Carbon Fiber Material Research Articles

Waste Cigarette Butts-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Fibers Loaded with Ru Nanoparticles as an Efficient Cathode Catalyst for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

Low catalytic activity and high cost of cathode catalysts hinder the large-scale commercial application of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. In this work, waste cigarette butts, which inherently have a porous fiber structure, were selected as the precursor of the carbon material for the cathode catalyst of Li-O2 batteries. The porous nitrogen-doped carbon material was prepared by simple heat treatment of waste cigarette butts. The rich porous structure of the obtained carbon fiber material effectively enhances the diffusion of oxygen molecules and provides ample space for the discharge products. N doping in carbon fibers enhances the bifunctional catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The assembled Li-O2 battery with C–N fibers-loaded Ru nanoparticles catalyst delivers an initial discharge capacity of up to 12 036.3 mA h g–1 and can be cycled stably for more than 800 cycles (4000 h) at a current density of 200 mA g–1 and a cutoff capacity of 500 mA h g–1. Even at a high current density of 500 mA g–1, the cells still show a high average discharge voltage of 2.28 V with excellent cycle stability and rate capability. XPS analysis proves that the cathode material can effectively inhibit the formation of Li2CO3 and Li2O byproducts. This work provides a cost-effective solution to solve the cathode catalyst problem of Li-O2 batteries and improve their cycling stability as well as environment protection.

Composition and Activity of Copper-Palladium Catalyst on Carbon Fiber Material for Air Purification from Carbon Monoxide

A set of research methods (X-ray phase, desorption, kinetic) was used to determine the state of the basic components K2PdCl4 and Cu(NO3)2 in the catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen. It was found that the palladium (II) and copper (II) initial compounds under the action of carbon fiber carrier change their state. Palladium is reduced to X-ray amorphous Pd0, and copper (II) is in the form of a crystalline phase Cu2(OH)3Cl. It was found that the catalyst exhibits protective properties within the initial concentrations of carbon monoxide  300 mg/m3 and an effective contact time of 0.45 s and can be used in human respiratory protection.

Characterizing elastic constants of anisotropic materials by spherical indentation method

By the theoretical analysis and the finite element (FE) method, a new model for measuring the elastic constants of transversely isotropic materials has been proposed from spherical indentation. A theoretical analysis of the spherical indentationmodulus for the materials is presented. Extensive spherical indentation tests were implemented by three dimensional (3D) FE simulations. By fitting the simulation results, the analytical relationship correlating the elastic parameters with the indentation moduli at three different indentation orientation angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) was set up. The effectiveness of the proposed method was examined by a series of numerical indentation experiments. It is found that the calculated values by the proposed method are well consistent with the input elastic parameters. The sensitivity of the calculated elastic parameters to the experimental data was analyzed. Simultaneously, this method was applied to carbon fiber materials. The results calculated by the method proposed in this paper were compared with results obtained by the theoretical model and experimental measurement to verify the effectiveness of this method. Thus the proposed method is practiced and could be used to identify the elastic properties of transversely isotropic materials.

Study on design, preparation, and performance of low‐temperature rising concrete with energy storage aggregate

AbstractAlleviating cracks induced by the temperature rise in mass concrete has always been a research hotspot and engineering problem. In this study, a type of energy storage phase change low‐temperature rising concrete was designed and prepared to reduce the cracking risk of mass concrete. First, a type of energy storage coarse aggregate (ESA) was prepared using a semi‐dry method with cement and fly ash as matrix materials, mixed with carbon black (CB), carbon fiber (CF), and phase change material (PCM). Furthermore, the influence of these materials on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and pore structure of the ESA was studied. Subsequently, ESA was used to prepare phase change low‐temperature rising concrete, and its mechanical properties, thermal conductivity (TC), and internal temperature rise were investigated. The research results show that, except for the compressive strength of PCM‐15‐ESA, which is only 7% lower than that of the control, PC‐P0, other samples have no mechanical property deterioration. The double‐layer protection measures can effectively avoid the mechanical property deterioration of concrete induced by PCM leakage. The maximum internal temperature rise of concrete is reduced by 9.8°C, which greatly reduces the risk of cracking of concrete.

Applicability Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials for a Novel Lightweight Designing Lap Bar of Amusement Ride

The machinery manufacturing industry, including amusement rides, has made progress in structural lightweight and increasingly using carbon fiber‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) to achieve modest weight savings. The lap bar, as a key force‐bearing component used to restrain passengers, bears the brunt of becoming an important direction for lightweight design. To address this issue, the study analyzes and calculates its stress and deformation based on finite element analysis, and the results show that the CFRP lap bar does not exhibit obvious strain concentration, expected to have a longer service life. On the basis of these studies, the CFRP lap is prepared, and it is found that this substitution leads to a reduction in weight of 66.7%. In addition, three groups of fatigue tests are used to simulate its running state under nuclear load and overload, and acoustic emission (AE) technology is used to monitor it. The results show that there is no obvious damage in the tests of three different stages, and the reliability is strong, which verifies that the selection of carbon fiber materials can meet the requirements of bumpers.

Structural Stiffness and Mechanical Analysis of Fiber Wound Composite Sports Equipment Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Materials

Continuous improvements in sports equipment are crucial for enhancing performance and ensuring safety. Carbon fiber composites, comprising carbon fibers and a matrix such as resin, metal, or ceramics, have exceptional strength and stiffness properties. This study focused on the application of carbon fiber reinforced composites in sports equipment, with an emphasis on optimizing the stiffness of lightweight equipment. The research revealed that fiber-wound composites exhibit nonlinear behavior, and the overlapping fiber structure can impede damage propagation, leading to greater in-plane shear failure strain compared to composite laminates. The study aimed to predict the mechanical behavior and structural stiffness of fiber-wound composite sports equipment reinforced with carbon fibers. The findings can be used to improve the design and manufacturing process of sports equipment, leading to better performance and durability. The utilization of these materials in sports equipment may also contribute to reducing the weight of the equipment, thereby enhancing athlete’s performance and reducing the risk of injury.

Alternating polarization of Fe modified carbon fiber materials. towards the development of single-electrode electro-Fenton batch reactors

Alternating polarization of Fe modified carbon fiber materials. towards the development of single-electrode electro-Fenton batch reactors

Repairable, reprocessable and recyclable rigid silicone material enabled by dual dynamic covalent bonds crosslinking side-chain

Although many dynamic crosslinked silicone materials with repairability, reprocessability and recyclability have already been developed, these materials are still challenged by their weak mechanical properties and low glass-transition temperature (Tg). Herein, a dual dynamic covalent bonds crosslinking side-chain concept is proposed to fabricate repairable, recyclable and reprocessable silicone material with high mechanical strength and Tg. Specifically, the dynamic imine bond and aminal bond are synergistically integrated into the polysiloxane crosslinked network, where diethylenetriamine functionalized polysiloxanes are crosslinked by 1,4-phthalaldehyde. The resultant silicone materials exhibit maximum tensile strength and Tg of ∼ 25 MPa and ∼ 170 °C, respectively, which are much higher than the reported dynamic crosslinked silicones. More importantly, the dynamic behavior of this rigid silicone can still be effectively activated by raising the temperature. Based on this, after the damaged materials are repaired by thermally pressing them with silicone powders, they can recover more than 95 % of virgin tensile strength. The pulverized silicone powders can also be reprocessed into new samples after thermally pressing at 150 °C for 45 min, and ∼ 85 % of the tensile strength is repeatedly restored. In addition, the carbon fiber/silicone composite with a tensile strength of 110 MPa can also be recycled for carbon fiber and silicone material. When the recycled carbon fiber and silicone material are thermally remolded into new composite, they repeatedly recover ∼ 95 % of mechanical properties. Obviously, this dynamic crosslinked silicone material will meet the potential applications requiring high mechanical properties under high temperature conditions.

Effects of multiple post cure cycles on properties of composite carbon fibre and epoxy materials

Post-curing cycles have an effective impact on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoset composite materials. Typically, post-cure cycles use heat to expose cured resin parts to high temperatures in an attempt to maximize their final properties. In most cases, these processes allow composite parts to achieve the highest possible strength and become stable. In industrial practice, however, it has been found that there are potential consequences of performing localized repairs on composite parts in an autoclave where the localized repair undergoes a normal curing process while the parent part undergoes an additional curing process. Thus, for the parent part, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can trigger a process of decomposition of the resin matrix, as could be the aging phenomena of composites in service. In such a scenario, two practical questions are worth asking: (1) to what extent can a resin matrix be post cured without risking degrading its thermal properties? (2) what are the residual mechanical and physical properties resulting from prolonged exposure of composite parts to elevated temperatures? In this work, an analysis was carried out to estimate the potential adverse effects on thermoset composite parts made of carbon fibre and epoxy resin materials commonly used in aerospace, in terms of thermal, physical and mechanical properties after a long exposure to high temperatures caused by multiple post cure cycles. Two types of prepreg laminates were used to make monolithic test panels using twill and plain weave architectures for the M21 and 8552 test panels respectively. Thermal tests were conducted to evaluate the evolution of the degree of cure, the glass transition temperature and the inter-laminar shear strength of post-cured panels, which were subjected to a different number of post cure cycles. The study found that multiple post cure cycles alter thermal properties, which in turn have adverse effects on physical and mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the two types of composite materials respond differently to changes in properties. Twill weave panels quickly reach full cure after three stages while plain weave panels have undergone gradual curing. This difference in the curing process of the resin matrix clearly influenced the changes in the measurements of shear, surface hardness and compressive strengths.

Comparison of carbon fiber and glass fiber partial foot orthosis by Experimental and computational method

Many persons living in industrialized nations who have undergone lower limb amputations now have better function and a higher quality of life because of significant prosthetic foot research and development advancements over the past 20 years. A drawback of this new R&D is that the vast majority of end users in developing nations cannot use it because of the components' high price, low durability, high maintenance requirements, and limited accessibility. Research is needed in this area to build and improve a prosthetic foot that is extremely valuable, meets economic, environmental, and physical standards, and can withstand harsh working environments and climates. A successful prosthesis that strives to maximize function while minimizing production costs typically relies on the elasticity of its component materials to produce a “spring,” which resembles a physiological foot's stride. To identify design elements influencing improved functional results, this study examined the mechanical parameters of PFOs, specifically structural stiffness, rotational motion, and strut deflection. Diabetes patients frequently receive prescriptions for insoles and footwear to help avoid the development of foot ulcers. Plantar peak pressure (PPP) is decreased in areas of interest using insoles and sturdy footwear (ROI). These areas are known as the heel and metatarsal phalangeal joints 1–2. While previous research has looked at the effectiveness of individual materials in partial foot orthoses, this study provides a direct comparison of carbon fiber and glass fiber materials. By using both experimental and computational methods, the study is able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the performance of these materials in partial foot orthoses.This study is designed to compare the pressure distribution of two different kinds of insoles.

Analysis of millisecond collision of composite high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder

For vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, impact resistance is an important indicator. This work aims at building a model of 70 MPa composite fully wound Ⅳ cylinder around T800 carbon fiber material, investigating the law of transient changes in the body of the bottle under different velocity impacts and the source of risk of bursting. Through millisecond impact analysis, the energy transfer path and transformation trend inside the cylinder are obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that there was a clear pattern of positive correlation between the tensile and compressive stresses generated by the difference between the internal pressure of the bottle and the impact pressure. The final results show that after the impact, the failure occurred firstly at the inner wall of the fiber corresponding to the impact point, and the fiber damage spreads in all directions. The thickness of the failure pavement increases from the inside to the outside.

Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing

Article Recycled Carbon Fibre Composites in Automotive Manufacturing Jean-Baptiste R. G. Souppez 1, * , and Geethanjali S. Pavar 2 1 Department of Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. 2 Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. * Correspondence: j.souppez@aston.ac.uk Received: 9 January 2023 Accepted: 22 February 2023 Published: 6 March 2023 Abstract: The contemporary need for lightweight and sustainable materials in automotive manufacturing has made recycled carbon fibre an attractive option. Yet, aspects such as the mechanical properties of short fibre composites need to be characterised to fully identify the capabilities and opportunities for recycled carbon fibre in the automotive industry. Consequently, this paper aims to ascertain the potential of recycled carbon fibre materials for automotive manufacturing by considering mechanical properties, design implications, and resulting costs and sustainability. Destructive testing is employed to characterise the mechanical properties of virgin carbon fibre (VCF), recycled carbon fibre (RCF) using pyrolysis, and blended recycled carbon fibre (BRCF) comprising 50% polypropylene fibre. Here we quantify (i) the reduction in mechanical properties, namely the tensile modulus and breaking strength, (ii) the resulting increase in required thickness and therefore mass for manufactured parts and (iii) the reduction in cost and embodied energy achieved for RCF and BRCF compared to VCF, based on both a stiffness- and a strength-driven design criterion. Furthermore, we present a decision-making methodology revealing BRCF as the most cost-effective solution, while RCF proves to be the most sustainable alternative. These results provide a novel quantitative assessment of recycled carbon fibre for automotive manufacturing and may contribute to future developments in sustainable composite manufacturing in the automotive industry.

PETG/carbon fiber composites with different structures produced by 3D printing

This research presents a novel methodology for simulating the failure of a 3D-printed engineering design structure. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)/Carbon fiber (CF) material was utilized to develop and build the structure's topology. The mechanical characteristics of PETG/CF materials were evaluated through modeling, which was quantitatively linked to the experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the fracture surface material before and after failure testing. The actual tests and numerical studies used five different fabrication structures which were correlated with deformation, force, and failure mode. ANSYS software was used with experimental results and finite element analysis (FEA) under both dynamic and quasi-static conditions. Five 3D printed materials of PETG reinforced with short CFs of approximately 7.6 μm in a weight fraction of 20% were investigated. The overall goal was to create a cost-effective and straightforward material production technology that can retain high mechanical strength while also providing suitable flexibility. The tensile test results of the 3D-printed PETG/CF solid structural design revealed a 23% improvement in yield strength over the other conventional structures. The study illustrates how FEA of 3D printing is used to evaluate the performance of a helmet chinstrap design with different production conditions, hence possibly reducing the product design and development time.

Finite element analysis of coil spring by using carbon fibre, carbon steel and epoxy resin materials

Coil springs stay one of the oldest suspension mechanisms. They are habitually used even now, particularly in the field of two-wheeled vehicles. The design of coil springs is based on compressive energy components. Location, celerity in addition to placement of the spring provides the thrust in the fork attachment positions. One more portion that requests focus, is the automobile industry which has given improved curiosity in exchanging steel springs for composite materials due to its high strength-to-flexibility ratio. Hence, examination and study of material become correspondingly vital to check the behavior of composite coil springs. In this study, analysis was done on composite coil springs using carbon fiber, carbon steel, and epoxy resin material. 3D modeling is prepared with CATIA V5 and Finite Element Analysis is done on ANSYS. The results show that among epoxy resin, carbon steel, and carbon fiber, carbon steel provides more strength compared to epoxy resin and carbon fiber. In finite element analysis, epoxy resin material has shown maximum deformation and has maximum stress concentration. Further various composite materials along with analysis (compression, tensile, wear as well as tear) are concluded by referring to the results in use from the FEA. From the results, carbon steel is found to be a superior material for coil springs.

Load-Oriented Nonplanar Additive Manufacturing Method for Optimized Continuous Carbon Fiber Parts.

The process of the additive manufacturing (AM) of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) parts based on the process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) has seen considerable research in recent years, which amplifies the importance of adapted slicing and pathplanning methods. In particular, load-oriented techniques are of high interest when employing carbon fiber materials, as classical methods, such as tape-laying and laminating, struggle with highly curved and complex geometries and require the costly production of molds. While there have been some promising propositions in this field, most have restricted themselves to a planar slicing approach, which severely limits the ability to place the fibers along stress paths. In this paper, a nonplanar slicing approach is presented that utilizes principal stress directions to construct optimized nonplanar constituting layers on which pathplanning can be carried out. These layers are oriented such that the effect of the weak interlayer adhesion is minimized. Support material is adaptively generated to enable the use of arbitrary part geometry. Furthermore, a continuous pathplanning method and post-processor are applied to yield manufacturing instructions. The approach is verified for its viability of application through experimental investigation on a multi-axis robotic 3D printer. This constitutes an important step in allowing the fabrication of CFRP parts to further utilize the possibilities of additive manufacturing.

A review of FMLs performance test methods and index evaluation

With its excellent fatigue performance and high damage tolerance and other irreplaceable advantages, FMLs have gradually increased the demand in aerospace, rail transit, ship and other fields, and have put forward higher requirements for the speed and accuracy of its performance test and index evaluation. In this paper, the methods of performance test, analysis and index evaluation of FMLs are introduced from three aspects with carbon fiber and composite materials, mechanical properties and numerical simulation technology, details the common test methods, the latest technology and progress, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide direction and reference for the performance test method and index evaluation of FMLs. Finally, the main development directions of the current performance testing methods and index evaluation of FMLs are briefly discussed.

Multi-project management of key chain of carbon fibre and composite materials based on chaos particle swarm optimisation

Multi-project management of key chain of carbon fibre and composite materials based on chaos particle swarm optimisation

Multi-project management of key chain of carbon fibre and composite materials based on chaos particle swarm optimisation

Multi-project management of key chain of carbon fibre and composite materials based on chaos particle swarm optimisation

MODELLING AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSEL

Pressure vessel chambers have wide capacities in warm and thermal energy stations, cycle and substance enterprises, in house and sea profundities, and liquid stockpile strategies in ventures. Spot on plan follow is admissible strain for weld power communicated as weld proficiency. Proficiency is illustrated as the proportion of longitudinal (pivotal) power of a welded joint to the longitudinal power of line or tank shell. In this proposal, the strain vessel is planned by the weld productivity and dissected for its solidarity using limited component examination application ANSYS. Numerical relationships will most likely be respected for the plan of tension vessel whose plan boundaries are designated through an association as per the ideal weld productivity. Displaying will be refined in CATIA. Investigation will be done in ANSYS on the strain vessel with various composite materials. In this task, static investigation is to decide the pressure, misshapening and strain. Exhaustioninvestigation is to decide the life, harm and wellbeingvariable of the tension vessel utilizing EN 32 Steel, Carbon fiber and Eglass fiber materials.Heat examination is to decide the temperature dissemination and hotness move rate per unit space of the tension vessel utilizing EN 32 Steel, Carbon fiber and E-glass fiber materials. Straight layer investigation is to decide the pressure, misshapening and resist various layers stacking like 3, 6, 9 and 12 layers.

Effects of non-planar slicing techniques and carbon fibre material additives on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed drone propellers

Propeller parameters and geometry can dramatically influence the performance of a drone and its ability to complete a mission. Though many off-the-shelf propeller choices exist, operators in the field may not be able to stock suitable options for any possible scenario and are often forced to fly with a suboptimal propeller. Modern desktop 3D printers are relatively portable, highly capable, and simple to operate, offering the chance to rapidly manufacture propellers tailored to specific missions. This research evaluates how two recent advances in fused filament fabrication 3D printing could affect the mechanical viability of printed propellers. Non-planar slicing is a model slicing technique that attempts to address roughness issues when printing the shallow three-dimensional curvature found on many propeller blades. For further improvement, polymer filaments with short-chopped carbon fibre additives were compared against their fibre-free counterparts. Test coupons were subjected to tests simulating the thrust and impact loads a propeller might experience during flight. Under thrust loading, the material with carbon fibre additives showed a significant performance advantage. During impact tests, both nonplanar slicing (65% average improvement) and carbon fibre material additives (20% average improvement) demonstrated performance gains over their more traditional counterparts.