Use Of Carbon Research Articles

Extraction of Bio-Based Carbon Materials from Agricultural Waste as Additives for the Development of an Eco-Friendly Bio-Based Grease

Harvesting large quantities of bananas produces tons of banana peel waste, which causes serious environmental problems in Egypt. Therefore, this study presented the transformation of banana peel waste into nanoactivated carbon for use as a nanoadditive in developing jojoba oil-based bio-grease. To extract nanoactivated carbon, banana peel waste (BP) was thermochemically treated by carbonization, activation, and combined activation/carbonization. The prepared samples were characterized using SEM and XRD. Particle sizes, as calculated by the XRD data for BP, Carbonized banana peels (CBP), carbonized/activated banana peels (CABP), and activated/carbonized (ACBP) were 113.24 nm, 96.56 nm, 86.18 nm, and 93.60 nm respectively. CABP of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 wt.% was mixed with jojoba oil and lithium stearate thickener to prepare the grease. Grease samples were tested for copper corrosion and dropping points. The lowest corrosiveness (1a) and highest dropping point (109 °C) were observed for grease, which had the highest weight of CABP (1.5 wt.%). It was evident that the addition of CABP to the prepared bio-greases had a positive impact on the grease properties.

Promising Biomass Derived Functional Carbon from Brassica oleracea (Leaf) for Super Capacitor Applications

The progress in development of novel electrode materials is critical for invention of energy storage devices as increased energy consumption necessitates extremely effective energy conversion. The biomass material (waste) obtained from Brassica oleracea (Leaf) was successfully transformed into functional carbon for use as electrode materials in electrochemical applications. The samples BOL-800 and BOL-900 were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, which indicated the presence of functional carbon. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the synthesized samples, whereas SEM images clearly confirmed the formation of micro-size pores. Thermogravimetric analysis of BOL-800 indicated the progression of gasification reaction. Specific capacitance values for samples BOL-800 and 900 were calculated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge at current density of 0.5 A/g. Among the tested electrodes, BOL-900 electrode was found to exhibit superior specific conductance.

Doable high energy density supercapacitors using rice husk-derived carbon in dihydroxybenzenes as redox-additive electrolytes

Though activated carbon made from various bio wastes is quite affordable and plentiful, the energy density of these electrodes in aqueous electrolytes is still questionable. Therefore, increasing the energy density of activated carbon for use in supercapacitors is a challenging issue. The ideal way to boost the energy density of supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes is by using redox-additive electrolytes. Redox-additive electrolytes are the impeccable solution for thriving the energy density of supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes. Here, three additives namely 1, 2-benzene diol, 1, 3-benzene diol, and 1, 4-benzene diol were utilized as redox-additives with 1 M H2SO4 to study the influence of the position of OH on their redox activity and electrochemical performance. The activated carbon derived from rice-husk delivered a high specific capacitance of 1414 F/g at 4 A/g with 1, 4-benzene diol/H2SO4 among the three redox additives. A symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated, which exhibited a remarkable energy density of 38 Wh/kg at 2 A/g with 1, 4-benzene diol/H2SO4, which is almost 4 times superior to the energy density of the same electrode with H2SO4 (10.6 Wh/kg at 2 A/g).

Investigating the surface properties of red pepper industrial waste-based activated carbons for use as reversible supercapacitor electrodes

This study presents the development of green and sustainable supercapacitor electrodes using activated carbons derived from industrial waste from red pepper (RPW) via conventional chemical activation using ZnCl2 at various carbonization/activation temperatures. The activated carbon samples were subjected to various analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, Raman, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. The resulting carbon samples were then used to prepare standard coin-sized supercapacitor cells, which were tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques with a 6 M KOH electrolyte. The BET surface area and surface functionality of the samples decreased as the temperature increased. The material produced at the highest temperature (AC800) exhibited the lowest gravimetric capacitance value (131 F/g). However, it demonstrated perfectly reversible electrochemical behavior with the highest capacitance retention of 50 % (between 0.5 A/g and 10 A/g) and cyclic stability (>96 %) over 10,000 cycles among all the other materials. Conversely, the electrode material produced at the lowest temperature (AC600) had the highest gravimetric capacitance value of 175 F/g but the lowest electrochemical stability due to the contribution of pseudo faradaic processes in the storage mechanism.

Efficient conversion of non-biodegradable waste into hard carbon as a cost-effective anode for sodium-ion batteries

The possibility of utilizing single-use non-biodegradable materials for secondary usage by converting them into other forms, such as hard carbon, is important because it lowers the long-term environmental hazards associated with these wastes and decreases the manufacture cost of hard carbon by avoiding expensive precursors. Hard carbon has recently attracted interest as a prospective affordable anode for upcoming commercial sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we used a simple high-temperature treatment process to convert floral foam into hard carbon for use as a negative electrode in SIBs. The floral foam-derived hard carbon presents a notable electrochemical performance, by maintaining a specific discharge capacity of 88.8% after 1000 cycles and good rate performance. Such favorable electrochemical performances might be ascribed to the hard carbon structure with a larger interlayer spacing and enough defects, which is significant for reversible Na+ ion intercalation and deintercalation.

Boosting capacitive performance of N, S co-doped hierarchical porous lignin-derived carbon via self-assembly assisted template-coupled activation

Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials show promise for use as supercapacitor electrodes, but the tradeoff between surface area and the heteroatom dopant levels limits the supercapacitive performance. Here, we modulated the pore structure and surface dopants of N, S co-doped hierarchical porous lignin-derived carbon (NS-HPLC-K) via self-assembly assisted template-coupled activation. The ingenious assembly of lignin micelles and sulfomethylated melamine into a magnesium carbonate basic template greatly promoted the KOH activation process, which endowed the NS-HPLC-K with uniform distributions of activated N/S dopants and highly accessible nanosized pores. The optimized NS-HPLC-K exhibited a three-dimensional hierarchically porous architecture composed of wrinkled nanosheets and a high specific surface area of 2538.3 ± 9.5 m2/g with a rational N content of 3.19 ± 0.01 at.%, which boosted the electrical double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance. Consequently, the NS-HPLC-K supercapacitor electrode delivered a superior gravimetric capacitance of 393 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Furthermore, the assembled coin-type supercapacitor showed good energy-power characteristics and cycling stability. This work provides a novel idea for designing eco-friendly porous carbons for use in advanced supercapacitors.

Pd-Ni-B/C Nanocatalysts for Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethanol in Alkaline Media

This paper describes the synthesis of Pd<sub>0.70</sub>-Ni<sub>x</sub>-B<sub>y</sub> nanoparticles (x:y = 0.30:0, 0:0.30, 0.25:0.05, 0.20:0.10, 0.15:0.15, and 0.10:0.20) supported on carbon Vulcan XC-72 R by the chemical reduction method using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent for the study of the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in alkaline media. Neither surfactants nor templates were used during the syntheses. The catalysts were physically characterized by transmission electron microscopy that showed the formation of nanoparticles with diameters of approximately 3 nm. Analyses of X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of the synthesized metals in concentrations close to the nominal ones. The electrochemical study was performed by CO-stripping, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and steady-state polarization curves. The catalytic efficiency was also evaluated against the oxidation of CO, which is the principal intermediate adsorbed on the surface of catalysts during ethanol oxidation. The Pd<sub>0.70</sub>Ni<sub>0.15</sub>B<sub>0.15</sub>/C catalyst showed the lowest oxidation onset potentials for both CO (0.37 V) and ethanol oxidation (0.51 V) compared with the Pd/C catalyst (0.63 V and 0.64 V). Chronoamperometric tests also revealed that the Pd<sub>0.70</sub>Ni<sub>0.15</sub>B<sub>0.15</sub>/C catalyst displayed current densities four times higher than those of the Pd/C catalyst, probably because of the electronic and geometric effect that favors the removal of intermediate species from the catalyst surface. The synthesized ternary catalysts were more efficient toward the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in alkaline media than Pd<sub>0.7</sub>Ni<sub>0.3</sub>/C and Pd/C catalysts. Thus, the synergistic effect of boron on the structure of binary nanoparticle catalysts supported on carbon for use in direct alcohol fuel cells was demonstrated for the first time.

Biomass valorisation of marula nutshell waste into nitrogen-doped activated carbon for use in high performance supercapacitors

This study reports on the valorisation of marula nutshell waste into a valuable electrode material for supercapacitors. Marula nutshell waste, a brown hard residue from marula fruits was valorised into a nitrogen-doped activated carbon (N-ACs) by KOH treatment and using melamine as a nitrogen source. The microporous and mesoporous nature of N-ACs exhibited a high surface area of 1427 m² g−1 and pore volume of 0.31 cm3 g−1. Three electrode measurements were done in 6 M KOH and 2.5 M KNO3 aqueous electrolytes, to examine the materials in alkaline and neutral medium. The N-ACs exhibited a capacitance of 350 F g−1 in 6 M KOH and 248 F g−1 in 2.5 M KNO3 electrolyte. Due to low toxicity and wider operating voltage (∼1.8 V) of 2.5 KNO3, the material was further analysed in a symmetric device. The high surface area, the defects, and the high content of nitrogen (5.1%) revealed that the material produced an outstanding energy density of 17.2 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 448.7 W kg−1 in 2.5 M KNO3 electrolyte. The conversion of marula nuts waste into N-ACs thus provide a means of converting biomass waste into a useful energy storage material for supercapacitors.

Leaf Traits and Resource Use Efficiencies of 19 Woody Plant Species in a Plantation in Fangshan, Beijing, China

Plantations are typically monocultures, which limits their sustainability. Therefore, understanding acclimatization strategies and resource use efficiencies in plant species and life forms aids the improvement of vegetation diversity and ecological functions. Here, 19 species from forest plantations in Fangshan, Beijing, China were studied. We determined their net photosynthetic (Pn), and transpiration rates (E), light response curve, stomatal conductance (gs), and leaf nitrogen (N) content. We analyzed the leaf N content (Nmass), specific leaf area (SLA), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), water use (WUE), nitrogen use (NUE), and carbon use (CUE) efficiencies and connected them with both species and life forms. Pnmax, SLA, Nmass, WUE, NUE, and CUE significantly differed among species. Evergreen conifers had the lowest SLA and Nmass but the highest WUE and CUE. Evergreen coniferous trees had lower SLA, Nmass, Pnmax, and NUE but higher WUE than deciduous trees and shrubs. The SLA, Nmass, and Pnmax of nitrogen-fixing plants were the highest. A correlation analysis revealed that WUE was positively correlated with CUE and negatively correlated with NUE. Moreover, WUE was negatively correlated with Nmass and SLA. These insights into the adaptability differences of woody plant species and life forms provide a scientific basis for the selection of appropriate species for sustainable forest plantations.

Successive selective leaching procedures for valorization of spent pot lining carbon

Spent pot lining (SPL) is a hazardous by-product obtained during the decomposition of carbon cathodes in the electrolytic cells used in aluminium smelting. The carbon cathode lining materials degrade over time thereby affecting the performance of the electrolytic cell. Fluoride contents of up to 20 wt% and cyanides up to 1 wt% have been reported as the main environmental concerns in SPL. This study investigated the effect of successive selective leaching (SSL) of pollutants from the SPL in obtaining suitable carbon for use in energy storage applications. Compositional and microstructural analyses were performed on the leached and as-received SPL samples using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), transmission electronic microscopy – energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In this study, the XRD analysis revealed that fluoride ions in the SPL exist as sodium fluoride (NaF) and calcium fluoride (CaF2). The results indicated that the SSL of SPL is dependent on pH, temperature, types of lixiviant used for the selective leaching and number of washings. It was established that increasing the number of washings with steady stirring rate reduced electrical conductivity and fluoride concentration in the filtrate. Furthermore, high ion removal was achieved at 100 ℃. The current study therefore demonstrated successful removal of pollutants such as CaF2, SiO2, NaF, Al2O3 and Na3Al11O17 while providing insight into the chemical structure and morphology of the treated and untreated SPL.

One-pot synthesis of potassium benzoate-derived porous carbon for CO2 capture and supercapacitor application

Porous carbons are becoming increasingly fascinating materials for CO2 adsorption and supercapacitor applications thanks to their large surface areas, excess amount of presence, heteroatom-decorated surface and cost-effectiveness. However, the harsh and corrosive preparation process limits their wide utilization, thus it is urgent to find out facile, one-step and non-corrosive approaches. Herein, the potassium benzoate was used to synthesize porous carbons by a single-step and self-activating approach. As-prepared carbons exhibit advanced textural activity, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of these samples can be up to 1119 m2/g along with maximum pore volume of 0.56 cm3/g. Benefiting from such merits, optimal sample PBC-750-800 illustrates a high CO2 uptake of 3.59 and 4.91 mmol g−1 at 1 bar at 25 and 0 °C, respectively. Moreover, the PBC-750-800 exhibited cycling stability with 100 % retention of the initial CO2 adsorption capacity over 5 cycles together with an CO2/N2 selectivity of 18. Upon electrochemical characterization, the best PBC-750-800 sample showed a rather high specific capacitance of 320 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a good rate capability (57 % and 51 % capacitance retention at 5 and 30 A g−1, respectively) at 6 M KOH electrolyte in a three-electrode system. The present study introduces a novel, cost-effective strategy to prepare advanced porous carbon for use in efficient CO2 adsorbent and supercapacitor applications.

Characterization of ultra-micropore powder activated carbon for use in removing regulated disinfection by-product precursors

This work investigated the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of ultra-micropore powder activated carbon (PAC) for the application of disinfection by-products precursors removal from Hatyai, Songkhla, and Bangkhen, Bangkok raw water sources in Thailand. Poly aluminum chloride (PACl) was used as the pre-treatment prior to the PAC adsorption. The remaining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) after PACl coagulation at a low dose of 20 mg/L resulted in a high concentration of trihalomethanes in the pre-treated water. Three PACs with a micropore area in the range of 1189 to 1544 m2/g were employed to adsorb the remaining DOC. An equilibrium contact time of roughly 60 min was determined. The three PACs have comparable adsorption rates, ranging from 2.4 to 3.3 mg/g-h. The adsorption capacities from 17.9 to 28.4 mg DOC/g PAC were found. These values increased when the number of micropores increased. A good linear relationship between micropore area and the adsorption capacities of DOC was determined. The micropore area was the important parameter for selecting PAC to remove DOC. Doubling the PACl dosage for the pre-treatment of the water samples before PAC adsorption decreased the PAC dosage in a range from 30 % to 43 %. The isotherms could be applied to other water sources that have correlated characteristics. Using ultra-micropore PAC after PACl coagulation with controlled equilibrium concentration in terms of DOC to <1.8 mg/L could reduce trihalomethanes to lower than the World Health Organization, the Japan, and the European Union drinking water standards.

CoN2O2 sites in carbon nanosheets by template-pyrolysis of COFs for CO2RR

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is critical in addressing CO2 emissions. Single atom catalysts, are attracting considerable attention for CO2RR because of their high atom utilization efficiencies and tailored electron states. However, the catalytic sites remain limited and developing novel catalytic centers is a significant and challenge. Herein, for the first time, we fabricated CoN2O2 sites in 2D carbon for use in CO2RR via template pyrolysis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). After forming the COF on the surface of Mg/Al-LDH, the obtained catalyst displayed a layered morphology with a thickness of approximately 36 nm and had abundant CoN2O2 sites (4.27 wt% Co). The catalyst showed a remarkable catalytic activity towards CO2RR, with Faradaic efficiencies of 80.2–96.5 % at applied potentials between −0.6 and −1.0 V. Theoretical calculations showed that the CoN2O2 sites favor the stretching and cleavage of COOH* at the Co active centers, accelerating the rate-determining step of COOH* formation.

Highly scalable and environment-friendly conversion of low-grade coal to activated carbon for use as electrode material in symmetric supercapacitor

The subbituminous type of coal is considered low-grade and unsuitable for power generation due to its low calorific value and high impurity content. As a result, this type of coal does not have any economic value and so is mostly lying unutilized. In this work, we have explored a simple and easily scalable approach to converting this low-grade subbituminous coal, abundantly found in the North-Eastern region (NER) of India, to valuable porous activated carbon material with the target of its potential use as electrode material in electrochemical energy storage. The synthesis process follows an environmentally friendly method, which includes ultrasonication-aided H2O2oxidation of the raw coal and subsequent thermochemical activation with KOH. Through variation of KOH ratio and pyrolysis temperature, the optimized coal-derived activated carbon was found to exhibit the maximum specific surface area and pore volume of 1021 m2/g and 0.52 cm3/g respectively. When tested as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor cells, this activated carbon delivers a high specific capacitance of 227 and 99 F/g at 0.5 A/g current density in aqueous and organic electrolytes respectively. Moreover, it shows excellent capacity retention of 82% at 5 A/g current density after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles.

Techno-economic Assessment of Plastic Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Case Study for Sri Lanka

Worldwide, the plastic demand is increasing annually by 4%. Technologies can help save or reduce the material and energy consumption of the plastic material supply chain by applying proper waste management methods. However, comparative assessment is required to identify optimum material and energy recovery scenarios. Sri Lanka currently imports virgin plastic raw materials for different applications, which amounts to 300,000 tons per annum. Municipal solid waste generation of all solid waste is around 10,768 tons per day and collected by local authorities only 3,458 tons per day, in which over 50% of uncollected waste material, containing valuable plastics, goes to open dumps and the surrounding environment. At the end of life, plastic waste should not merely manage as energy recovery (such as waste to energy) however suitable technologies need to be applied to recycle the carbon for use as material feed stocks. Thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies offer the option to utilize organic waste as chemical feedstock and subsequent polymers. The solution towards deriving synthetic materials allows a more closed cycle of materials and can help to reduce dependence on either fossil or bio-based raw materials. This study summarizes plastic waste management routes available and investigates how in the long-term they could be applied to enhance waste management in developing and emerging environments. Thus, the study aims to assess the technologies of plastic waste management in a Techno-economic framework in a typical developing country. Keywords: Plastic waste management, Material and energy recovery, Circular economy

Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalysis of Electrogenerated H2O2 for Dissolved RDX Removal.

New insensitive high explosives pose great challenges to conventional explosives manufacturing wastewater treatment processes and require advanced methods to effectively and efficiently mineralize these recalcitrant pollutants. Oxidation processes that utilize the fundamental techniques of Fenton chemistry optimized to overcome conventional limitations are vital to provide efficient degradation of these pollutants while maintaining cost-effectiveness and scalability. In this manner, utilizing heterogeneous catalysts and in-situ generated H2O2 to degrade IHEs is proposed. For heterogeneous catalyst optimization, varying the surface chemistry of activated carbon for use as a catalyst removes precipitation complications associated with iron species in Fenton chemistry while including removal by adsorption. Activated carbon impregnated with 5% MnO2 in the presence of H2O2 realized a high concentration of hydroxyl radical formation - 140 μM with 10 mM H2O2 - while maintaining low cost and relative ease of synthesis. This AC-Mn5 catalyst performed effectively over a wide pH range and in the presence of varying H2O2 concentrations with a sufficient effective lifetime. In-situ generation of H2O2 removes the logistical and economic constraints associated with external H2O2, with hydrophobic carbon electrodes utilizing generated gaseous O2 for 2-electron oxygen reduction reactions. In a novel flow-through reactor, gaseous O2 is generated on a titanium/mixed metal oxide anode with subsequent H2O2 electrogeneration on a hydrophobic microporous-layered carbon cloth cathode. This reactor is able to electrogenerate 2 mM H2O2 at an optimized current intensity of 150 mA and over a wide range of flow rates, influent pH values, and through multiple iterations. Coupling these two optimization methods realizes the production of highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals by Fenton-like catalysis of electrogenerated H2O2 on the surface of an MnO2-impregnated activated carbon catalyst. This method incorporates electrochemically induced oxidation of munitions in addition to removal by adsorption while maintaining cost-effectiveness and scalability. It is anticipated this platform holds great promise to eliminate analogous contaminants.

Hard Carbons for Use as Electrodes in Li-S and Li-ion Batteries.

Activated hard carbons, obtained from the pyrolysis of various waste biomasses, were prepared and characterized for use as the active material for the fabrication of battery electrodes. The preparation consisted of a pyrolysis process, followed by an activation with KOH and a further high-temperature thermal process. TG and DTA were used to discriminate the steps of the activation process, while SEM, XRD, and Raman characterization were employed to evaluate the effects of activation. The activated carbons were tested as electrodes in lithium-sulfur and lithium-ion batteries. The carbonaceous materials coming from cherry stones and walnut shells have proved to be particularly suitable as electrode components. When used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries, both carbons exhibited a high first cycle discharge capacity, which was not restored during the next charge. After the first two cycles, in which there was a marked loss of capacity, both electrodes showed good reversibility. When used as cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries, both carbons exhibited good catalytic activity against the redox reaction involving sulfur species with good cycle stability and satisfactory Coulombic efficiency.

Porous carbons for use in electro-fenton and fenton-like reactions

Porous carbons for use in electro-fenton and fenton-like reactions

Ultrafast and Ultrastable Heteroarchitectured Porous Nanocube Anode Composed of CuS/FeS2 Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for Use in Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The enhancement of the structural stability of conversion-based metal sulfides at high current densities remains a major challenge in realizing the practical application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The instability of metal sulfides is caused by the large volume variation and sluggish reaction kinetics upon sodiation/desodiation. To overcome this, herein, a heterostructured nanocube anode composed of CuS/FeS2 embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (CuS/FeS2 @NC) is synthesized. Size- and shape-controlled porous carbon nanocubes containing metallic nanoparticles are synthesized by the two-step pyrolysis of a bimetallic Prussian blue analog (PBA) precursor. The simple sulfurization-induced formation of highly conductive CuS along with FeS2 facilitates sodium-ion diffusion and enhances the redox reversibility upon cycling. The mesoporous carbon structure provides excellent electrolyte impregnation, efficient charge transport pathways, and good volume expansion buffering. The CuS/FeS2 @NC nanocube anode exhibits excellent sodium storage characteristics including high desodiation capacity (608 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 ), remarkable long-term cycle life (99.1% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5 A g-1 ), and good rate capability up to 5 A g-1 . The simple, facile synthetic route combined with the rational design of bimetallic PBA nanostructures can be widely utilized in the development of conversion-based metal sulfides and other high-capacity anode materials for high-performance SIBs.

Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with high-density polyethylene to produce chemicals and bio-oil with high liquid yields

The pyrolysis of waste plastic and lignocellulosic material feedstocks increases the hydrogen/carbon ratio of the plastic-biomass mixture and may be advantageous for refining the properties of pyrolysis oil, which can be directly used as a fuel without any need for upgrading by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. In this paper, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and brown salwood were tested in a custom-built laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor to investigate the co-pyrolysis reaction at temperatures ranging from 500 to 650 °C, nitrogen flow rates ranging from 40 to 160 mL min−1, and HDPE-to-biomass ratios ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. The results revealed that the temperature mostly influenced the pyrolysis products, whereas increasing the temperature to 600 °C promoted pyrolysis oil production, reaching a yield of 35.10 ± 1.20 wt%. Further increasing the reaction temperature to 650 °C decreased the yield to 34.57 ± 0.49 wt% because secondary cracking reactions produce a noncondensable gas rich in hydrocarbons. Physicochemical analysis of the pyrolyzed organic phase revealed a gross calorific heating value of up to approximately 38.19 MJ kg−1. Additionally, co-pyrolysis of HDPE improved the production of furans, and acid derivatives were obtained in the aqueous fraction via the thermal conversion of hemicellulose and lignin; conversely, the obtained char exhibited a notably low surface area and few superficial micropores and was used to further develop activated carbon for use as a catalyst in the catalytic pyrolysis of waste materials.