Carbon Emissions In Countries Research Articles

A study of the relevance of seismic steel structures to urban carbon neutrality

Global warming has triggered dramatic climate change and natural disasters. Since the 21st century, the frequency of all kinds of extreme weather has increased significantly. This study, in accordance with the carbon peak targets and stage requirements, improve the building low carbon building standards system, accelerate the formulation, revision and collation of energy-saving design standards for public buildings energy-saving and carbon reduction standards. The application of earthquake-resistant steel structure of the building, the promotion of green low carbon building materials and green construction methods. Actively promote such buildings, the past sixty years each country's carbon emissions intensity have shown a general downward trend, especially South Korea, South Africa and Brazil and other countries due to economic development began to focus attention on environmental issues. In this study, we take Busan, Korea as an example, and use carbon neutral calculations to realize carbon neutrality by designing superstructures with a reduced degree of intensity, so that the reduction of carbon emissions mainly includes emission reductions brought about by a reduction in the amount of steel and cement used. It is hoped that this study will be taken into account, and that the early realization of peak carbon emissions in South Korea will be the current situation to be realized, and will be a challenge not only for developing countries, but also an important issue to be considered by all countries.

The role of environmental taxes on carbon emissions in countries aiming for net-zero carbon emissions: Does renewable energy consumption matter?

The role of environmental taxes on carbon emissions in countries aiming for net-zero carbon emissions: Does renewable energy consumption matter?

Decoupling tourism growth from carbon emissions: Evidence from Chengdu, China.

The fast growth increases in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in China's tourism industry. This article assessed the carbon emissions of tourist Chengdu's traffic patterns and how they are expected to change between 2005 and 2021 and explains why tourism carbon decoupling is important for sustainable tourism development. In order to investigate how carbon emissions from tourism may expand without necessarily increasing in tandem with GDP and the variables that influence it, the Tapir model and the LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) method were used. In our study, we looked at six important variables, including (1) the number of visitors, (2) the level of tourism spending per capita, (3) the contribution rate of the tourism sector with according to the country's total national income, (4) the amount of passenger traffic relative to GDP, and (5) the energy consumption relative to the volume of passenger traffic. There have been five stages in the correlation: positively charged decoupling, weak decoupling, negative decoupling, strong coupling, and strong decoupling. All of these describe the relationship between the expansion of China's tourist industry and the country's carbon emissions. Findings highlighted the importance of large numbers of visitors, high levels of per-person tourism spending, and low passenger traffic volume per unit of energy consumption as key positive factors. The rise of carbon emissions may also be slowed by increasing the number of passengers transported per unit of GDP. Carbon emissions from tourists in Chengdu are fluctuating, and this influences the city's economy. The findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for Chengdu's transition to a low-carbon economy and for the formulation of policies to reduce emissions. During the research period, most Chinese provinces exhibited ideal decoupling situations. This research has the potential to be used as a scientific resource for guiding the long-term growth as a result of China's tourist sector.

Environmental decentralization and carbon emissions: evidence from China.

A robust environmental management system holds great significance for the Chinese government in effectively managing the country's carbon emissions. This study delves into the spatial impact of environmental decentralization on the carbon emissions of 30 Chinese provinces spanning from 2000 to 2019. First, we found that the increase in environmental decentralization promotes carbon emissions, and this effect is primarily driven by the delegation of environmental monitoring authority and environmental supervision authority. Second, we analyzed the heterogeneity of the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization across different regions and observed that the impact of environmental decentralization is more significant in the western region compared to the central and eastern regions. Furthermore, this study investigates how the industrial structure, government competition, and environmental regulation exert an influence on the carbon emission effects of environmental decentralization. This article presents empirical evidence from the perspective of environmental management systems that underscores the rapid escalation of carbon emissions. Additionally, it contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the economic ramifications linked to the process of environmental decentralization. At the same time, the conclusions of this article have significant practical implications for the rational design of levels of environmental decentralization, thereby accelerating the achievement of carbon neutrality.

Analyzing the impacts of renewable energy, patents, and trade on carbon emissions-evidence from the novel method of MMQR.

Achieving sustainable development necessitates proactive measures to mitigate the economy's negative impact on environmental standards. A new empirical association between renewable energy patent innovation and net international trade on carbon emissions in ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2021 is presented, along with its significance. Using present panel data techniques, this study investigates the connections between these factors. Second-generation cointegration and unit root tests, as well as a novel method of Moments Quantile Regression, are used in the econometric procedure. Compared to standard quantile regression, this method is more resistant to outliers and provides an asymmetric relationship between the variables. The findings show that trade increases carbon emissions in countries with medium to high emissions, that patent innovation contributes to increasing emissions, and that renewable energy mitigates carbon emissions in countries with low to medium emerging economies. Our results are consistent with other specifications, including quantile regression canay (Canay 2011), fully modified, dynamic, and fixed effect regressions, proving the EKC hypothesis. These countries need to prioritize greener products and adopt advanced manufacturing technologies to reduce carbon emissions from consumption. However, as prosperity increases, it also leads to higher consumption-based carbon emissions, worsening ecological damage in the region. Implementing policies like trade synchronization and increasing investment in patent innovations are proposed in this study to lower the current level of carbon emissions.

Achieving Sustainability in Nigerian Households: Investigating Factors Impacting Energy Efficiency Practices

The looming global energy crisis of the 21st century is predicted to worsen as building energy consumption is expected to rise by 50% by 2060. Investing in energy-efficient technologies and reducing carbon emissions is essential to combat this crisis. To this end, this paper delves into the complex issue of energy-efficient building practices in Nigerian households and how they can help curb carbon emissions. Using a statistical method known as the Relative Impor- tance Index (RII), we analyzed nine key factors that influence a building’s energy efficiency. The research revealed that government oversight, support, and financial and technical assis- tance are crucial for achieving household energy efficiency. It also highlights the significance of addressing the energy crisis in Nigeria through the development, implementation, and ad- aptation of energy-efficient building practices.

Research on Cost Management and Strategy Optimization of China's Energy Vehicle Industry under the Background of Double-Carbon Strategy

Based on China's current massive carbon emissions and guided by its sustainable development strategy, China implemented a "double carbon" strategy in September 2020 with the intention of reducing the country's carbon emissions in the future. In the automotive industry, new energy vehicles, which do not emit greenhouse gases while driving, have been emphasized, and many automotive companies have joined the ranks of research and development of new energy vehicles, and their market penetration rate is increasing year by year. Through literature analysis and survey methods, it is found that domestic automobile enterprises mainly face three problems: high manufacturing cost, difficulty in controlling the cost of power batteries, large investment in R&D, fierce competition in core technology, and price war to squeeze the market share of domestic enterprises. After analysis, this paper believes that automotive enterprises and the government can solve the problem by increasing the development of mineral resources to ensure the supply of minerals, sharing the R&D costs and improving the efficiency of R&D, and helping each other to protect the domestic market share of domestic enterprises. Thus, we can promote the realization of the Double-Carbon goal.

Analysis of environmental sustainability and economic development from electricity consumption based on the modified spatial Durbin model

The study investigates the impacts of financial development, electricity use, and technology innovation on CO2 emissions. International trade also plays an essential role in the economic development of Pakistan. Studying the relationship between ecological parameters, technological innovation, electricity use, and CO2 emissions is necessary to formulate the country's reasonable and practical energy policies. Based on the study's use of data from 292 Pakistani firms from 2006 to 2021, the paper investigates the mechanism of the role between financial development, electricity use, technological innovation, international trade, and CO2 emissions using the spatial Durbin model. The results reveal that the effect of economic growth, electricity use, and technological innovation on CO2 emissions has a spatial spillover effect. The results verify that international trade and the transport sector promote the country's carbon emissions. The typical speculation spike on technology innovation enhanced and financial development should concentrate more on protective ecological parameters. The research provides theoretical guidance for solving the contradictory problem of renewable energy use growth and CO2 emission limitation while promoting green and low-carbon development in the country.

Study on the Spatial Structure and Drivers of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency in Belt and Road Initiative Countries

Agricultural carbon emissions are one of the major causes of global climate change. As some of the world’s largest agricultural producers and consumers, countries along the route of the Belt and Road initiative produce significant agricultural carbon emissions. An in-depth study on the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions in countries along the route can help countries reduce environmental load while improving agricultural production, optimizing resource use, improving agricultural production efficiency, and achieving sustainable development goals, which is significant for global climate change mitigation. Based on the relational data and network perspective, this paper takes the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of 34 countries along the route of the Belt and Road Initiative from 1995 to 2020 as the research object. It integrates the social network analysis method and other methods to realize the expansion of agricultural carbon emission efficiency in the research method. The study shows that (1) agricultural carbon emission efficiency has more room for improvement and presents complex spatially linked network characteristics; (2) the spatial correlation network of agricultural carbon emission efficiency is relatively well connected, and there is a general spatial correlation and spatial spillover effect among countries; and (3) similar differences in the proportion of primary industries and differences in informatization levels help establish spatial correlations between regions and produce spatial spillover effects. It is imperative to change global economic growth, social development, and lifestyles through green development. This study is conducive to the international community’s formulation of differentiated agricultural carbon emission reduction support mechanisms for different countries to help the countries realize the transformation of agriculture and even overall economic development as soon as possible. At the same time, accelerating the pace of emission reduction and reducing the negative impact of agricultural carbon emissions are conducive to better responding to the challenges posed by global climate change.

Carbon emissions and trade interdependence between China and the US

China and the US were the world's top exporters and carbon emitters and the most crucial trading partners for each other at the same time. Trade interdependence between the two countries affect each country's carbon emissions, and linked to the world's total emissions. In order to research the effect of trade interdependence on carbon emissions of China and the US, we built a dynamic econometric model to distinguish long-term and short-term effects with datasets from 1992 to 2018 by means of the autoregressive- distributed- lag method. The results revealed that a 1% increase in trade interdependence was linked to a 0.038% decrease in China's carbon emissions and a 1.939% decrease in US emissions over the long-term. Moreover, trade interdependence produced a positive effect on China and US emissions in the short-term. In the short-term, trade interdependence decreased China's carbon emissions but increased US carbon emissions. By simulating a 1% of the counterfactual positive shock of trade interdependence, back- of- the- envelope estimations suggested a 0.220% reduction of carbon emissions for China and a 0.034% reduction for the US. At last, trade interdependence between China and the US, which reduced carbon emissions for each country in the long-term, so that policies on trade protectionism might not be necessary.

Interconnection between the Dynamic of Growing Renewable Energy Production and the Level of CO2 Emissions: A Multistage Approach for Modeling

The global reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the critical priorities for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and the Paris Agreement 2015. Therefore, it stimulates and increases the ability of countries to implement green imperatives in policies to force the anthropogenic environment, reduce use of fossil fuels, and simultaneously develop alternative energy. Thus, it is crucial to understand the impact of renewable energy development on the dynamic of CO2 pollution. Countries can increase or decrease the development of renewable energy depending on the effectiveness of its impact on the level of CO2 pollution. This paper aims to analyze the influence of the growth dynamics of renewable energy production in countries on CO2 emissions. The article uses Ward’s method to test the research hypothesis. Empirical results allowed us to conclude the interdependence of renewable energy production and CO2 emissions. The results indicate a strong relationship between the level of renewable energy production and carbon emissions in countries. For the global development of renewable energy technologies, governments must understand their impact on changing the scale of environmental pollution and expand the awareness of state leadership, the business sector, and society.

How does renewable energy consumption and trade openness affect economic growth and carbon emissions? International evidence of 122 countries

This paper aims to systematically explore the impact of renewable energy consumption, trade openness, industrialization, and urbanization on economic growth and carbon emissions while considering the different development levels of 122 countries over the period 1998–2018. Pesaran CD test, CIPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimation, Dumitreschu–Hurlin causality test and DOLS robustness test are adopted. The results show that trade openness has different effects on economic growth and carbon emissions across different income groups. Specifically, the impact of trade openness on economic growth in high- and low-income countries is positive, while trade openness has a negative impact on economic growth in middle-income countries. Meanwhile, the impact of trade openness on carbon emissions supports the pollution haven hypothesis. Urbanization promotes economic growth in all income countries, and increases carbon emissions in countries of all income groups except high-income countries. Renewable energy consumption promotes economic growth and curbs carbon emissions, while industrialization increases economic growth and carbon emissions. Further findings show a one-way causality from trade openness to renewable energy consumption. Finally, some targeted recommendations are provided for countries with different development stages.

Impact of Environmental Regulation on Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road-An Empirical Study Based on PSTR Model.

Since China has put forward the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, research on the BRI-related countries along the Belt and Road has sprung up. With the advent of the era of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, environmental regulation, as one of the important methods to control carbon emissions, is becoming increasingly prominent. Research on the impact pathway of environmental regulation of countries along the Belt and Road on carbon emissions has important implications for environmental protection and carbon emission reduction. Based on the panel data of 38 countries along the Belt and Road from 2005 to 2018, this research applied linear Tobit model and nonlinear dynamic panel regression model (PSTR) to evaluate the direct impacts on carbon emissions from environmental regulation of countries along the Belt and Road, and to analyze the different impacts of environmental regulation on carbon emissions in terms of technical innovation, industrial structure, and energy intensity. We found that (1) the direct impact of environmental regulation on carbon emissions in the countries along the Belt and Road is positive, with slight differences between the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (2) when technical innovation is at a low level, environmental regulation promotes carbon emissions, while at a high level, environmental regulation significantly inhibits carbon emissions. (3) When industrial structure is at both a low and high level, environmental regulation inhibits carbon emissions, with a stronger degree of inhibition at a higher level. (4) When energy intensity is at a low level, environmental regulation promotes carbon emissions, while at a high level, environmental regulation inhibits carbon emissions. Accordingly, we suggest that countries along the Belt and Road follow the road of sustainable and low-carbon development, which should further enhance their focus on environment protection, improve their environmental awareness, and take environmental regulation measures rationally to reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, relevant adjustments should be done on technical innovation, industrial structure, and energy intensity to achieve carbon emission reduction.

Production- and consumption-based carbon emission decoupling and decomposition of the Belt and Road countries

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) provides a platform for developing countries with huge growth potentials, which may also face huge carbon emission pressure while achieving rapid economic growth. Given certain similarities in economic patterns and resource endowments, this study aims to trace carbon emission decoupling and decomposition of different countries/regions within the Belt and Road area and provide new insights into the drivers of carbon emission decoupling from both production- and consumption-based perspectives. Based on the multi-regional input-output modelling and Tapio decoupling decomposition, this study quantitatively analyzes the decoupling evolution and decomposition drivers of economic activities and carbon emissions in countries along the Belt and Road. From the results, the production-based carbon emissions of the Belt and Road countries was significantly higher than the consumption-based carbon emissions. The increasing rate in the production-based carbon emissions was also faster than the consumption-based one, with an increasing huge gap between the two sides. Regarding the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, the regions with huge amounts of carbon emissions mainly distributed in Russia, Iran, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. When compared, the consumption-based carbon emissions of China and Russia were the highest, followed by those of the countries in Central Asia and West Asia. Compared with the production-based side, the decoupling rate of the Belt and Road countries was slower than the consumption-based one. The Belt and Road countries mainly maintained in the weak decoupling status, with the economic effect as the main driver in carbon emission growth, and the energy intensity effect as the dominated contributor in carbon emission reduction. Through exploring the decoupling and decomposition of production- and consumption-based carbon emissions within the Belt and Road countries, this study attempts to provide certain implications for the low-carbon transition and sustainable development within the countries along the Belt and Road.

Calculation and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in Countries along the Belt and Road Based on the LMDI Method

In order to study the carbon emissions of countries along the Belt and Road and its influencing factors, this paper calculates the energy carbon emissions of six major regions from 2013 to 2020 from the national level based on the LMDI index decomposition method and divides the driving factors into population, economy, industrial structure, energy intensity and carbon emission intensity, analyzing the contribution rate of each factor and regional differences. The results show that the carbon emissions of countries along the Belt and Road have shown an overall upward trend at present. The main influencing factors are economy and industrial structure, as well as reducing energy consumption intensity has also contributed more to the suppression of carbon emissions. Population and carbon emission intensity vary slightly by region. Therefore, governments should guide reasonable population growth, formulate reasonable carbon emission reduction policies according to local conditions, optimize the energy structure and accelerate the establishment of carbon markets.

The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from heterogeneous ICT countries

Climate change remains one of the world’s significant threats today, and thus Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 prioritizes countries to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change by 2030. Recent studies have scrutinized the impact of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) on the environment. However, the majority of these studies assumed that the environmental impact of ICT is homogenous across countries. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of ICT on environmental degradation, considering the difference in ICT quality among countries. Applying a panel dataset of 110 countries between 2000 to 2018 and the instrumental variable generalized method of moments (IV-GMM) technique, the findings revealed that ICTs improve environmental sustainability in countries with high ICT quality while degrading the environment in countries with moderate and low ICT quality. The results of the causality analysis also showed bi-directional causality between ICT and carbon emissions in countries with high and moderate ICT quality, while there is a uni-directional causality running from carbon emissions to ICT in countries with low ICT quality. Policies that enhance ICT usage through low pricing were recommended for moderate and low ICT quality countries to help mitigate environmental degradation.

EP-499 Is cleaner and greener NHS a pipe dream or a real possibility?

Abstract Aim In October 2020, the NHS committed to become the world's first carbon net-zero National Health Service by 2045. The aim of the study was to see what is Surgeon's role towards sustainability. Methods To review the Sustainable NHS with target of Net zero NHS proposal and analyse the changes being implemented at national and regional level. To assess how the surgical practice needs to contribute. Results Operating theatres contribute 30% of hospitals carbon footprint as the NHS contributes to nearly 5% of the country's carbon emissions. Exhaled anaesthetic gases are major contributors to the greenhouse effect and account for 5% of NHS foot print. Switch to more renewable sources of energy, to LED lights will offset some of that as will local products in the Supply chains. In theatres abandoning the use of single use plastics and switching to reusable instruments, as well as water free hand washes will help. Blue-zone technologies’ that capture, reclaim and purify halogenated agents should become a standard practice. Record of daily theatre waste is not being recorded. Optimal use of video technology for remote clinics and providing diagnostics and some interventions at non hospital sites will decrease patients need to travel and their carbon footprint. Conclusions There is need to accelerate awareness and encourage surgical care groups to change practice. Green sustainable theatres have to be standard in all new builds. Specialty specific, theatre waste analysis reports need to be presented in Monthly audits. Reference 1. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-health-services-make-landmark-pledge-to-achieve-net-zero

EFFECT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON CARBON DISCLOSURE: AN INTERNATIONAL INVESTIGATION

Objective: This study investigates how the institutional variables of economic freedom affect the disclosure of carbon by companies. Method: Data from a sample of 1,328 companies based in the 19 countries that emit the most carbon into the atmosphere is analyzed through a hierarchical regression, in which the dependent variable is the disclosure of carbon, and the independent variables represent the degree of economic freedom of the countries. Results: The results found indicate that companies disclose more information about carbon emissions in countries with greater government participation in the economy and where the law is more enforced. Contribution: Our study brings new evidence about the determinants of carbon disclosure using the theoretical lens of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) approach, in addition to important contributions for policy makers and managers. Keywords: Economic Freedom; Carbon Disclosure; Corporate Social Responsibility; Varieties of Capitalism.

An Analysis of the Responsibilities and Driving Factors for Embodied Carbon in Trade

By adopting the consumption-based accounting (CBA) method of carbon emissions based on national carbon intensity (NCI), using the International Trade Centre (ITC) database, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and the World Bank database, and taking 13 countries and regions including the European Union (EU) countries and the United States (US) as research samples, this paper conducts an accounting of the embodied carbon in trade between China and other major economies in the world, clarifies the responsibilities China has taken for foreign consumption-based carbon emissions, and analyzes the various driving factors of China’s embodied carbon in exports. The findings are as follows: (i) Most of the developed economies have higher consumption-based emissions than production-based emissions, which is contrary to most of the developing economies, with developing countries bearing responsibilities for 15–20% of the consumption-based carbon emissions for developed countries; (ii) the carbon emissions of countries and regions are closely related to the embodied carbon in trade, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. (iii) China has taken responsibility for a large amount of carbon emissions from foreign consumer demand, most of which are from the US, the EU, ASEAN, and Japan, respectively accounting for 3.8%, 3.5%, 2.3%, and 1.2% of China’s production-based carbon emissions in 2019; (iv) technique effect is the main driving factor for China’s embodied carbon in trade, while the specific driving factors vary by industry. Based on the above analysis, it is suggested that China should: (i) consider the trade factor in its efforts to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality; (ii) adopt differentiated measures to reduce trade-related emissions for specific industries; (iii) fully consider China’s demand for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in international negotiations; (iv) give more support to the research on and measurement of consumption-based carbon emissions.

Allocation of carbon emission quotas based on global equality perspective.

In a context of global climate change and issues relating to national carbon neutrality, carbon emissions (CE), which are linked with sustainable national development, have become the focus of worldwide competition. We performed geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis using historical CE data for major countries and world regions for the period 1970-2018 to identify their cumulative and per capita CE. The analysis revealed the characteristics of large cumulative CE in countries that underwent early industrialization, notably the USA, Russia, and Germany and of low per capita emissions in developing countries, notably China and India. We identified 10 mainstream international emission reduction scenarios and compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different models for measuring CE allowances. We further summarized the characteristics of IPCC scenarios, shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios, and temperature-controlled threshold scenarios along with the CE allowances of China and other major countries under different scenarios. The intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) commitment mechanism may have an impact on promoting the construction of a new global climate governance order. Considering multiple scenarios and the uncertainty of carbon emissions, choosing a certain carbon budget plan is an important future research direction. Last, we reviewed the current methods of allocating CE rights globally and among major countries and the development trend of CE to provide scientific evidence for the formulation and implementation of future international climate change agreements. In conclusion, we offer solutions for enhancing participation in the global governance of climate change.