Carbon-related Nanomaterials Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of low dimensional structure of carbon nanotubes

This research paper describes in detail the processes of making and analysing carbon nanotubes. The latest information gained from research and growing carbon nanotube arrays will be presented and debated. Insight into carbon nanostructured materials and their applications in a wide variety of developing areas of nanoscale research and nanotechnology will be facilitated by the achievements presented in this area. A number of theoretical and experimental investigations have been conducted to determine the best methods for making carbon-related nanomaterials, which are widely recognized as one of the most interesting areas of both science and nanotechnology. Theoretical and experimental research that led to the transformation of these nanomaterials at a critical juncture. The goal of this article is to present a brief summary of recent developments in our knowledge regarding the production, properties and potential applications of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. These events are described as fascinating on the one hand and important on the other. To fabricate carbon nanomaterials in a wide range of structural configurations, a number of diverse processing processes are used. This research delves into the many methods used to make carbon nanoparticles and the materials themselves. Nanomaterials include things like graphene and carbon nano walls, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes and carbon-encased metal nanoparticles. Chemical vapor deposition is one such method, and is used in the production of a variety of practical items.

Carbon-Related Materials: Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Semiconductor Applications and Design.

As the scaling technology in the silicon-based semiconductor industry is approaching physical limits, it is necessary to search for proper materials to be utilized as alternatives for nanoscale devices and technologies. On the other hand, carbon-related nanomaterials have attracted so much attention from a vast variety of research and industry groups due to the outstanding electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Such materials have been used in a variety of devices in microelectronics. In particular, graphene and carbon nanotubes are extraordinarily favorable substances in the literature. Hence, investigation of carbon-related nanomaterials and nanostructures in different ranges of applications in science, technology and engineering is mandatory. This paper reviews the basics, advantages, drawbacks and investigates the recent progress and advances of such materials in micro and nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and biotechnology.

Degradation Studies of Selected Bisphenols in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin and/or Duckweed Water Plant.

This research reports a multivariate experiment enabling observation of the potential application of macrocyclic compound [β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)] and/or duckweed organisms as the active factors for elimination of selected bisphenols A, B, and S from water samples. Target bisphenols selection was based on observation that such components can be present in food or environmental samples (e.g., vegetable/fruit juices, milk, drinking water, or treated wastewater). Biological research was carried out using aquatic organisms containing chlorophyll, particularly duckweed (Lemna minor L), that may work as an active biomass for the elimination or extraction of bisphenols micropollutants from water. Using such a system, we studied the potential encapsulation effect and removal efficiency of nontoxic macrocyclic oligosaccharide (β-cyclodextrin) acting as an encapsulation reagent to promote the removal of selected bisphenols from liquid phase both with and without the presence of duckweed biomass. Experimental data have revealed that β-CD or combined β-CD/duckweed system has an effect on bisphenols elimination from water. The initial data set obtained from this preliminary experiment (and combined with supramolecular complex formation data calculated from chromatographic experiments, published previously) enables designing of further experiments focusing on the development of green chemistry technology. It is hoped that this may be used for the efficient removal of low-molecular-mass micropollutants using classical technological wastewater treatment processes modified by biomass and macrocyclic additives. This process needs to be optimized, but the results presented have revealed that such green chemistry technology, if successful, may be an interesting alternative for the selective removal of the micropollutants investigated from wastewater using classical adsorbents (e.g., carbons and carbon-related nanomaterials), particularly in terms of the worldwide problem with microplastic pollutants in the environment and food products.

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Low-Dimensional Carbon-Related Nanomaterials

In recent years, many theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to develop one of the most interesting aspects of the science and nanotechnology which is called carbon-related nanomaterials. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of some of the most exciting and important developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Carbon nanomaterials are formed in various structural features using several different processing methods. The synthesis techniques used to produce specific kinds of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including fullerene, carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles, nanodiamond, and onion-like carbons), one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes), and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including graphene and carbon nanowalls) are discussed in this paper. Subsequently, the paper deals with an overview of the properties of the mainly important products as well as some important applications and the future outlooks of these advanced nanomaterials.

Biomedical activities of endohedral metallofullerene optimized for nanopharmaceutics.

Endohedral metallofullerenes, a novel form of carbon-related nanomaterials, currently attract wide attention for their potential applications in biomedical fields such as therapeutic medicine. Most endohedral metallofullerenes are synthesized using C60 or higher molecular weight fullerenes because of the limited interior volume of fullerene. It is known that the encapsulated metal atom has strong electronic interactions with the carbon cage in metallofullerenes. Gd@C82 is one of the most important molecules in the metallofullerene family, known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agent candidate for diagnostic imaging. Gadolinium endohedral metallofullerenol (e.g., Gd@C82(OH)22) is a functionalized fullerene with gadolinium trapped inside carbon cage. Our group previously demonstrated that the distinctive chemical and physical properties of Gd@C82(OH)22 are dependent on the number and position of the hydroxyl groups on the fullerene cage. The present article summarizes our latest findings of biomedical effects of Gd@C82(OH)22 and gives rise to a connected flow of the existing knowledge and information from experts in the field. It briefly narrates the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of Gd@C82(OH)22. The polyhydroxylated nanoparticles exhibit the enhanced water solubility and high purity, and were tested as a MRI contrast agent. Gd@C82(OH)22 treatment inhibited tumor growth in tumor-bearing nude mice. Although the precise mechanisms of this action are not well defined, our in vitro data suggest involvements of improved immunity and antioxidation by Gd@C82(OH)22 and its size-based selective targeting to tumor site. The review critically analyzed the relevant data instead of fact-listing, and explained the potential for developing Gd@C82(OH)22 into a diagnostic or therapeutic agent.

The Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Carbon-related Nanoscale Materials: Ab Initio Study

The mechanical and electronic properties of the nanoscale materials are studied using ab initio molecular dynamics (TBMD) method. We investigate the strength and fracture behaviors of nanoscale materials like carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphens and nanowires in comparison with those of corresponding bulk materials. The elastic properties, yield strength and fracture behaviors of carbon-related nanomaterials are studied in detail, using the constraint MD method based on the lattice Green's function method. We will show that the strength properties of the nanoscale materials are quite different from those of the corresponding bulk materials. The electronic density of states and electronic transports of the nanomaterials, with and without the atomistic defects (nano cracks), are also discussed.