Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have high specific strength and specific stiffness and are used in various fields such as aircraft, space structures, automobiles, and other transportation equipment. Since the internal structure of CFRP is very complex, it is very difficult to define failure criteria when external loads are applied. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate the interfacial shear strength between carbon fiber and resin matrix, such as microbond test, rupture test, and pull-out test, but currently no effective method has been proposed to evaluate the tensile strength of the CF/resin interface. In this study, we applied the pulsed laser spallation method, which has been confirmed to be effective for evaluating the adhesion strength of thin films and coating films on substrates, to the evaluation of CFRP. A finite element method based on the Laplace transform was used for the numerical analysis of the unsteady elastodynamic problem. The macroscopic stresses generated by ultrasonic waves excited by pulsed laser irradiation were calculated by inverse analysis using a transfer function with the displacement history of the back surface of the CFRP specimen as supplementary information. Microscopic stresses at the fiber/resin interface were evaluated by the homogenization method, taking into account the effects of fiber arrangement, distance between fibers, and molding residual stress in unidirectionally reinforced CFRP laminates. As a result, this series of investigations revealed that the vertical interfacial stress is dominant with respect to the strength of the fiber/resin interface with the strength of about 54MPa.