Corrosion Inhibition Of Carbon Steel Research Articles

Expired flunarizine hydrochloride as corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid medium: Experimental and computational investigation

The corrosion of carbon steel is always a very serious issue, and the addition of corrosion inhibitors is an effective approach to prohibiting the corrosion of carbon steel. Because expired drugs are environmentally friendly, green, and non‐toxic; thus, this work provides a new idea for the treatment of expired drugs. The expired flunarizine hydrochloride (FH) is used as corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel, investigating the corrosion inhibition efficiency of expired FH with different concentrations for carbon steel and illustrating the corrosion inhibition mechanism. Electrochemical impedance and Tafel curves are used to investigate the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel under 1 M HCl solution with different concentrations of the expired FH, and the corrosion efficiency is calculated according to the immersion tests, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency is more than 88.5%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy strongly support the results of the electrochemical experiment. Besides, the simulation results also provide the strong supports for the experimental results.

Manufacturing of Corrosion Inhibitors and Flow Improvers from Recycling of Waste at Hail City, Saudi Arabia: Physicochemical and Electrochemical Studies on Steel in Petroleum Industries.

The aim of the present research paper is to convert daily waste materials generated by human activity at Hail city into useful petroleum additives. In this respect, novel multifunctional corrosion inhibitors working as inhibitors and flow improvers for crude oil were prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors and flow improvers for petroleum crude oil. A multifunctional corrosion inhibitor for the SABIC carbon steel in corrosive seawater for application in the petroleum industry was manufactured using PET waste that was gathered, cleaned, and used as starting materials. The PET green recycling method takes place via the Abdel-Hameed green recycling reported method. In the first step, PET waste was reacted without a solvent with a diamine to form the diamino derivative of phthalic acid amide (PETAA), which was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. In the presence of a catalyst, the used recycling method is a solvent-free green recycling process that is environmentally friendly. Chemical and electrochemical measurements were performed, and the effects of concentration and temperature were studied. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with concentration. A maximum inhibition of 97% was obtained using 4000 ppm from the prepared PETAA inhibitor, while the efficiency decreased with temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) data indicates the mixed-type nature of the used inhibitor. According to potentiodynamic polarization data, the inhibitor boosts polarization resistance and inhibition performance by adsorbing on the metal/electrolyte interface. The data from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that the charge-transfer mechanism is the primary governing factor in the steel dissolution process. The size of the semicircle grows in direct proportion to the concentration of the inhibitor. The prepared additive acts as a flow improver (viscosity improvers and pour point depressants) for waxy crude oil, indicating that it can be used in the manufacturing of multifunctional inhibitors in the petroleum industry. The depression in the pour point temperatures depended on the concentration and composition of the additive prepared from the plastic waste collected from Hail city.

Adsorption behavior of scent leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in natural sea water

Adsorption behavior of scent leaf extract as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in natural sea water

Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Model Stratum Waters Containing Hydrogen Sulfide

Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Model Stratum Waters Containing Hydrogen Sulfide

Ceratonia siliqua pulp extracts as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild carbon steel in 1 M HCl

Ceratonia siliqua pulp extracts as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild carbon steel in 1 M HCl

Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solutions Based on α-Aminophosphonate (Chemical, Electrochemical, and Quantum Studies).

α-aminophosphonate (α-AP) is used as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel. The aggressive media applied in this study are HCl and H2SO4 acid solutions. The findings indicate that the morphology of the α-AP compound is cubic, with particles ranging in size from 17 to 23 μm. FT-IR, 1HNMR, 31PNMR, and 13CNMR analysis confirmed the synthesis of the α-AP molecule. It has been discovered that the compound α-AP plays an important role in inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in both HCl and H2SO4 acids. This was identifiably inferred from the fact that the addition of α-AP compound decreased the corrosion rate. It is important to report that the maximum inhibition efficiency (92.4% for HCl and 95.7% for H2SO4) was obtained at 180 ppm. The primary factor affecting the rate at which steel specimens corrode in acidic electrolytes is the tendency of α-AP compounds to adsorb on the surface of steel through their heteroatoms (O, N, and P). This was verified by SEM/EDX results. The adsorption actually occurs through physical and chemical mechanisms via different active centers which are matched with the calculated quantum parameters. In addition, the adsorption of α-AP follows the Langmuir isotherm.

Shell of Viviparid Snail as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl

The shell of viviparid snail extract (SVSE) was prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly hydrolysis method and the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) by SVSE in 1 M HCl was investigated. HPLC and FTIR analysis showed that the main component of SVSE was a mixture of various amino acids. The results of electrochemical and surface analysis showed that SVSE is a hybrid corrosion inhibitor with a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 95.23%. In addition, the adsorption behavior of SVSE on CS surfaces was also investigated in depth by adsorption isotherms, quantum chemistry (QC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS).

Microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition induced by S. putriefaciens mineralization under extracellular polymeric substance regulation via FlrA and FlhG genes

The effect of microbially-induced mineralization on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel was investigated using ΔflrA and ΔflhG mutant strains of Shewanella putrefaciens. Deletion of FlrA and FlhG genes could induce the up/down-regulation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) expression, respectively, without interfering the bacterial growth. Compared to the wild-type strain, the ΔflrA mutant exhibited a ∼ 26 % increase in corrosion inhibition rate due to its significantly higher mineralization rate and formation of a high-quality mineralized layer. The ΔflhG mutant retained mineralization ability, but the discontinuous mineralized products failed to inhibit corrosion, and the corrosion rate increased by ∼ 1.7 times.

Development of a Novel Category of Azo Dyes Based on Coumarin and Metal Complexes for Potential Applications as an Acid–Base Titration Indicator and a Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Conditions

Development of a Novel Category of Azo Dyes Based on Coumarin and Metal Complexes for Potential Applications as an Acid–Base Titration Indicator and a Carbon Steel Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Conditions

Experimental and theoretical insights into Oxalis corniculata L. extract as a sustainable and eco–friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environments

In this work, Oxalis corniculata L. was effectively extracted as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 mol L−1 hydrochloric acid (HCl). Oxalis corniculate L. extract (OCLE) was produced by grinding, distilling with ultrapure water, and drying. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and potential of zero charge (PZC) were used to test the performance of the OCLE. The corrosion inhibition behavior of OCLE was microscopically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). OCLE contains monosaccharide molecules identified by high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, quantum chemical (QC) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results showed that OCLE contains monosaccharide molecules that can form adsorption films on carbon steel through O and N to inhibit corrosion. Electrochemical experimental results showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. At 298 K, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of 500 mg/L OCLE was 93.68%. The adsorption of OCLE on the carbon steel substrate was under the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which was mixture adsorption. This study provides new ideas for inhibiting metal corrosion and provides theoretical support for the application of eco–friendly corrosion inhibitors.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of 1-Dodecyl-3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one as a Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Electrolyte

The anti-corrosion features of 1-dodecyl-3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (QO12) for carbon steel CS were evaluated in a 1 M HCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance (EIS) and UV-visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as quantum-chemical methods. The inhibition performance achieves a maximum of 95.33% at 0.001 M. The PDP study revealed that QO12 acts with the character of a mixed-type inhibitor. The EISs mention that the process of corrosion for CS is essentially predominated by the transfer-of-charge mechanism. Moreover, quinoxalinone adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM snapshots show no deterioration after the contribution of QO12 compared to the reference electrolyte. Theoretical calculations suggest that the envisaged inhibitor presents a perfect arrangement capacity through the structure of quinoxalinone.

Anticorrosion performance of 1–benzylimidazole and synergistic iodide additives on C1018 carbon steel in 15% HCl solution

Acidizing, an industrial practice to enhance petroleum recovery, causes one of the most severe corrosion attacks on carbon steel drilling pipelines. Identifying highly efficient inhibitors to ameliorate this phenomenon is important for the petroleum industry. Here, the performance of 1–benzylimidazole (BZM) as a corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel in 15% HCl was investigated using electrochemical, weight loss and surface characterization techniques. Results from electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP)) agree that BZM performs efficiently by providing inhibition efficiency up to 75% at 25 °C with 1200 ppm concentration. The addition of 5 mM KI significantly enhances BZM efficiency to 93% at 25 °C. BZM alone is a mixed–type corrosion inhibitor with slightly anodic behavior. The addition of KI transforms the BZM inhibition mechanism more cathodically. However, the BZM + KI efficiency decreases to 60% at 60 °C. Surface characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that BZM uses its nitrogen and phenyl groups to adsorb on the steel surface, forming a thin film which mitigates localized corrosion.

In vitro and in silico antibacterial and anti-corrosive properties of Persea americana leaves extract as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a hydrochloric acid medium

The inhibitory performance of an efficient and biodegradable Persea americana leaves extract (PALE) was inspected using electrochemical methods and surface analysis techniques in 1 M HCl. Then, antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 using a well diffusion assay. Moreover, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined. Additionally, the antibacterial activity was performed in silico. The experimental results showed that PALE has a more excellent inhibition standard for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid. Polarization investigations reported that as the concentration of PALE leaves extracts, the inhibitory power grew and reached a high value of 92%. PALE did act as a mixed-type inhibitor and preceded a Langmuir adsorption isotherm correctly. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) outcomes demonstrated that the PALE adsorption on the metallic surface significantly decreased its dissolution rate, resulting in a clean and seamless surface. Additionally, PALE was effective against bacterial strains, and molecular docking analysis revealed that apigenin and quercetin-3-glucoside might be the main compounds that inhibit bacterial proliferation.

A new approach for the evaluation of liquid waste generated from plant extraction process for the corrosion mitigation of carbon steel in acidic medium: Case of Chrysanthemum Coronarium stems

In this study, the efficacy of liquid waste derived from the hydrodistillation of Chrysanthemum Coronarium stems as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl was investigated. Phytochemical screening and analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were conducted to determine the chemical abundance of the extract (CCSE). An electrochemical evaluation was performed using polarization potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 293 K. The results revealed that the extract effectively suppressed the corrosion of carbon steel with an inhibition efficiency of 80% through a mixed inhibition mechanism. The effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition was evaluated, and the synergistic effect of KI in combination with the CCSE inhibitor was also studied. Surface morphology examination of carbon steel was conducted through SEM-EDX analysis to further examine the electrochemical findings and to understand the surface changes caused by the inhibitor. Additionally, computational analysis utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD) was conducted to gain further insight into the electronic adsorption mechanism at the active sites of the phytochemical compounds.

Theoretical and experimental insights into the C-steel aqueous corrosion inhibition at elevated temperatures in 1.0 M HCl via multi-carbonyl Gemini cationic surfactants

Abstract Despite corrosion being an inevitable process, researchers strive to control corrosion. In this study, our goal was to prepare two amido Gemini cationic surfactants, LAPG and MAPG, each with different alkyl chains and multiple carbonyl groups as rich electronic rich centers. We aimed to evaluate these surfactants as potential corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl at temperatures of 25–55 ± 0.1 °C. In theoretical investigations, DFT parameters and Mont Carlo simulation were run to predict the adsorption affinity and reactive sites of the LAPG and MAPG molecules. Their efficacy was investigated experimentally considering weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The Tafel polarization revealed that at 0.1 mM of LAPG and MAPG, the corrosion current density (i corr) of CS was reduced to the lowest extent (75.56 and 53.82 μA cm−2) compared to 529.3 μA cm−2 in the absence of the inhibitors. EIS data suggests the enhancement of the thickness of the adsorbed layers of the studied compounds from the decrease of the double-layer capacitance C dl values. The Langmuir isotherm explained the adoption phenomena of these compounds at 25–55 ± 0.1 °C. Activation and adsorption thermodynamic parameters predicted the chemisorption behavior of these molecules onto the steel surface. AFM and XPS tools confirm the CS surface protection due to these inhibitors’ adsorbed layer. A parallel study showed the superiority of these corrosion inhibitors in HCl compared with those reported earlier, making these compounds highly promising corrosion inhibitors, especially in high-temperature acidic environments.

Unraveling the corrosion inhibition mechanism of triazine derivatives for carbon steel: Experimental and theoretical insights into interfacial adsorption

Triazine derivatives, 3-(4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl) propanoic acid (TPA) and 1,5-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazinane-2-thione (DTT), were synthesized by a one-step synthetic process and utilized as high efficiency corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) in the oil production. Experimental tests demonstrate that both TPA and DTT show superior inhibition performance, with inhibition efficiencies (IEs) of 97.8% and 99.1%, respectively. GFN-xTB calculations reveal the adsorptions of TPA and DTT on CS surface through the S, N, O atoms of TPA, or the S, N atoms and phenyl ring of DTT. The most stable adsorption configurations of TPA and DTT are at an inclined angle of 15o between the thiourea fragment and steel surface, which are determined with different initial adsorption configurations. The presence of phenyl ring in DTT not only endows it with stronger hydrophobicity, but also facilitates its strong absorption on CS surface by forming multiple Fe–C bonds through the π-electrons in the phenyl ring, which accounts for the better inhibitive effect of DTT. Additionally, the presence of H2O solvent deteriorates the adsorptions of TPA and DTT due to the weak interactions between the TPA/DTT and H2O molecules, which is demonstrated by the more positive adsorption energy and longer bonding distances of TPA and DTT on Fe surface.

A New Imidazole Derivative for Corrosion Inhibition of Q235 Carbon Steel in an Acid Environment.

Q235 carbon steel is a commonly used engineering material, but its application in marine environments is limited by its susceptibility to corrosion, especially localized corrosion that can lead to material perforation. Effective inhibitors are crucial to addressing this issue, particularly in acidic environments where localized areas become increasingly acidic. This study reports the synthesis of a new imidazole derivative corrosion inhibitor and evaluates its effectiveness in corrosion inhibition performance using potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. High-resolution optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed for surface morphology analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to explore the protection mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the self-synthesized imidazole derivative corrosion inhibitor offers an excellent corrosion protection performance for Q235 carbon steel in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl acidic solution. This inhibitor can provide a new strategy for carbon steel corrosion protection.

Heteroatomic organic compound as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in sulfuric acid: Detail experimental, surface, molecular docking and computational studies

The prime objective of the present research is to explore the green synthesis of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing heteroatomic organic compound (TMP) using the ultrasound method and its application as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M H2SO4 under hydrodynamic conditions at 1500 rpm. The performance ability of TMP rises from 42.80 % (without TMP) to 92.80 % (with TMP)/96.67 % (with TMP+KI). The TMP depicted the cathodic inhibitive nature. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) changes from 28.7 Ω cm−1 to 190.4 Ω cm−1 with the falling of double layer capacitance (Cdl) from 46 μF cm−2 to 28 μF cm−2 on the introduction of TMP supports the adsorption of TMP molecules at the active sites of the carbon steel surface. The molecular adsorption of TMP is governed by El-Awady isotherm. The results of the surface analysis support the creation of an inhibitive layer of TMP over the carbon steel surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) calculations were further performed to justify the experimental results. Molecular docking was used to analyze the TMP and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) protein interaction.

Developing two amino acid derivatives as high-efficient corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in the CO2-containing environment

During the oil and gas exploitation, the corrosion of carbon steel pipes causes great economic loss, heavy casualties, environmental pollution, and waste of resources. The development of highly efficient and stable corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in oil and gas exploitation. L-cysteine is widespread in various plants (e.g. onion, cauliflower, and cabbage sprout). As a corrosion inhibitor, it usually has low inhibitive efficiency in most corrosive environment. Chemical modification is the most efficient method to solve this issue. Herein, two synthetic amino acid derivatives (2-phenylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (PTCA) and 2-(thiophen-2-yl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA)) were investigated as high-efficient corrosion inhibitors to deal with the corrosion issue of carbon steel in the CO2-containing environment. The anti-corrosion property of the amino acid derivatives was investigated by electrochemical experiment, surface technique and theoretical calculations. The electrochemical results show that PTCA and TTCA present high corrosion inhibition efficiencies at the concentration of 0.8 mM: PTCA (99.1%) and TTCA (99.3%). The inhibitive mechanism of PTCA and TTCA on carbon steel surface is revealed by theoretical calculations. It is found that the PTCA and TTCA adsorb at the steel/solution interface by forming Fe-O bonds. Compared to PTCA, TTCA exhibits stronger adsorption on carbon steel surface by forming shorter Fe-O bonds with a more negative adsorption energy, which accounts for the better inhibitive performance of TTCA.

A comprehensive assessment of carbon steel corrosion inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline in the acidic environment: insights from experimental and computational studies.

1,10-Phenanthroline (PHN) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic compound that is widely used in a variety of applications, including chemosensors, biological studies, and pharmaceuticals, which promotes its use as an organic inhibitor to reduce corrosion of steel in acidic solution. In this regard, the inhibition ability of PHN was examined for carbon steel (C48) in a 1.0M HCl environment by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), mass loss, and thermometric/kinetic. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of C48 immersed in 1.0M HCl protected with our inhibitor. According to the PDP tests, increasing the PHN concentration resulted in an improvement in corrosion inhibition efficiency. Besides, the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency is about 90% at 328K. Furthermore, the PDP assessments demonstrated that PHN functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption analysis reveals that our title molecule mechanism is due to physical-chemical adsorption, as predicted by the Frumkin, Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherms. The SEM technique exhibited that the corrosion barrier occurs due to the adsorption of the PHN compound through the metal/1.0M HCl interface. In addition, the computational investigations based on a quantum calculation using density functional theory (DFT), reactivity (QTAIM, ELF, and LOL), and molecular-scale by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations confirmed the experimental results by providing further insight into the mode of adsorption of PHN on the metal surface, thus forming a protective film against corrosion on the C48 surface.