Carbon Nanofiber Network Research Articles

Super‐Flexible Carbon Nanofiber Networks Containing PAN/PVP and Composites Coated with NiCo2O4 Nanosheets as Self‐Supporting Electrodes for Supercapacitors and Sodium‐Ion Batteries**

AbstractThe rapid development of wearable electronics requests a higher energy‐storage‐device flexibility. Nevertheless, the fabrication of high‐performance electrodes for achieving the goal of super‐flexibility remains challenging. In this work, novel super‐flexible PAN/PVP carbon nanofiber networks (PAN/PVP CNFs, PCF) are prepared by electrospinning followed by in situ carbonisation, whose micro‐mesoporous structure could disperse stress during folding and super‐flexible PCF/NCONS self‐supporting electrodes are fabricated through the electrodeposition of NiCo2O4 nanosheets (NCONS) with three‐dimensional membrane structure on the PCF firmly. The obtained PCF/NCONS cannot only achieve 8000 times folding, but also show high electrochemical performance for both supercapacitors and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). For supercapacitor, the specific capacitance of the PCF/NCONS reaches 1403.5 F/g at 1 A/g and it could maintain at 95.7 % after 2000 cycles. The PCF/NCONS electrodes are also used to fabricate an asymmetric supercapacitor device. The device exhibit high energy density (26.96 Wh/kg), high power density (3870.69 W/kg at 14.52 Wh/kg) and outstanding cycling stability (96.8 % retention after 3000 cycles). For SIBs, the PCF/NCONS electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 227.68 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g. The super‐flexible PCF/NCONS electrodes have a wide application prospect for flexible electronics.

All MOF-derived-carbon material-based integrated electrode constructed by carbon nanosheet sulfur host and Fe microparticles with carbon nanofiber network interlayer for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising future-generation portable electronic devices due to the outstanding energy density of S. However, the serve problems of Li–S batteries originating from the intrinsic poor conductivity of S and the dissolution and diffusion of dissoluble polysulfides in electrolytes are a major limitation. Herein, we demonstrated an all metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon material-based integrated sulfur cathode, which was constructed with 3D carbon nanofiber network with Fe microparticles (MIL1000) as interlayer on a polypropylene (PP) separator and 2D nanosheets (MIL900-H) as S host. Notably, the MIL900-H carbon nanosheets with many mesopores and doping oxygen possessed lithium-ion pathways and chemical adsorption of soluble polysulfides, and the MIL1000 interlayer could chemically adsorb, physically block polysulfide, and facilitate the kinetics of the cathode reaction. As a result, the integrated electrode that avoided the use of a metal current collector exhibited a high initial capacity of 1244.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C, fast Li2S nucleation, and excellent cycle stability with the capacity retention of 69.3% after 500 cycles at 1 C. Therefore, this rationale strategy of constructing an all MOF-derived-carbon material-based integrated electrode can be extended to other abundant MOF-derived materials for high energy density Li–S batteries.

Free-standing carbon nanofiber networks

We report a facile approach to the fabrication of free-standing three-dimensional carbon nanofiber (CNF) networks, by loading copper nitrates on aluminum (Al) foils, performing chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and finally etching away Al foils via sodium hydroxide. During CVD, copper-nitrate-derived copper nanoparticles catalyze growth of CNF networks on Al foils, and the CNF networks are then liberated after removal of Al foils. The resultant free-standing CNF networks exhibit porous, hydrophobic, lightweight, and highly flexible properties, and the combination of these properties enables CNF networks to absorb various oils with high absorption capacity and excellent recyclability. This work may benefit the rational design of advanced absorbents for applications in cleanup of oil spillage.

Synthesis of FeS-impregnated heteroatom-doped carbon nanofibers assisted by one-step vulcanization for superior sodium storage

Severe volume changes during sodiation/desodiation and the sluggish sodium reaction kinetics of FeS limit its applications in high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). To solve these problems, free-standing FeS nanocrystallites-impregnated porous N, S-doped carbon nanofibers (FeS@CNFs) is fabricated through an electrospinning technique combined with one-step vulcanization. During the vulcanization, the Fe precursor containing as-spun film is carbonized and sulfurated, and the carbon matrix is functionalized by S-containing oxygen groups meanwhile. The obtained free-standing and flexible FeS@CNFs film can be directly used as anode for SIBs without slurry-casting. The film exhibits prominent electrochemical property because low electronic conductivity and aggregation of FeS particles are resolved by introducing well-distributed FeS nanocrystallites into the conductive carbon nanofibers network. In addition, the film exhibits good structural stability with limited volume changes during cycling due to the buffer effects of CNFs. The film shows a high specific capacity of 530 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 86.2%. Additionally, with enhanced surface-dominant pseudocapacitive redox reactions, which facilitate charge transfer and ion diffusion, the FeS@CNFs delivers capacities of 367 and 278 mA h g−1 at 10 and 30 A g−1, respectively, maintaining long cycling stability with a high capacity retention rate of 87.6% after 700 cycles at 10 A g−1.

High electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal management performance in 3D CNF@C-Ni/epoxy resin composites

Electronic packaging materials with efficient heat dissipation and anti-electromagnetic-interference performance are highly desirable to realize the long-term stable operation of highly integrated electronic devices. Such combined functions of heat dissipation and anti-electromagnetic-interference are achieved here by filling 3D CNF@C-Ni network skeleton in epoxy resins (EP). The CNF@C-Ni is a carbon nanofibers network skeleton embedded with micron flower-like C-Ni particles and has been obtained by carbonizing nickel metal–organic frameworks (Ni-MOF) embellished bacterial cellulose. The 3D CNF@C-Ni network skeleton provides a highly efficient heat transfer channel for EP, rendering a high thermal conductivity of 0.5 W·m−1K−1 at room temperature for the 5 wt% CNF@C-Ni filled EP, ~2.8 times higher than that of pristine EP. In addition, the flower-like C-Ni particles realize an optimization in the impedance matching of CNF@C-Ni/EP, enabling a high electromagnetic wave absorption performance in the wave-transparent epoxy resins. In particular, a lowest reflection loss value of −49.77 dB at 13.44 GHz with a maximum effective bandwidth of 5.44 GHz (from 12.08 to 17.52 GHz) has been achieved in the 5 wt% CNF@C-Ni filled epoxy resins with a thickness of 2.2 mm. Such a new dual-functionated epoxy resin with combined high electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal management performance shows great potential in manufacturing of highly integrated electronic devices.

Facile preparation of NiO nanoparticles anchored on N/P-codoped 3D carbon nanofibers network for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

The 3D porous carbon materials/transition metal oxide composite is considered to be a potential candidate for supercapacitors owing to the synergy effect of excellent pore structure, electrical conductivity and high pseudocapacitance. However, its complicated preparation and uncontrollable stability are still challenges. In this paper, we propose a facile method for “in-situ” preparing a novel kind of the NiO nanoparticles anchored on N/P-codoped carbon nanofibers network (CNF/NiO) composite. The CNF/NiO composite exhibits a 3D hierarchical porous network and high specific surface area, which supply efficient channels for the transmission of electrons/ions, and ample place for sufficient reaction between active substance and electrolyte. In addition, the NiO nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanofibers network can provide stable and excellent pseudocapacitance. When applied for supercapacitors, the CNF/NiO-based electrode can achieve the capacitance value of 674 F g−1 and 98.6% capacitance preservation after 5000 cycles in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitors based on CNF/NiO composite obtain a superior capacitance value of 86 F g−1 in a wide voltage of 1.6 V, and the maximum energy and power density reach 30.2 Wh kg−1 and 8.1 kW kg−1, respectively. The process has the advantages of simple operation, environmental friendliness, and possible mass production. It also provides prospects for designing and developing next-generation electrode materials for energy conversion devices.

Inter-Bonded Carbon Nanofibers Based Anode for High Areal Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery

Improving anode electrode conductivity and boosting mechanical strength of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is beneficial to fabricate binder-free anode for high areal capacity in Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs). A typical way to improve CNFs conductivity is adding high conductive transition metals to CNFs precursors. In this work, several ideas are incorporated together to enhance LIB performance. First, CNFs with 3% and 5% nickel is introduced by using electrospinning technique for improving electrical conductivity and capacity, because nickel has high theoretical capacity (718mAh/g) and enhanced electrical conductivity (1.43x107 S/m). Small addition of Nickel was done because higher usage of nickel metal fillers cause volume expansion during cycling which results in poor cell performance. Second, development of strong mechanical connections, enhancement of electron transport by better inter-bonding network among the CNFs is also addressed here. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/ polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymers are used to fabricate the CNFs where the semi-interpenetrating polymer PVP assists in creating inter-bonded morphologies in the nanofibers. Thus, well inter-bonded CNFs showed not only the better areal capacity but also the higher specific capacity. Further an optimum stabilization and carbonization heat-treatment process was also observed. The synergetic effect of adding high conductive Nickel and well-inter-bonded CNFs network represents a favorable anode material with an areal capacity as high as 792.7 μAh/cm2 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1.16 mA/cm2 and excellent cycling stability.

Electrosynthesis of hierarchical Cu2O–Cu(OH)2 nanodendrites supported on carbon nanofibers/poly(para-phenylenediamine) nanocomposite as high-efficiency catalysts for methanol electrooxidation

The development of highly efficient catalysts using inexpensive and earth-abundant metals is a crucial factor in a large-scale commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). In this study, we explored a new catalyst based on copper nanodendrites (CuNDs) supported on carbon nanofibers/poly (para-phenylenediamine) (CNF/PpPD) nanocomposite for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The catalyst support was prepared on a carbon paste electrode by electropolymerization of para-phenylenediamine monomer on a drop-cast carbon nanofibers network. Afterwards, CuNDs were electrodeposited on the nanocomposite through a potentiostatic method. The morphology and the structure of the prepared nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. The results suggested that a three-dimensional nanodendritic structure consisting of Cu2O and Cu(OH)2 formed on the hybrid CNF/PpPD nanocomposite. The catalytic performance of CuNDs supported on CNF, PpPD and CNF/PpPD was evaluated for MOR under alkaline conditions. The CNF/PpPD/CuNDs exhibits a highest activity (50 mA cm−2) and stability toward MOR over 6 h, with respect to CNF/CuNDs (40 mA cm−2) and PpPD/CuNDs (36 mA cm−2). This inexpensive catalyst with high catalytic activity and stability is a promising anode catalyst for alkaline DMFC applications.

CoFe2O4 nanoparticles loaded N-doped carbon nanofibers networks as electrocatalyst for enhancing redox kinetics in Li-S batteries

Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been paid more attention to meet the demand of high capacity energy storage. However, most substrates applied to electrodes, which have both high conductivity and full coverage of adsorption-catalysis synergies, are difficult to achieve. Herein, the combination of electrospinning and hydrothermal method is developed to fabricate the composite membrane of ferri-based spinel CoFe2O4 (CFO) loaded nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers (CFONC) applied to positive current collector with Li2S6 catholyte and binder-free of Li-S batteries. Benefiting from the improved catalytic performances in redox reaction of lithium polysulfides due to the abundant active sites which originate from CFO, the CFONC composite with S loading of 4.74 mg exhibits an initial specific discharge capacity of 1096 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a high specific discharge capacity of 681 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a capacity decay as small as 0.076% per cycle. Even with S loading of 7.11 mg, the cell of CFONC delivers a high initial capacity of 6.1 mAh and maintains 4.8 mAh after 300 cycles. The results show that the efficient chemical anchoring polysulfides and catalyzing redox reaction by multifunctional CFONC composites is a feasible strategy for the large-scale application of lithium sulfur batteries with high performance in the future.

Sulfur-Induced Growth of Coordination Polymer Derived-Straight Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Nanofiber Network for Zn-Air Batteries.

Low-cost heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials have been widely studied for efficient oxygen reduction reaction and energy storage and conversion in metal-air batteries. A Masson pine twigs-like 3-dimensional network construction of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with abundant straight long Co, N, and S-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is developed by thermal treatment of Co-based polymer coated onto polyacrylonitrile nanofiber network together with thiourea at 900 °C, denoted as CNFT-Co9 S8 -900. It is interesting to note that the introduction of a high concentration of sulfur does not lead to the complete toxicity of catalysts, but promotes the axial growth to selectively form straight CNTs instead of curly bamboo-like CNTs. The highly graphitized in-situ grown Co, N, S-doped CNTs and the 3-dimensional N-doped CNF network provide both active catalytic sites and highly conductive paths, which are beneficial for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Thus, the optimal CNFT-Co9 S8 -900 performs the excellent ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential of 0.84 V and a diffusion-limited current density of 5.49 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, the CNFT-Co9 S8 -900-based Zn-air devices also possess a high power density of 136.9 mW cm-2 better than commercial Pt/C.

Ultrafine self-N-doped porous carbon nanofibers with hierarchical pore structure utilizing a biobased chitosan precursor

Ultrafine porous carbon nanofiber network with ~40 nm fiber diameter is realized for the first time utilizing a biobased polymer as carbon precursor. A simple one-step carbonization procedure is applied to convert the electrospun chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers to self-N-doped ultrafine hierarchically porous carbon nanofiber interconnected web. The pore formation process is governed by the immiscible nature of the two polymers and the sacrificial character of poly(ethylene oxide) with low carbon yield at the carbonization temperature (800 °C). The obtained porous scaffold has a high specific surface area (564 m2 g−1), high micro (0.22 cm3 g−1) as well as meso/macropore volume (0.28 cm3 g−1). Structural analysis indicates high graphitic content and the existence of turbostratic carbon typical for carbon fibers derived from otherwise synthetic polymer precursors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of an N-doped structure with dominating graphitic N, together with a smaller amount of pyridinic N. The prepared electrode exhibits good electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor device. The excellent charge storage characteristics are attributed to the unique ultrafine hierarchical nanoarchitecture and the interconnected N-doped carbon structure. This green material holds great promise for the realization of more sustainable high-performance energy storage devices.

Novel insight into the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) ions by MOF derived Co-Al layered double hydroxide @hematite nanorods on 3D porous carbon nanofiber network

• A novel MOF derived Co-Al-LDH@Fe 2 O 3 /3DPCNF adsorbents was synthesized. • The hybrid nanocomposites showed excellent adsorption capacities on Cr(VI) and Pb(II). • The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanism were discussed in detail. • The composite can be easily recovered by magnet after adsorption process. Metal organic framework (MOF) derived layered double hydroxide (LDHs) are not properly probed in the field of the heavy metal ions adsorption from its aqueous solution, although they demonstrated a high possibility in adsorption. In this report, a Co-Al layered double hydroxide loaded with hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 )@3D porous carbon nanofiber (Co-Al-LDH@Fe 2 O 3 /3DPCNF) was synthesized by a sequential hydrothermal process. The Co-Al LDH was derived from a Co-metal organic framework. FE-SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, and BET characterizations and Cr(VI) and Pb(II) adsorption capacities of the composites were investigated in detail. The super hydrophilic Co-Al-LDH@Fe 2 O 3 /3DPCNF exhibited superfast removal efficiencies for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) with maximum adsorption capacities of 400.40 mg g −1 and 426.76 mg g −1 , respectively. Precipitation, surface complexation, isomorphic substitution, and electron transfer were considered to be the main adsorption mechanisms. Adsorption isotherms were well fitted using the Sips model, and the adsorption thermodynamics demonstrated that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The Co-Al-LDH@Fe 2 O 3 /3DPCNF maintained excellent adsorption capacity after ten cycles. The present study provides a new pathway to significantly improve the adsorption performance and stability of LDHs with easy separation from water body.

Heat resistant and thermally conductive polylactide composites achieved by stereocomplex crystallite tailored carbon nanofiber network

As a renewable and environmentally friendly polymer, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has immense feasibility to replace traditional thermoplastics. However, the present application of PLLA as an engineering plastic in microelectronic devices still faces some obstacles, such as poor heat resistance and low thermal conductivity. In the present work, a facile solution compounding processing was employed to comprise poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into PLLA composites. Microstructure characterizations showed that the presence of PDLA not only induced a large amount of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) but also promoted denser CNF network in the composites. Consequently, in contrast to the PLLA/CNF samples, the PLLA/PDLA/CNF samples showed largely promoted heat resistance and thermal conductivity. At 50 wt% PDLA and 20 wt% CNFs, the sample showed the heat resistant temperature (HRT) of 196.7 °C, about 56.7 °C greater than that of the PLLA/CNF (20 wt%), and the thermal conductivity of 2.34 Wm-1K−1, 1014% greater than that of the PLLA. The mechanisms were largely ascribed to the SCs formation, which promoted the stacking of CNFs to a certain extent. Specifically, SCs organized into a compact physical network at relatively high PDLA content, which exhibited a ‘locking’ effect on dispersion of CNFs, leading to the efficient lap of thermally conductive filler in the composites. This work indicates that in-situ forming SCs is a promising strategy for regulating the filler’s thermal conductive network in PLLA-based polymer, and the composites may be alternative engineering plastics of the future.

V2O3 Nanoparticles Confined in High-Conductivity and High-Throughput Carbon Nanofiber Nanohybrids for Advanced Sodium-Ion Capacitors.

Electrode materials with high conductivity and high mass transport rate are highly desirable for a variety of electrochemical energy devices but face a grand challenge to be readily prepared yet. Here, we propose the design and preparation of a nanohybrid of V2O3 nanoparticles embedded in a multichannel carbon nanofiber (V2O3@MCNF) network with high conductivity and high mass transport. We demonstrate the V2O3@MCNF shows superior capability for sodium storage with an excellent capacity of 214.3 mA h g-1 even at 5 A g-1, thanks to its high conductivity for electron transfer and facilitated mass transportation endowed by the one-dimensional conductive multichannel fiber structure. Such favorable structures and properties in V2O3@MCNFs enable them to be applied as high-performance anodes of sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs), successfully addressing the critical kinetics imbalance between Faradaic anodes and capacitive cathodes for application of SIHCs, which show impressively high energy/power densities along with impressive cycling performance over 10,000 cycles.

Fish bone-derived N, S co-doped interconnected carbon nanofibers network coupled with (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8 nanoparticles as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable and flexible all-solid-state Zn-air battery

Rational design of efficient, cost-effective and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of vital significance to the large-scale application of rechargeable Zn-air battery (ZAB). Herein, we demonstrate a novel and simple strategy for the synthesis of (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8 nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen and sulfur co-doped interconnected carbon nanofibers network ((Fe, Co, Ni)9S8/NSCFs) derived from fish bone as an efficient bifunctional catalyst. The (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8/NSCFs shows large specific surface area (750 m2g − 1), well-defined interconnected nanofibers network structure with high conductivity, synergistic chemical coupling effects between (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8 and NSCFs with doped heteroatoms of N and S. As expected, in alkaline medium, excellent catalytic activity and outstanding durability toward both ORR and OER are obtained. Moreover, the homemade all-solid-state ZAB based on (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8/NSCFs displays outstanding battery capacity and power density together with excellent durability and flexibility. As an additional advance, a digital display screen powered by (Fe, Co, Ni)9S8/NSCFs-based rechargeable ZAB works steadily at twisted, extruded, combusting, and punctured states, making our bifunctional electrocatalysts attractive for wearable energy storage applications.

Biomimetic and flexible 3D carbon nanofiber networks with fire-resistant and high oil-sorption capabilities

A facile and scalable approach to prepare multilayered graphene coated carbon nanofiber (G-CNF) foam has been demonstrated for oil/chemical solvent spill clean-up applications. 2D electrospun polyacrylonitrile/itaconic acid (PANIA) membrane was converted into a nature inspired three-dimensional (3D) aerogel networks self-assembled by a gas foaming method. The 3D nanofiber foams were then coated with Graphene Oxide (GO) and carbonised into G-CNF foam. These foams display highly interconnected network; mimicking the features of chicken feather and demonstrated the synergistic properties of graphene and carbon nanofibers. These 3D foams were light weight, resilient and exhibited fire-resistance properties. The design features of the G-CNF foams comprise of interconnected carbon nanofiber layers leading to high specific surface area that contributed towards oil and solvents sorption properties. The G-CNF foams perform high saturation sorption capacity (86–153 g g−1) toward a range of oils and organic solvents and demonstrated sustained sorption capabilities even after 11 cycles. In addition, the topology of the G-CNF surface and the morphology of the nanofiber foam were simulated and further studied using microstructure computational modelling and numerical analysis, which altogether showed that a significant enhancement in the surface area-to-volume ratio resulting from the coated graphene on the G-CNF foam.

Copper-assisted growth of high-purity carbon nanofiber networks with controllably tunable wettabilities

High-purity carbon nanofiber networks were grown on surfaces of ceramic boats via Cu-assisted CVD. After peeling off and selective plasma treatment, the invisible hydrophobic patterns on both their obverse and reverse surfaces were obtained.

An electrochemically reduced ultra-high mass loading three-dimensional carbon nanofiber network: a high energy density symmetric supercapacitor with a reproducible and stable cell voltage of 2.0 V.

Commercial supercapacitors need a high mass loading of more than 10 mg cm-2 and a high working potential window to resolve the low energy density concern. Herein, we have demonstrated a thick, ultrahigh mass loading (35 mg cm-2) and wide cell voltage electrochemically reduced layer-by-layer three-dimensional carbon nanofiber network (LBL 3D-CNF) electrode via electrospinning, sodium borohydride treatment, carbonization, and electro-reduction techniques. During the electro-reduction technique, Na+ is adsorbed onto the various defect sites of LBL 3D-CNFs, which properly inhibits the formation of the intermediate HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) product, leading to a wide cell voltage, whereas the LBL 3D-CNF network evokes an opportunity for storing a greater number of charges, resulting in excellent electrochemical performances. A symmetric supercapacitor with a reproducible and stable cell voltage of 2.0 V is constructed and demonstrated. The as-constructed device can deliver an areal energy output of 1922 μW h cm-2 at a power density of 3979 W kg-1 equal to a gravimetric energy density of 27 W h kg-1, and an outstanding cyclic durability of 97.4% after 20 000 GCD cycles. These record-breaking performances would make our device one of the most promising candidates from an industrial point of view.

A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers.

High-performance flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity are important components of the systems for healthcare monitoring, human–machine interaction, and electronic skin. Herein, a flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor composed of ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4)/carbon nanofibers (FeOCN) was fabricated using three-dimensional electrospinning and further heat treatment methods. The obtained pressure sensor demonstrates a wide working range (0–4.9 kPa) and a high sensitivity of 0.545 kPa−1 as well as an ultralow detection limit of 6 Pa. Additionally, the pressure sensor exhibits a rapid response time, good stability, high hydrophobicity, and excellent flexibility. These merits endow the pressure sensor with the ability to precisely detect wrist pulse, phonation, breathing, and finger bending in real-time. Therefore, the FeOCN pressure sensor presents a promising application in real-time healthcare monitoring.

Petal-Like NiCoP Sheets on 3D Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Network as a Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting

Petal-Like NiCoP Sheets on 3D Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Network as a Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting