Carbon Emission Disclosure Research Articles

Carbon Emission Disclosure in the Energy Sector: Environmental Management System and Environmental Performance

When non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas are burned, extra carbon gas (CO2) is released into the environment. The corporation releases a statement regarding carbon emission disclosure, which is a part of carbon accounting and involves evaluating and lowering carbon emissions from each manufacturing activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the simultaneous and partial effects of the environmental management systems, environmental performance, leverage, and firm age control variables on carbon emission disclosure in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021. Data analysis using panel data regression with the energy sector research population listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 to 2021. There were 10 research sample companies, with 2 companies being outliers, so that 40 samples were obtained with purposive sampling techniques. The test results show that environmental management systems, environmental performance, as well as leverage control variables and firm age have a simultaneous impact. Environmental management system with variable control leverage and firm age have partial positive impact and environmental performance with variable control leverage and firm age has no impact. This research is expected to help company management and investors in making decisions to invest in the energy sector. Keywords: Environmental Management System, Environmental Performance, Carbon Emission Disclosure

Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon Perusahaan Energi di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the factors that influence the disclosure of carbon emissions by energy companies in Indonesia. This research examines 34 sustainability reports published by energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis is used to test the extent of carbon emissions disclosure, namely the size of the dependent variable in this research. Profitability and perceived environmental reputation are operated as independent variables while environmental performance, company size, company age, and government ownership are operated as control variables in this study. Legitimacy theory is used to explain research findings. To achieve the research objectives, this research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that profitability has no significant effect on carbon emissions disclosure, while perceived environmental reputation has a significant effect on carbon emissions disclosure.
 Keywords: Carbon Emission Disclosure; Energy of Companies; Profitability; Perceived Reputation; Legitimacy Theory

The Influence of Media Exposure, Company Size, Profitability, and Leverage on Carbon Emission Disclosure

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of media exposure, company size, profitability, and leverage on carbon emission disclosures. This research is research using descriptive methods with quantitative analysis using secondary data. The sample for this research is non-cyclical consumer sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2021 period. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The independent variables used in this study are the Effect of Media Exposure, Firm Size, Profitability, and Leverage. The dependent variable used in this study is Carbon Emission Disclosure. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis. By processing data using Eviews 9. Based on the test results, media exposure and leverage have a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. While company size and profitability have no effect on carbon emission disclosure. So with this, it is hoped that the next researcher can add other independent variables that are not used in this research. Keywords: Media Exposure, Company Size, Profitability, Leverage, Carbon Emission Disclosure.

THE EFFECT OF GREEN INVESTMENT, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE, AND CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE ON FIRM VALUE

This study evaluates the market performance of mining businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021 concerning intellectual capital disclosure, carbon emission disclosure, and green investment.Secondary data for this study was from the Indonesia Stock Exchange/IDX (www.idx.co.id) and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (www.proper.menlhk.go.id). The data were gathered through purposeful sampling. Based on a predefined set of criteria, 60 data sets from 12 mining companies were gathered over five years. The study's methodology included descriptive statistics and panel data regression.According to this study, disclosures regarding intellectual property did not affect value, green investments did not affect firm value, and disclosures about carbon emissions had a significant and favorable effect.

The impact of carbon disclosure and carbon emissions intensity on firms' idiosyncratic volatility

We study the effects of a firm's decision to disclose carbon emissions and carbon emissions intensity on the idiosyncratic volatility (IdVol) of US S&P 500 firms from 2009 to 2019. We document that the decision to disclose corporate carbon emissions reduces the IdVol of carbon-emissions-disclosing firms by 140 bps compared to non-disclosing firms on average. Although firms are being rewarded for disclosing their carbon emissions information, our robust evidence shows a significant negative impact of disclosed carbon emissions intensity on firms' IdVol. The magnitude of the negative effect of carbon emissions intensity increases with the IdVol quantile, implying that the impact of carbon emissions intensity depends on the size of firm-level risk. In light of the views of the managerial opportunism theory, our findings indicate a potential agency conflict over corporate investments to reduce carbon emissions intensity. We also find that firm-level research and development costs explain the negative association between firms' carbon emissions intensity and IdVol. Our results further document a significant differential effect of carbon emissions intensity on firms' IdVol following the Paris Agreement signed in 2015. Thus, our findings suggest that investing to reduce firms' exposure to carbon risk is a painstaking corporate decision in the modern business world.

The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure and Environmental Information Disclosure on Company Value With Commissioner Size as Moderation

This research aims to determine the effect of disclosure of carbon emissions and environmental information on firm value with board size as a moderating variable. Disclosure of carbon emissions is a form of corporate transparency to shareholders in the context of overcoming global warming and climate change. This is also believed to increase the value of the company in the long term. The population used in this study are non-financial companies at LQ 45 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period August 2022 to January 2023. This research method is quantitative using purposive sampling. Based on analysis data, the disclosure of carbon emissions and the disclosure of environmental information have significant positive results on the value of the company. On the other hand, the size of the board of commissioners is still unable to moderate the disclosure of carbon emissuons and disclosure of environmental information on the value of the company.

Pengaruh Proper Rating, Industrial Type, dan Komite Audit terhadap Carbon Emission Disclosure:


 Climate change is the impact of global warming which has a negative impact on daily human activities. The negative impacts of climate change are increasing sea surface temperatures, changes in rainfall, extreme weather intensity and high waves. Pollution of carbon pollution is one of the problems that exist in environmental accounting. Through disclosure of carbon emissions, stakeholders can measure the company's role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and also indicate that the company cares about the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the simultaneous and partial effects of PROPER Rating, Industrial Type, and Audit Committee influence on Carbon Emission Disclosure. The objects used as samples in this study are non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling with a total sample of 23 samples from 509 companies. The data analysis model used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. This study gives the result that the PROPER Rating, Industrial Type, and Audit Committee variables simultaneously influence Disclosure of Carbon Emissions
 Keywords: Carbon Emission Disclosure, PROPER Rating, Industrial Type, and Committee Audit

What Can We Glean from the Past Seven Decades of Voluntary Carbon Emissions Disclosure Research?

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of global research on carbon emission disclosure, highlighting the challenges associated with climate change and its impact on businesses. To achieve this, the study analysed a dataset comprising 745 publications that were published between 1953 and 2022, obtained from the Scopus database, using bibliometrics, content analysis, and network approach methods. The results, analysed using VOSViewer, MS Excel, and Harzing's Publish or Perish software, revealed that voluntary carbon emission disclosure (VCED) is a crucial area of study. The analysis identified various themes and highlighted limitations in the literature's growth while offering suggestions for further research. The study employed a combination of bibliometric, content, and network analyses to investigate carbon emission disclosure.

Effect of Top Management Team Characteristics and Green Innovation on Firm Performance in Indonesia: Role of Carbon Emission Disclosure

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether top management team (TMT) characteristics and green innovation (GI) affect firm performance, and if so, whether the effect is mediated by carbon emission disclosure (CED). This quantitative study employs the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. The data were collected from the high-profile companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015 - 2019 period. A mediating research framework was developed to explain the association among constructs. Using agency theory and sustainability theory (triple bottom line), the results show the following findings. First, TMT characteristics positively affect firm performance. Second, GI positively affects on firm performance. Third, CED partially mediates the effect of TMT characteristics on firm performance. Fourth, CED partially mediates the effect of GI on firm performance. The current study addresses the existing research gaps and debates in the previous studies in term of proposing a more comprehensive framework by adding CED as a mediating variable. This study also builds a new dataset and focuses on environmental issues in the Indonesian research setting as an emerging country and a two-tier governance system adopter.

The Influence of Environmental Performance, Company Size, and Independent Commissioners on Carbon Emission Disclosure

Global warming caused by the increase in carbon emissions is the impact of the company's operational activities that use machines with large capacities. The study aims to empirically prove the influence of environmental performance, firm size and independent board of commissioners on carbon emission disclosure. The population in the study were 165 companies in the energy sector and basic materials sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the study period (2018-2021). Determination in this sample used purposive sampling and based on existing criteria obtained as many as 29 companies with a total of 116 data observation. Data analysis techniques use panel data regression with EViews software version 9. The results of the study show that simultaneously environmental performance, firm size and independent board of commissioners have a significant impact on carbon emission disclosure. Partially variable environmental performance and firm size have a significant influence on carbon emission disclosure. Independent board of commissioners partially had no significant influence on carbon emission disclosure.

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP CARBON EMISSIONS DISCLOSURE

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, environmental management systems, institutional ownership, and audit committees on carbon emission disclosure. The research population is energy companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique and resulted in 47 companies as the final sample. The results of this study show that the environmental management system and audit committee significantly affect carbon emission disclosure. In contrast, profitability and institutional ownership do not significantly affect carbon emission disclosure.

Board of Commissioners’ Relationship and Climate Change Disclosure: Evidence from Mining Companies

Climate change is one of the most important environmental challenges, with academics, corporate practitioners, and governments all paying close attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of board qualities such as independence, nationality, and busyness on climate change disclosure. The study consists of 44 samples and 216 data observations. Secondary data were gathered from annual reports issued by sample companies between 2018 and 2022. Darus et al. (2020) generated 19 carbon emission disclosure items, which were subjected to content analysis. According to the conclusions of the study, a bigger proportion of independent commissioners and commissioners' busyness favorably affect a company's initiative to publish climate change-related information. This study adds to the limited scholarly literature on the association between board characteristics and non-financial disclosure performance. It has significant implications for managers and regulators to pay closer attention to the effectiveness of commissioners' oversight in supporting company environmental actions.

Effect of financial performance and disclosure of carbon emissions on Environmental Performance with Good Corporate Governance as a moderation variable

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance and carbon emissions disclosure on environmental performance, and to examine the role of good corporate governance in moderating this relationship. This study uses quantitative methods with secondary data in the form of annual reports of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The sample was determined using purposive sampling method and produced 132 samples. The results of this study indicate that financial performance has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance, and disclosure of carbon emissions has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance. However, good corporate governance cannot moderate the relationship between financial performance and carbon emission disclosure on environmental performance.

ISO Certification, Firm Characteristics and Carbon Emission Disclosure

Companies’ activities have contributed to the increase in carbon emissions, which lead to the negative impact on the environment. This phenomenon has motivated companies to voluntarily disclose carbon emission disclosure. Considering this disclosure issues, our study aims to investigate the effect of ISO certification, type of industry, profitability, and firm size on carbon emission disclosure. The population consists of companies listed in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) of Nordic with total sample of 131 companies. Data were then analyzed using a multiple linear regression. The findings showed that profitability and firm size positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. Meanwhile, ISO certification and type of industry had no effect on carbon emission disclosure. This implied that ISO certification is seen as a symbolic strategy of carbon emission management.

Determinants of Carbon Emission Disclosure: A Study on Non-Financial Public Companies in Indonesia

This study investigates the direct and indirect associations between carbon emission disclosure with firm size, financial performance, and environmental performance. The samples were selected using a purposive technique and obtained 113 observations. Data are collected by downloading sustainability reports, annual reports, and annual financial statements and analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0 software. The authors find that firm size has a negative influence on financial performance. Firm size has a positive influence on environmental performance and carbon emission disclosure. Financial performance and environmental performance do not affect the carbon emission disclosure and do not mediate the effect of firm size on carbon emission disclosure.

The Moderating Role of Environmental Performance in the Effect of Profitability, Liquidity and Growth Opportunities for Disclosure on Carbon Emissions

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, liquidity, and growth opportunity on carbon emission disclosures with environmental performance as a moderating variable. The population of this study is high-profile industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with the sample in this study being 123 high-profile industrial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2021. Determination of the number of samples used purposive sampling method. The hypothesis was tested using the SPSS 26 program with Multiple Regression Analysis (Multiple Linear Regression) and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that profitability and liquidity have a significant effect on carbon emission disclosures. Growth Opportunity do not have a significant effect on carbon emission disclosures. Environmental performance has a significant effect on carbon emission disclosures.

Determinants of Carbon Emissions Disclosure in Basic And Chemical Industry Companies: A moderating role of Board of Commissioners Size

Disclosure of carbon emissions in the financial statements of basic industrial and chemical companies is a form of company participation in reducing environmental impacts, especially air pollution. However, not all companies in the industry have fully disclosed their carbon emissions. Only about 17% have disclosed their carbon emissions. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on whether leverage, firm size, profitability, and institutional ownership affect the disclosure of carbon emissions. Also, to obtain evidence of whether the size of the board of commissioners moderates the relationship between these variables to the disclosure of carbon emissions. The sample for this study were companies in the basic and chemical industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2020, 13 companies were selected purposively. The results showed that leverage and firm size had a positive and significant effect, while profitability had a positive but insignificant effect on the disclosure of carbon emissions. However, institutional ownership negatively and significantly affects the disclosure of carbon emissions. The size of the board of commissioners moderates the influence of leverage on the disclosure of carbon emissions in a negative and significant direction. As for the effect of profitability on the disclosure of carbon emissions, the size of the board of commissioners moderates insignificantly.

The Effect of Media Exposure, Environmental Performance, and ISO 14001 Certification on Carbon Emission Disclosure

Climate change is increasingly having a negative impact on people’s lives as well as the environment. Various diseases related to ambient air pollution are increasingly becoming the cause of death. Natural disasters also occur frequently, causing huge losses. Greenhouse gas emissions, often called carbon emissions, are one of the biggest causes of climate change. This research aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of media exposure, environmental performance, and ISO 14001 certification on carbon emission disclosure. Research data were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, the PROPER Secretariat website of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in the Republic of Indonesia, and corporate media covering nonfinancial companies (energy, industry, basic materials, transportation and logistics). The research sample selection used purposive sampling, resulting in 95 unbalanced data for three years (2019-2021). This research uses panel data regression analysis to examine the effect of media exposure, environmental performance, and ISO 14001 certification on carbon emission disclosure. The results showed that media exposure and environmental performance positively affect carbon emission disclosure. Meanwhile, ISO 14001 certification has no effect on carbon emission disclosure.

PENGARUH GREEN STRATEGY DAN GREEN INVESTMENT TERHADAP CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE DENGAN MEDIA EXPOSURE SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI

This study aims to examine the effect of Green Strategy and Green Investment on Carbon Emission Disclosure with Media Exposure as a Moderating Variable. This study uses secondary data obtained from sustainability reports and annual reports. The research population is in the energy sector, the transportation and logistics sector, the infrastructure sector, and the basic materials sector from 2019 – 2021 with purposive data analysis for sampling technique, and sample companies in this research were 300 companies and there were 10 outlier data, so the total observation data in this research was 290 companies. . The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear analysis. Further research is suggested to add independent variables that affect disclosure of carbon emissions such as environmental management system and green intellectual capital or expand the corporate sector used in conducting this research such as non-cyclical consumers, cyclical consumers, and technology. The results obtained from this study are that the influence of the green strategy has a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. The effect of green investment has no positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. Media exposure is able to strengthen the effect of green investment on carbon emission disclosure, but is unable to strengthen the effect of green strategy on carbon emission disclosure

Analysis of Company Size, Profitability, and Growth on Company Value Mediated By Carbon Emission Disclosure (Study on Food & Beverage Sub-Sector Listed on IDX For The Period 2018-2022)

This study aimed to analyze the effect of company size, profitability, and growth on company value through disclosure of carbon emissions. The population of this study were food and beverage industry companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 - 2022. The sample were selected from the population with the criteria that the companies were listed company on the IDX successively and report disclosure of carbon emissions in the annual report. The number of samples in this study was 17 companies with observations for 5 years. Data analysis used path analysis and Sobel tests are used to observe indirect influences. The results of this study indicated that company size and profitability had a direct effect on disclosure of carbon emissions and firm value, while growth had no direct effect on disclosure of carbon emissions and firm value. The results of this study also showed that company size, profitability and growth did not have an indirect effect on firm value mediated by disclosure of carbon emissions.