-substituted apatite stiffness.

Poultry by-products as source of collagen, nanokeratin and bioapatite for biomedical use

Xenogeneic sources are attractive for the development of natural and sustainable biomaterials. The objective of this study was to extract and perform the physicochemical and biological characterization of poultry collagen (G1), nanokeratin (G2) and bioapatite (G3). The test materials were analyzed through SEM, FTIR, TGA, EDS and DRX. The in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation of the materials were analyzed histopathologically in mice at 1, 3 and 9 weeks post-subcutaneous grafting compared to positive (collagen or commercial bone) and negative (no graft) controls. The obtained data was submitted to intergroup statistical analysis using the ANOVA method with the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test, and differences were considered significant for p < 0.05. G1 had an irregular filamentous microstructure typical of type I collagen, a band spectrum of amide A, I, II and III, common to proteins and compatible with triple helix maintenance, and mass loss after 40.5 °C. G2 had blades of various sizes with rough surface, with bands of amide I, II and reduced amide A and mass loss after 50 °C. G3 presented as white powder, free of organic matter, Ca/P ratio of 1.54, bands of type A and B carbonate substitution, high crystallinity and mass loss after 150 °C. All groups exhibited biocompatibility, with a non-irritating pattern in G1 and slight irritation in G2 and G3, while biodegradation was complete in G1 and G2 and partial in G3. The observed biomimicry, biocompatibility and biodegradation suggest the potential of poultry collagen and nanokeratin as hemostatic agents and bioapatite for bone grafting, requiring future orthotopic efficacy studies.