Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polyetheretherketone Research Articles

Biomechanical behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone as a dental implant material in implant-supported overdenture under mandibular trauma: A finite element analysis study.

Implant-supported overdentures are well-known and widely accepted treatment modality to increase retention which is a crucial factor for determining patient satisfaction. The placement of two implants in the anterior region can be selected as a first-line treatment in patients with the atrophic mandibular ridge. The purpose of this research was to assess the biomechanical effects of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) implant-supported overdenture in the event of 2,000 N forefront trauma to an atrophic edentulous mandible by using the finite element analysis method. Three types of mandible models were simulated; the first one was an edentulous atrophic mandible model; in the second model, 3.5 × 11.5 mm CFR-PEEK implants; and in the third model, 4.3 × 11.5 mm CFR-PEEK implants were positioned in the region of the lateral incisor of the identical edentulous atrophic mandible. Maximum Von Misses stresses 979.261 MPa, 1,454.69 MPa, and 1,940.71 MPa and maximum principal stresses 1,112.74 MPa, 1,249.88 MPa, and 1,251.33 MPa have been detected at the condylar neck area and minimum principal stresses - 1,203.38 MPa, -1,503.21 MPa, and - 1,990.34 MPa have been recorded at the symphysis and corpus regions from M1 to M3, respectively. In addition, the M2 and M3 models showed low-stress distributions around the implant-bone interface, particularly where the implants were in contact with cancellous bone. The results showed that the insertion of different diameters of CFR-PEEK implants led to low and homogenous stress distribution all around the implant-bone interface and stresses transferred directly to the condylar neck areas. Therefore, it was observed that CRF-PEEK implants did not change the basic behavior of the mandibula in response to frontal stresses.

Dosimetric Impact of Radiolucent Carbon Fiber Hardware for Post-Operative Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

The spine is the most common site of osseous metastases. In the non-operative setting, there is growing support for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) over conventional radiation therapy for improved pain relief and local control. Hybrid therapy consisting of separation surgery and post-operative SBRT is considered in patients with biomechanical instability and epidural cord compression. Surgery traditionally requires titanium (Ti) implants, which introduce artifacts on post-operative imaging in addition to increased uncertainty and beam attenuation. Use of radiolucent carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) hardware has been shown to provide safe and comparable surgical outcomes as compared to Ti. Our primary objective is to assess the dosimetric impact of Ti versus carbon fiber implants in spine SBRT. Single institution retrospective series of post-operative spine SBRT from 2019-2020. Re-irradiation cases were excluded. The electronic medical record and treatment planning systems (TPS) were queried. Dosimetric analyses compared original Ti plans with reoptimized plans, replacing Ti hardware electronic density with carbon fiber. Maintaining clinical goals, dose calculations were performed in a treatment planning system using a collapsed cone algorithm. All treatments used step and shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy to avoid beam angles with significant metal along the beam path. Metallic artifacts were contoured and assigned the appropriate tissue density. A D'Agostino-Pearson test was used to assess data for normality. We used paired Student's t-tests to compare three dosimetric outcomes in the setting of Ti and carbon fiber implants. Planning target volume (PTV) coverage was represented by the volume receiving at least the prescribed dose (%), the maximum point dose (dmax, cGy) to the spinal cord planning risk volume (PRV, 2 mm margin), and the overall hot spot intensity (plan dmax). A series of 14 consecutive SBRT cases were evaluated (dose 27-30 Gy in 3-5 fractions). All dosimetric outcomes were normally distributed (p>0.05). We found a statistically significant difference in PTV coverage between the original SBRT treatment plans with Ti hardware (mean 85.1 ± 7.9%) and reoptimized carbon fiber hardware (87.3 ± 6.6%; p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in mean spinal cord PRV dmax between Ti and carbon fiber plans (1846 ± 483 cGy vs. 1842 ± 495 cGy; p>0.05). We observed a nonsignificant increase in mean overall dmax from 3932 ± 416 cGy in the Ti cohort to 4111 ± 906 cGy in the carbon fiber cohort (p>0.05). Carbon fiber implants provide a significant increase in SBRT target coverage, without impacting the overall plan and spinal cord PRV dmax in this retrospective series. In addition to improved post-operative imaging and reduced uncertainty, carbon fiber hardware may offer dosimetric advantages as compared to traditional Ti spinal implants, and warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

Effect of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone on stress distribution in a redesigned tumor-type knee prosthesis: a finite element analysis.

Background: Surgery for bone tumors around the knee often involves extensive resection, making the subsequent prosthetic reconstruction challenging. While carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) has been widely used in orthopedic implants, its application in tumor-type prosthesis is limited. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using 30wt% and 60wt% carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF30-PEEK and CF60-PEEK) as materials for a redesigned tumor-type knee prosthesis through numerical analysis. Methods: A knee joint model based on CT data was created, and the resection and prosthetic reconstruction were simulated. Three finite element models of the prostheses, representing the initial and updated designs with CoCrMo and CFR-PEEK components, were constructed. Loading conditions during standing and squatting were simulated with forces of 700N and 2800N, respectively. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the von Mises stress and stability of all components for each prosthesis type. Results: After improvements in both material and design, the new Type 3 prosthesis showed significantly lower overall stress with stress being evenly distributed. Compared with the initial design, the maximum von Mises stress in Type 3 was reduced by 53.9% during standing and 74.2% during squatting. In the standing position, the maximum stress in the CF30-PEEK femoral component decreased by 57.3% compared with the initial design which was composed of CoCrMo, while the stress in the CF60-PEEK cardan shaft remained consistent. In the squatting position, the maximum stress in the femoral component decreased by 81.9%, and the stress in the cardan shaft decreased by 46.5%. Conclusion: The incorporation of CF30-PEEK effectively transmits forces and reduces stress concentration on the femoral component, while CF60-PEEK in the redesigned cardan shaft significantly reduces stress while maintaining stiffness. The redesigned prosthesis effectively conducts loading force and demonstrates favorable biomechanical characteristics, indicating the promising potential of utilizing CF30-PEEK and CF60-PEEK materials for tumor-type knee prostheses. The findings of this study could provide novel insights for the design and development of tumor-type knee prostheses.

Comparative study on machining performance of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite

Comparative study on machining performance of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composite

In-house processing of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) 3D printable filaments and fused filament fabrication-3D printing of CFR-PEEK parts

In-house processing of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) 3D printable filaments and fused filament fabrication-3D printing of CFR-PEEK parts

Investigating the material removal mechanism and cutting performance in ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic

Carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) due to its improved reparability and recyclability. CFRTP, particularly carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK), is a high-performance material known for its excellent mechanical, thermal, and corrosion resistance properties, making it well-suited for extreme environments in civil aviation equipment. However, machining processes such as milling often result in defects due to the material’s high toughness and anisotropic nature. This study aims to investigate the material removal mechanism in ultrasonic-assisted milling (UAM) of CF/PEEK and compare the effects of fibre cutting angle (θ) and milling processes on milling performance. To simulate the fibre fracture mechanisms under different θ, finite element analysis (FEA) is employed. The results reveal different fracture modes, including bending, bending-shear, compression, and compression-shear, at various θ. Additionally, UAM demonstrates lower cutting forces and temperatures compared to conventional milling (CM). Notably, UAM greatly improves surface quality by reducing burr height and facilitating chip evacuation, while also enhancing surface integrity by minimizing cavity defects and fibre pull-out phenomena. These findings contribute to the development of low-damage machining methods that aim to achieve higher accuracy in CFRTP.

Mechanical, microstructural and numerical investigations of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced PEEK

In the frame of technology development, fused deposition modeling is adapted in this study to elaborate composite material from 20% short carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) filament. This printing technology has attached widespread intention as it provides a rapid prototyping parts with high performances in diverse fields. For this purpose, a set of experimental tensile and bending tests are carried out to focus on the effect of printing orientation on the mechanical properties of the designed samples. Three raster angles are considered in this investigation: 0°, ±45°, and 90°. The obtained results indicate that the printing orientation of 0°, which is parallel to the tensile loading path and perpendicular to the flexural one exhibits higher mechanical strength compared to the other orientations. Evolution of Young modulus, total elongation at failure, yield and ultimate strengths as well as deflection are also discussed. Experimental work is supported by numerical simulation and a good agreement is revealed. Microstructural analysis is performed in order to argue the observed mechanical behavior. Through the fractured section morphology, the effect of tensile loading on CF/PEEK microstructure, at various printing orientation is emphasized.

Comparative Study of the Tribological Properties of CFRPEEK, Stainless and Carbon Steel in High Water-Based Fluid

The advantageous physical and chemical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) make it a suitable friction pair for water hydraulic components. To explore the selection of friction pair materials, this paper investigated the tribological properties of CFRPEEK, stainless and carbon steel in water and high water-based fluids, and evaluated them using reciprocating friction and wear tester. After the test, the wear surface morphology of the contact surface was observed under an electron microscope. The results show that the degree of friction between specimens is dependent on the load and frequency. Meanwhile, both 316L and CFRPEEK have good tribological properties in both mediums. Microscope observation analysis showed that CFRPEEK surfaces easily absorb water to create a water film, thus improving its performance and reducing wear. Additionally, the friction between stainless and carbon steel in high water-base fluid will generate a lubricating film, the surface of which shows excellent tribological properties. The final conclusion was that the choice of material for plunger pair material depends on the medium, with 304-316L being more suitable for high water-based fluids, while CFRPEEK-316L is more suitable for water.

Numerical Study of Low-Velocity Impact Response of a Fiber Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Structure.

Engineering applications for honeycomb sandwich structures (HSS) are well recognized. Heterogeneous structures have been created using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material, glass fiber-reinforced PEEK (GF-PEEK), and carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CF-PEEK) to further enhance the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and impact resistance of HSS. In this study, we investigated the low-velocity impact response of HSS using numerical simulation. Our findings demonstrate that the choice of construction material significantly affects the impact resistance and structural stability of the HSS. We found that using fiber-reinforced PEEK significantly enhances the impact resistance of the overall structure, with GF-PEEK identified as the more appropriate face sheet material for the composite HSS based on a comparative study of load-displacement curves. Analysis of the plastic deformation of the honeycomb core, in combination with the stress and strain distribution of the composite HSS after low-velocity impact, indicates that CF-PEEK face sheets cause more noticeable damage to the core, resulting in evident plastic deformation. Additionally, we discovered that the use of fiber-reinforced materials effectively reduces deflection during low-velocity dynamic impact, particularly when both the face sheet and honeycomb core of the HSS are composed of the same fiber-reinforced PEEK material. These results provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of composite HSS for impact resistance applications.

Experimental investigation of impact resistance and compression behavior of CF/PEEK laminates after hot‐press fusion repair with different stacking sequences

AbstractUnidirectional fiber‐reinforced composite laminates have limited resistance to out‐of‐plane impact and are prone to structural integrity damage during service due to low‐velocity impact (LVI). In this study, the hot‐press fusion method was employed to repair the impact‐damaged unidirectional carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (CF/PEEK) thermoplastic composites. No delamination or matrix cracking induced by impact was observed in the repaired specimens, as confirmed by ultrasonic scanning and digital microscope. In addition, the hot pressing treatment enables the fibers to be covered again by the resin matrix, which eliminates fiber pull‐out and fiber/matrix debonding. Afterward, typical responses of CF/PEEK composite laminates to re‐impact and post‐repair compression are presented in a comprehensive and detailed manner, and compared with the initial impact response and compression after impact (CAI) behavior. The effects of three impact energies and two stacking sequences are considered. The results indicate that quasi‐isotropic laminates are more susceptible to localized fracture damage upon re‐impact as the impact energy increases, due to initial fiber breakage, compared to orthotropic laminates. The hot‐press treatment enhances the compression residual strength of the specimen by 20%–30% compared to its state before repair. These studies offer technical insights into the application of the hot‐press fusion method to enhance the mechanical properties of composite laminates post impact damage.

The effect of matrix and interface properties modified by annealing on solid particle erosion behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone

AbstractIn this study, various heat treatments (annealings) were applied to carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) samples at four different temperatures (185, 225, 265, and 305°C) along two different holding times (30 and 270 min). The effects of changing matrix morphology, degree of crystallinity, and fiber‐matrix interface properties on thermo‐mechanical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis analyzes. Also, annealed CF/PEEK samples were tested to determine solid particle erosion characteristics. It was observed that the matrix crystallinity, fiber/matrix interface properties, and tribological properties of the CF/PEEK composites changed significantly with the thermal history. There was an increase in the degree of crystallinity with the increase in annealing temperature. It was observed that the degree of crystallinity increased up to about 27% and the damping factor decreased up to about 45%. As a result of the solid particle erosion tests performed under normal impact conditions, it was determined that the formation of the transcrystalline layer formed by heat treatment adversely affected the solid particle erosion resistance of the CF/PEEK. Erosion resistance of the heat‐treated samples (having higher fiber/matrix interface) was approximately 50% lower compared to the quenched sample. While the erosion rate for quenched samples is 14.5 × 10−5 g/g, this rate rises to 26.1 × 10−5 g/g for annealed samples. In addition, surface topography was examined by means of an optical profilometry, and surface morphology was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. These examinations confirmed the experimental results.

Comparative Stress Analysis of Custom-Made PEEK Dental Post-Cores versus Conventional Post-Cores in Incisor Restorations: A Finite Element Study.

BACKGROUND We conducted a finite element analysis to evaluate stress levels in incisor teeth restored with custom polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dental post-cores compared to conventional post-cores. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging data, a 3D model of a maxillary incisor was created. For each material type, 3D mesh models were developed via specialized software. Two post diameters, 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm, were considered. Five different post materials were examined: Unfilled polyetheretherketone (Group UP); Glass fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (Group GP); Carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (Group CP); Metal (Group M); and Zirconia ceramic (Group Z). Each model underwent finite element analysis, after which the von Mises equivalent stress values were determined. RESULTS For models involving both wide and narrow diameter posts across the crown, crown cement, post cement, and dentin, PEEK posts (Group UP, GP, and CP) exhibited higher von Mises stress values than Groups Z and M. However, the reverse trend was noticed in the post model itself. In the post cement model, stress values appeared similar only for the narrow-diameter post groups. Notably, results for Groups Z and M were largely consistent with each other. CONCLUSIONS PEEK posts, which have a lower modulus of elasticity, demonstrated different stress values when contrasted with zirconia and metal posts. As the post diameter expanded, the residual dentin decreased, influencing the stress values among various materials. Further in vitro and clinical examinations are essential to comprehensively understand PEEK posts.

Effect of sulfonation time on physicochemical, osteogenic, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone

The carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) has been increasingly used in orthopedics dentistry due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the biological inertness and poor antibacterial activity limit its clinical applications. This paper focused on the performances of CFR-PEEK with porous morphology that were exposed to different sulfonation periods (1, 3, 5, and 10 min, corresponding to CP-S1, CP-S3, CP-S5, and CP-S10, respectively). Residual sulfuric acid was removed by acetone rinsing, NaOH immersion, and hydrothermal treatment before in vitro and in vivo studies. The results showed some significant difference in the physicochemical properties, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) map of sulfur atoms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of valences of sulfur ions, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrophilicity, hardness, and elastic modulus among CP-S3, CP-S5, and CP-S10. However, CP-S5 and CP-S10 were more effective in promoting the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of seeded bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and growth inhibition of S. aureus and P. gingivalis compared with other groups. Furthermore, the CP-S5 and CP-S10 samples achieved better cranial bone repair than the non-sulfonation group in a rat model. Therefore, it can be inferred that both 5 and 10 min are viable sulfonation durations for 30% CFR-PEEK. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing CFR-PEEK for clinical applications.

Mechanism and behavior of laser irradiation on carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) during the laser-assisted in-situ consolidation additive manufacturing process

Mechanism and behavior of laser irradiation on carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) during the laser-assisted in-situ consolidation additive manufacturing process

A comparative study on milling-induced damages and residual tensile strength during milling of thermoplastic and thermoset carbon fibre reinforced polymers

Thermoplastic carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) and thermoset CF/epoxy composites have been widely applied in various industries. However, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the milling performance and residual mechanical behavior of these two types of composites. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the machinability during milling of both composites, with a focus on cutting force, machining temperature, chip characteristics, and milling-induced damages. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the correlation between surface integrity under different cutting conditions and residual tensile behaviour in both composites. The results demonstrate that CF/PEEK exhibits better machining quality than CF/epoxy due to its ductile matrix and strong interface bonding with fibres. Furthermore, down-milling was found to be preferable to up-milling for minimizing top layer surface damage, while petal-shaped chips with good integrity were found to be generated by CF/PEEK during milling. Moreover, CF/PEEK exhibited a significantly higher residual tensile strength (12.05%–63.22%) compared to CF/epoxy.

Construction of Multifunctional Zinc Ion Sustained-Release Biocoating on the Surface of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone with Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Activity, Angiogenesis, and Osteogenesis.

Current treatments of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) as orthopedic implants remain unsatisfactory due to the bioinert surface. The multifunctionalization of CFRPEEK, which endows it with regulating the immune inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis, and accelerating osseointegration, is critical to the intricate bone healing process. Herein, a multifunctional zinc ion sustained-release biocoating, consisting of a carboxylated graphene oxide, zinc ion, and chitosan layer, covalently grafts on the surface of amino CFRPEEK (CP/GC@Zn/CS) to coordinate with the osseointegration process. The release behavior of zinc ions theoretically conforms to the different demands in the three stages of osseointegration, including the burst release of zinc ions in the early stage (7.27 μM, immunomodulation), continuous release in the middle stage (11.02 μM, angiogenesis), and slow release in the late stage (13.82 μM, osseointegration). In vitro assessments indicate that the multifunctional zinc ion sustained-release biocoating can remarkably regulate the immune inflammatory response, decrease the oxidative stress level, and promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. The rabbit tibial bone defect model further confirms that, compared to the unmodified group, the bone trabecular thickness of the CP/GC@Zn/CS group increases 1.32-fold, and the maximum push-out force improves 2.05-fold. In this study, a multifunctional zinc ion sustained-release biocoating constructed on the surface of CFRPEEK that conforms to the requirements of different osseointegration stages can be an attractive strategy for the clinical application of inert implants.

Multifunctionalized carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone implant for rapid osseointegration under infected environment.

Carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRPEEK) possesses a similar elastic modulus to that of human cortical bone and is considered as a promising candidate to replace metallic implants. However, the bioinertness and deficiency of antibacterial activities impede its application in orthopedic and dentistry. In this work, titanium plasma immersion ion implantation (Ti-PIII) is applied to modify CFRPEEK, achieving unique multi-hierarchical nanostructures and active sites on the surface. Then, hybrid polydopamine (PDA)@ZnO-EDN1 nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced to construct versatile surfaces with improved osteogenic and angiogenic properties and excellent antibacterial properties. Our study established that the modified CFRPEEK presented favorable stability and cytocompatibility. Compared with bare CFRPEEK, improved osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are found on the functionalized surface due to the zinc ions and EDN1 releasing. In vitro bacteriostasis assay confirms that hybrid PDA@ZnO NPs on the functionalized surface provided an effective antibacterial effect. Moreover, the rat infected model corroborates the enhanced antibiosis and osteointegration of the functionalized CFRPEEK. Our findings indicate that the multilevel nanostructured PDA@ZnO-EDN1 coated CFRPEEK with enhanced antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.

Effect of process parameters on interlaminar properties of thermoplastic composite: Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification

Interlaminar properties are one of the most important indicators of thermoplastic composite quality. In this paper, the unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) thermoplastic composite was taking as the research object, an all-atom model constructing method of the interlaminar interface was proposed, the influence mechanism of process parameters including forming pressure and temperature on interlaminar properties were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experimental verification. The simulation results showed that a reasonable forming pressure could promote the non-bonded interaction between polymer molecules, and an appropriate raising of forming temperature could promote the thermal motion of polymer molecules, which was conducive to the interlaminar diffusion and penetration of polymer, thereby improving the interlaminar bonding strength, the interlaminar properties were more sensitive to the changes of forming temperature than pressure. The experimental results were in good agreement with the MD simulation result in terms of the significance and the trend of process parameters influence on the interlaminar properties. Illustrating that it is effective to explore the forming mechanism of thermoplastic composite and guide the forming process by MD simulation.

Multiscale characterization of the fracture mechanics of additively manufactured short fiber-reinforced composites

We present a multiscale characterization approach to experimentally investigate the influence of architectural features, namely pores, weakly bonded filaments’ interfaces, and layer stacking, on the failure of composites manufactured by fused filament fabrication. Combining standard approaches, such as tensile and flexural tests, with contactless techniques, we identified the local phenomena driving the damage of 3D-printed short carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone specimens. The elastic and fracture tests highlighted the process-induced anisotropy and the incomplete interface adhesion resulting in the transverse tensile modulus drop to around 20% of the longitudinal value. Equivalent fracture toughness was measured for a crack propagation along filaments’ and layers’ interfaces, while the stress intensity factors doubled for a crack propagation involving the filaments’ breakage, when compared to the interface failure. The displacement and strain contours obtained by digital image correlation emphasize the influence of the stacking (i.e., 0°–90°, ±45°) on the preferential crack propagation at the layers’ and filaments’ interfaces. The specimen inspection by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray tomography further highlighted the influence of the printed composites’ meso and microscale architecture on the fracture mechanisms, such as the simultaneous damage of parallel ±45° oriented layers’ interfaces or the zig-zag crack propagation for specimens with ±45° stacking undergoing intralayer delamination. The elastic and fracture properties, together with the full-field measurements, provide the tools to guide the design of complex and reliable components for high-performance applications (e.g., aerospace, automotive) and benchmark for damage prediction models.

Grinding performance study of CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK composites

AbstractIn order to distinguish the grinding performance of the thermoset and thermoplastic carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin (CF/epoxy) and carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (CF/PEEK) composites were employed in this study. Different process parameters were set to grind the two materials. Then the surface morphologies and roughness of the workpieces with different process parameters were observed and measured. Experimental results indicated that the grinding forces were positively correlated with the grinding depth and feed speed, and negatively correlated with the wheel speed. The grinding depth was the main influencing factor of the maximum temperature of the grinding. The heat distribution of the grinding process was dependent on the fiber direction. In addition, the chip formation mechanism of CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK were investigated. Compared with CF/epoxy, the grinding forces and temperature were higher and the wheel was more prone to be clogged under the same grinding parameters, indicating that it was more difficult to process CF/PEEK. However, the surface quality of CF/PEEK with high ductility was much better than CF/epoxy.