Carbon Emissions In Countries Research Articles

How does energy transition improve energy utilization efficiency? A case study of China's coal‐to‐gas program

AbstractImproving energy efficiency by adjusting the structure of energy consumption types is of great significance for reducing carbon emissions in the short term. The present paper constructs new data envelopment analysis models for evaluating energy utilization under different structural conditions and calculating potential emissions reductions. We conducted empirical research on 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2019—a time frame that coincides with the instituting of China's “coal‐to‐gas” program. Our results show that technological progress is the main way for China to reduce carbon emissions and that it is possible to reduce the total amount of carbon emissions by 35%. Additionally, optimizing the energy consumption structure following the coal‐to‐gas program guidelines could reduce the country's carbon emissions by a further 25%. Finally, this paper provides specific policy recommendations based on the efficiency analysis results to guide each province in reducing carbon emissions under the conditions of energy demand growth.

Assessment of the heterogeneous impacts of global value chain participation on Sustainable economic growth and environmental quality

The Global Value Chain (GVC) is an essential aspect of sustainable economic growth and environmental quality in countries that participate in it. Therefore, comprehending the relationship between GVC and economic growth and carbon emissions is critical to achieving global climate neutrality targets. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the impacts of disaggregated levels of GVC on economic growth and carbon emissions in countries with different income levels. In this study, we utilized the SYS-GMM model to explore the relationships between backward and forward GVCs and the economic growth and carbon emissions of 42 lower-middle, 36 middle-upper, and 48 high-income countries using data from 1995 to 2018. Our key findings suggest that forward GVC significantly increases economic growth and reduces CO2 emissions. Conversely, backward GVC reduces the economic growth and CO2 emissions of high-income countries. We also found that upper-middle-income economies can enhance their economic growth and reduce CO2 emissions by increasing their backward GVC. In contrast, lower-middle-income economies can increase their economic growth by participating in both forward and backward GVCs. However, higher levels of participation in both GVC components result in increased CO2 emissions. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering income levels when analysing the impact of GVC participation on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Overall, the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions with backward and forward GVCs varies significantly across country categories.

The Impact of Energy Poverty Alleviation on Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

The Impact of Energy Poverty Alleviation on Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

A study of the relevance of seismic steel structures to urban carbon neutrality

Global warming has triggered dramatic climate change and natural disasters. Since the 21st century, the frequency of all kinds of extreme weather has increased significantly. This study, in accordance with the carbon peak targets and stage requirements, improve the building low carbon building standards system, accelerate the formulation, revision and collation of energy-saving design standards for public buildings energy-saving and carbon reduction standards. The application of earthquake-resistant steel structure of the building, the promotion of green low carbon building materials and green construction methods. Actively promote such buildings, the past sixty years each country's carbon emissions intensity have shown a general downward trend, especially South Korea, South Africa and Brazil and other countries due to economic development began to focus attention on environmental issues. In this study, we take Busan, Korea as an example, and use carbon neutral calculations to realize carbon neutrality by designing superstructures with a reduced degree of intensity, so that the reduction of carbon emissions mainly includes emission reductions brought about by a reduction in the amount of steel and cement used. It is hoped that this study will be taken into account, and that the early realization of peak carbon emissions in South Korea will be the current situation to be realized, and will be a challenge not only for developing countries, but also an important issue to be considered by all countries.

Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on CO2 Emissions at Various Levels of Economic Development

Foreign direct investment (FDI) may have a negative impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through imported technologies that cause air pollution. However, previous studies presented inconclusive results on the impact of FDI on CO2 emissions. This indicates the possibility of other factors or different economic conditions that can explain the observed contradicting impacts of FDI on CO2 emissions. This study examines the impact of FDI on CO2 emissions at various levels of economic development. In a sample of 123 countries, results from the bias-corrected least-squares dummy variable (LSDVC) technique show that FDI asymmetrically affects CO2 emissions. The presence of FDI lowers CO2 emissions in countries with higher incomes and raises carbon emissions in countries with lower incomes. This finding also suggests that FDI inflows introduce greener technologies in high and middle-income countries. Meanwhile, dirty FDI flows into low-income countries and adversely affects the environment.

The role of environmental taxes on carbon emissions in countries aiming for net-zero carbon emissions: Does renewable energy consumption matter?

The role of environmental taxes on carbon emissions in countries aiming for net-zero carbon emissions: Does renewable energy consumption matter?

Decoupling tourism growth from carbon emissions: Evidence from Chengdu, China.

The fast growth increases in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in China's tourism industry. This article assessed the carbon emissions of tourist Chengdu's traffic patterns and how they are expected to change between 2005 and 2021 and explains why tourism carbon decoupling is important for sustainable tourism development. In order to investigate how carbon emissions from tourism may expand without necessarily increasing in tandem with GDP and the variables that influence it, the Tapir model and the LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) method were used. In our study, we looked at six important variables, including (1) the number of visitors, (2) the level of tourism spending per capita, (3) the contribution rate of the tourism sector with according to the country's total national income, (4) the amount of passenger traffic relative to GDP, and (5) the energy consumption relative to the volume of passenger traffic. There have been five stages in the correlation: positively charged decoupling, weak decoupling, negative decoupling, strong coupling, and strong decoupling. All of these describe the relationship between the expansion of China's tourist industry and the country's carbon emissions. Findings highlighted the importance of large numbers of visitors, high levels of per-person tourism spending, and low passenger traffic volume per unit of energy consumption as key positive factors. The rise of carbon emissions may also be slowed by increasing the number of passengers transported per unit of GDP. Carbon emissions from tourists in Chengdu are fluctuating, and this influences the city's economy. The findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for Chengdu's transition to a low-carbon economy and for the formulation of policies to reduce emissions. During the research period, most Chinese provinces exhibited ideal decoupling situations. This research has the potential to be used as a scientific resource for guiding the long-term growth as a result of China's tourist sector.

Environmental decentralization and carbon emissions: evidence from China.

A robust environmental management system holds great significance for the Chinese government in effectively managing the country's carbon emissions. This study delves into the spatial impact of environmental decentralization on the carbon emissions of 30 Chinese provinces spanning from 2000 to 2019. First, we found that the increase in environmental decentralization promotes carbon emissions, and this effect is primarily driven by the delegation of environmental monitoring authority and environmental supervision authority. Second, we analyzed the heterogeneity of the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization across different regions and observed that the impact of environmental decentralization is more significant in the western region compared to the central and eastern regions. Furthermore, this study investigates how the industrial structure, government competition, and environmental regulation exert an influence on the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization. This article presents empirical evidence from the perspective of environmental management systems that underscores the rapid escalation of carbon emissions. Additionally, it contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the economic ramifications linked to the process of environmental decentralization. At the same time, the conclusions of this article have significant practical implications for the rational design of levels of environmental decentralization, thereby accelerating the achievement of carbon neutrality.

Analyzing the impacts of renewable energy, patents, and trade on carbon emissions-evidence from the novel method of MMQR.

Achieving sustainable development necessitates proactive measures to mitigate the economy's negative impact on environmental standards. A new empirical association between renewable energy patent innovation and net international trade on carbon emissions in ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2021 is presented, along with its significance. Using present panel data techniques, this study investigates the connections between these factors. Second-generation cointegration and unit root tests, as well as a novel method of Moments Quantile Regression, are used in the econometric procedure. Compared to standard quantile regression, this method is more resistant to outliers and provides an asymmetric relationship between the variables. The findings show that trade increases carbon emissions in countries with medium to high emissions, that patent innovation contributes to increasing emissions, and that renewable energy mitigates carbon emissions in countries with low to medium emerging economies. Our results are consistent with other specifications, including quantile regression canay (Canay 2011), fully modified, dynamic, and fixed effect regressions, proving the EKC hypothesis. These countries need to prioritize greener products and adopt advanced manufacturing technologies to reduce carbon emissions from consumption. However, as prosperity increases, it also leads to higher consumption-based carbon emissions, worsening ecological damage in the region. Implementing policies like trade synchronization and increasing investment in patent innovations are proposed in this study to lower the current level of carbon emissions.

Achieving Sustainability in Nigerian Households: Investigating Factors Impacting Energy Efficiency Practices

The looming global energy crisis of the 21st century is predicted to worsen as building energy consumption is expected to rise by 50% by 2060. Investing in energy-efficient technologies and reducing carbon emissions is essential to combat this crisis. To this end, this paper delves into the complex issue of energy-efficient building practices in Nigerian households and how they can help curb carbon emissions. Using a statistical method known as the Relative Impor- tance Index (RII), we analyzed nine key factors that influence a building’s energy efficiency. The research revealed that government oversight, support, and financial and technical assis- tance are crucial for achieving household energy efficiency. It also highlights the significance of addressing the energy crisis in Nigeria through the development, implementation, and ad- aptation of energy-efficient building practices.

Research on Cost Management and Strategy Optimization of China's Energy Vehicle Industry under the Background of Double-Carbon Strategy

Based on China's current massive carbon emissions and guided by its sustainable development strategy, China implemented a "double carbon" strategy in September 2020 with the intention of reducing the country's carbon emissions in the future. In the automotive industry, new energy vehicles, which do not emit greenhouse gases while driving, have been emphasized, and many automotive companies have joined the ranks of research and development of new energy vehicles, and their market penetration rate is increasing year by year. Through literature analysis and survey methods, it is found that domestic automobile enterprises mainly face three problems: high manufacturing cost, difficulty in controlling the cost of power batteries, large investment in R&D, fierce competition in core technology, and price war to squeeze the market share of domestic enterprises. After analysis, this paper believes that automotive enterprises and the government can solve the problem by increasing the development of mineral resources to ensure the supply of minerals, sharing the R&D costs and improving the efficiency of R&D, and helping each other to protect the domestic market share of domestic enterprises. Thus, we can promote the realization of the Double-Carbon goal.

Analysis of environmental sustainability and economic development from electricity consumption based on the modified spatial Durbin model

The study investigates the impacts of financial development, electricity use, and technology innovation on CO2 emissions. International trade also plays an essential role in the economic development of Pakistan. Studying the relationship between ecological parameters, technological innovation, electricity use, and CO2 emissions is necessary to formulate the country's reasonable and practical energy policies. Based on the study's use of data from 292 Pakistani firms from 2006 to 2021, the paper investigates the mechanism of the role between financial development, electricity use, technological innovation, international trade, and CO2 emissions using the spatial Durbin model. The results reveal that the effect of economic growth, electricity use, and technological innovation on CO2 emissions has a spatial spillover effect. The results verify that international trade and the transport sector promote the country's carbon emissions. The typical speculation spike on technology innovation enhanced and financial development should concentrate more on protective ecological parameters. The research provides theoretical guidance for solving the contradictory problem of renewable energy use growth and CO2 emission limitation while promoting green and low-carbon development in the country.

Study on the Spatial Structure and Drivers of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency in Belt and Road Initiative Countries

Agricultural carbon emissions are one of the major causes of global climate change. As some of the world’s largest agricultural producers and consumers, countries along the route of the Belt and Road initiative produce significant agricultural carbon emissions. An in-depth study on the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in countries along the route can help countries reduce environmental load while improving agricultural production, optimizing resource use, improving agricultural production efficiency, and achieving sustainable development goals, which is significant for global climate change mitigation. Based on the relational data and network perspective, this paper takes the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of 34 countries along the route of the Belt and Road Initiative from 1995 to 2020 as the research object. It integrates the social network analysis method and other methods to realize the expansion of agricultural carbon emission efficiency in the research method. The study shows that (1) agricultural carbon emission efficiency has more room for improvement and presents complex spatially linked network characteristics; (2) the spatial correlation network of agricultural carbon emission efficiency is relatively well connected, and there is a general spatial correlation and spatial spillover effect among countries; and (3) similar differences in the proportion of primary industries and differences in informatization levels help establish spatial correlations between regions and produce spatial spillover effects. It is imperative to change global economic growth, social development, and lifestyles through green development. This study is conducive to the international community’s formulation of differentiated agricultural carbon emission reduction support mechanisms for different countries to help the countries realize the transformation of agriculture and even overall economic development as soon as possible. At the same time, accelerating the pace of emission reduction and reducing the negative impact of agricultural carbon emissions are conducive to better responding to the challenges posed by global climate change.

Carbon emissions and trade interdependence between China and the US

China and the US were the world's top exporters and carbon emitters and the most crucial trading partners for each other at the same time. Trade interdependence between the two countries affect each country's carbon emissions, and linked to the world's total emissions. In order to research the effect of trade interdependence on carbon emissions of China and the US, we built a dynamic econometric model to distinguish long-term and short-term effects with datasets from 1992 to 2018 by means of the autoregressive- distributed- lag method. The results revealed that a 1% increase in trade interdependence was linked to a 0.038% decrease in China's carbon emissions and a 1.939% decrease in US emissions over the long-term. Moreover, trade interdependence produced a positive effect on China and US emissions in the short-term. In the short-term, trade interdependence decreased China's carbon emissions but increased US carbon emissions. By simulating a 1% of the counterfactual positive shock of trade interdependence, back- of- the- envelope estimations suggested a 0.220% reduction of carbon emissions for China and a 0.034% reduction for the US. At last, trade interdependence between China and the US, which reduced carbon emissions for each country in the long-term, so that policies on trade protectionism might not be necessary.

Interconnection between the Dynamic of Growing Renewable Energy Production and the Level of CO2 Emissions: A Multistage Approach for Modeling

The global reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical priorities for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the Paris Agreement 2015. Therefore, it stimulates and increases the ability of countries to implement green imperatives in policies to force the anthropogenic environment, reduce use of fossil fuels, and simultaneously develop alternative energy. Thus, it is crucial to understand the impact of renewable energy development on the dynamic of CO2 pollution. Countries can increase or decrease the development of renewable energy depending on the effectiveness of its impact on the level of CO2 pollution. This paper aims to analyze the influence of the growth dynamics of renewable energy production in countries on CO2 emissions. The article uses Ward’s method to test the research hypothesis. Empirical results allowed us to conclude the interdependence of renewable energy production and CO2 emissions. The results indicate a strong relationship between the level of renewable energy production and carbon emissions in countries. For the global development of renewable energy technologies, governments must understand their impact on changing the scale of environmental pollution and expand the awareness of state leadership, the business sector, and society.

How does renewable energy consumption and trade openness affect economic growth and carbon emissions? International evidence of 122 countries

This paper aims to systematically explore the impact of renewable energy consumption, trade openness, industrialization, and urbanization on economic growth and carbon emissions while considering the different development levels of 122 countries over the period 1998–2018. Pesaran CD test, CIPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimation, Dumitreschu–Hurlin causality test and DOLS robustness test are adopted. The results show that trade openness has different effects on economic growth and carbon emissions across different income groups. Specifically, the impact of trade openness on economic growth in high- and low-income countries is positive, while trade openness has a negative impact on economic growth in middle-income countries. Meanwhile, the impact of trade openness on carbon emissions supports the pollution haven hypothesis. Urbanization promotes economic growth in all income countries, and increases carbon emissions in countries of all income groups except high-income countries. Renewable energy consumption promotes economic growth and curbs carbon emissions, while industrialization increases economic growth and carbon emissions. Further findings show a one-way causality from trade openness to renewable energy consumption. Finally, some targeted recommendations are provided for countries with different development stages.

Impact of Environmental Regulation on Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road-An Empirical Study Based on PSTR Model.

Since China has put forward the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, research on the BRI-related countries along the Belt and Road has sprung up. With the advent of the era of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, environmental regulation, as one of the important methods to control carbon emissions, is becoming increasingly prominent. Research on the impact pathway of environmental regulation of countries along the Belt and Road on carbon emissions has important implications for environmental protection and carbon emission reduction. Based on the panel data of 38 countries along the Belt and Road from 2005 to 2018, this research applied linear Tobit model and nonlinear dynamic panel regression model (PSTR) to evaluate the direct impacts on carbon emissions from environmental regulation of countries along the Belt and Road, and to analyze the different impacts of environmental regulation on carbon emissions in terms of technical innovation, industrial structure, and energy intensity. We found that (1) the direct impact of environmental regulation on carbon emissions in the countries along the Belt and Road is positive, with slight differences between the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (2) when technical innovation is at a low level, environmental regulation promotes carbon emissions, while at a high level, environmental regulation significantly inhibits carbon emissions. (3) When industrial structure is at both a low and high level, environmental regulation inhibits carbon emissions, with a stronger degree of inhibition at a higher level. (4) When energy intensity is at a low level, environmental regulation promotes carbon emissions, while at a high level, environmental regulation inhibits carbon emissions. Accordingly, we suggest that countries along the Belt and Road follow the road of sustainable and low-carbon development, which should further enhance their focus on environment protection, improve their environmental awareness, and take environmental regulation measures rationally to reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, relevant adjustments should be done on technical innovation, industrial structure, and energy intensity to achieve carbon emission reduction.

Production- and consumption-based carbon emission decoupling and decomposition of the Belt and Road countries

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides a platform for developing countries with huge growth potentials, which may also face huge carbon emission pressure while achieving rapid economic growth. Given certain similarities in economic patterns and resource endowments, this study aims to trace carbon emission decoupling and decomposition of different countries/regions within the Belt and Road area and provide new insights into the drivers of carbon emission decoupling from both production- and consumption-based perspectives. Based on the multi-regional input-output modelling and Tapio decoupling decomposition, this study quantitatively analyzes the decoupling evolution and decomposition drivers of economic activities and carbon emissions in countries along the Belt and Road. From the results, the production-based carbon emissions of the Belt and Road countries was significantly higher than the consumption-based carbon emissions. The increasing rate in the production-based carbon emissions was also faster than the consumption-based one, with an increasing huge gap between the two sides. Regarding the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, the regions with huge amounts of carbon emissions mainly distributed in Russia, Iran, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. When compared, the consumption-based carbon emissions of China and Russia were the highest, followed by those of the countries in Central Asia and West Asia. Compared with the production-based side, the decoupling rate of the Belt and Road countries was slower than the consumption-based one. The Belt and Road countries mainly maintained in the weak decoupling status, with the economic effect as the main driver in carbon emission growth, and the energy intensity effect as the dominated contributor in carbon emission reduction. Through exploring the decoupling and decomposition of production- and consumption-based carbon emissions within the Belt and Road countries, this study attempts to provide certain implications for the low-carbon transition and sustainable development within the countries along the Belt and Road.

Calculation and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road Based on the LMDI Method

In order to study the carbon emissions of countries along the Belt and Road and its influencing factors, this paper calculates the energy carbon emissions of six major regions from 2013 to 2020 from the national level based on the LMDI index decomposition method and divides the driving factors into population, economy, industrial structure, energy intensity and carbon emission intensity, analyzing the contribution rate of each factor and regional differences. The results show that the carbon emissions of countries along the Belt and Road have shown an overall upward trend at present. The main influencing factors are economy and industrial structure, as well as reducing energy consumption intensity has also contributed more to the suppression of carbon emissions. Population and carbon emission intensity vary slightly by region. Therefore, governments should guide reasonable population growth, formulate reasonable carbon emission reduction policies according to local conditions, optimize the energy structure and accelerate the establishment of carbon markets.

The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from heterogeneous ICT countries

Climate change remains one of the world’s significant threats today, and thus Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 prioritizes countries to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change by 2030. Recent studies have scrutinized the impact of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) on the environment. However, the majority of these studies assumed that the environmental impact of ICT is homogenous across countries. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of ICT on environmental degradation, considering the difference in ICT quality among countries. Applying a panel dataset of 110 countries between 2000 to 2018 and the instrumental variable generalized method of moments (IV-GMM) technique, the findings revealed that ICTs improve environmental sustainability in countries with high ICT quality while degrading the environment in countries with moderate and low ICT quality. The results of the causality analysis also showed bi-directional causality between ICT and carbon emissions in countries with high and moderate ICT quality, while there is a uni-directional causality running from carbon emissions to ICT in countries with low ICT quality. Policies that enhance ICT usage through low pricing were recommended for moderate and low ICT quality countries to help mitigate environmental degradation.