Carbon Dioxide Capture System Research Articles

A Hybrid Mechanism and Data-Based Modeling Approach to a Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Process in a Coal-Fired Power Unit

Chemical absorption carbon capture systems use solutions with complex compositions to further reduce energy consumption and improve performance. Modeling and simulation are essential methods for studying the characteristics of these systems and optimizing them. However, existing methods cannot be used to build models of systems with complex or unknown solutions. This study proposes a hybrid modeling method integrating mechanism modeling and operational data for a chemical absorption carbon capture system. This method interprets the physical and chemical properties of solvents under various operating conditions based on operational data. To validate the effectiveness of this method, it is applied to a real-life post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system in a 1000 MW coal-fired power unit, which has an annual capture capacity of 10,000 tons. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed method can obtain values of key property parameters of solvents, including absorption heat, cyclic carbon capacity, and heat capacity. The average relative error between operational data and simulation data ranges from 0.2% to 8.0%.

Exploring the Role of Natural Convection in 2-Stage Electrochemical CO2 Separation

Current state-of-the-art carbon dioxide (CO2) capture systems are often implemented at large scale thermal power plants and industrial facilities due to their capital-intensive designs.1 However, there are many smaller scale applications for CO2 separation, such as from commercial buildings, airplanes, and/or submarines, that could benefit from scalable technologies with lower energy requirements. Consequently, 2-stage electrochemical CO2 separators have been proposed as systems with the potential to achieve high energy efficiencies and to operate at the compact sizes required for space-constrained applications.2 While electrochemical capture systems most similar to thermochemical capture systems employ separation units such as absorption columns and flash tanks in addition to the electrochemical reactor, the envisioned 2-stage process combines the activation step with CO2 absorption and the deactivation step with CO2 desorption, all within a single unit. Unfortunately, experimental studies have thus far shown these devices cannot support high current densities and exhibit considerable losses. Understanding and mitigating these losses is key to improving the performance of these separators. Here, we develop a two-dimensional cell model to simulate the capture and release of CO2 from a 2-stage electrochemical separator with freely-solubilized, redox-active capture molecules. We first discuss the governing equations within the model and, using representative redox couples, we experimentally validate that the model can adequately predict voltage–current relationships. Through this validation, we observe that electrode reactions generate concentration gradients that induce natural convection within the device, enabling higher than expected current densities. To maximize the benefits of natural convection, we then explore the impacts of capture species and electrolyte properties, cell design, and operating conditions on performance by experimentally and computationally varying redox species concentrations, cell orientation, and electrode dimensions. Finally, we incorporate the CO2 binding/release reactions to predict the effect of natural convection on CO2 capture and release. We find that density gradients within the cell also impact the CO2 back-flux from the higher concentration anode to the lower concentration cathode, affecting the separation flux and minimum work. We anticipate that this model will support electrochemical reactor design campaigns leading to higher-performing devices for a range of CO2 separation applications. References M. Wang, A. Lawal, P. Stephenson, J. Sidders, and C. Ramshaw, Chem Eng Res Des, 89, 1609–1624 (2011). L. E. Clarke, M. E. Leonard, T. A. Hatton, and F. R. Brushett, Ind Eng Chem Res, 61, 10531–10546 (2022).

Reforming Natural Gas for CO2 Pre-Combustion Capture in Trinary Cycle Power Plant

Today, most of the world’s electric energy is generated by burning hydrocarbon fuels, which causes significant emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by thermal power plants. In world practice, flue gas cleaning systems for removing nitrogen oxides, sulfur, and ash are successfully used at power facilities but reducing carbon dioxide emissions at thermal power plants is still difficult for technical and economic reasons. Thus, the introduction of carbon dioxide capture systems at modern power plants is accompanied by a decrease in net efficiency by 8–12%, which determines the high relevance of developing methods for increasing the energy efficiency of modern environmentally friendly power units. This paper presents the results of the development and study of the process flow charts of binary and trinary combined-cycle gas turbines with minimal emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This research revealed that the net efficiency rate of a binary CCGT with integrated post-combustion technology capture is 39.10%; for a binary CCGT with integrated pre-combustion technology capture it is 40.26%; a trinary CCGT with integrated post-combustion technology capture is 40.35%; and for a trinary combined-cycle gas turbine with integrated pre-combustion technology capture it is 41.62%. The highest efficiency of a trinary CCGT with integrated pre-combustion technology capture is due to a reduction in the energy costs for carbon dioxide capture by 5.67 MW—compared to combined-cycle plants with integrated post-combustion technology capture—as well as an increase in the efficiency of the steam–water circuit of the combined-cycle plant by 3.09% relative to binary cycles.

Insect tracheal systems as inspiration for carbon dioxide capture systems

Membrane technology advancements within the past twenty years have provided a new perspective on environmentalism as engineers design membranes to separate greenhouse gases from the environment. Several scientific journals have published articles of experimental evidence quantifying carbon dioxide (CO2), a common greenhouse gas, separation using membrane technology and ranking them against one another. On the other hand, natural systems such as the respiratory system of mammals also accomplish transmembrane transport of CO2. However, to our knowledge, a comparison of these natural organic systems with engineered membranes has not yet been accomplished. The tracheal respiratory systems of insects transport CO2at the highest rates in the animal kingdom. Therefore, this work compares engineered membranes to the tracheal systems of insects by quantitatively comparing greenhouse gas conductance rates. We demonstrate that on a per unit volume basis, locusts can transport CO2approximately ∼100 times more effectively than the best current engineered systems. Given the same temperature conditions, insect tracheal systems transport CO2three orders of magnitude faster on average. Miniaturization of CO2capture systems based on insect tracheal system design has great potential for reducing cost and improving the capacities of industrial CO2capture.

Unlocking new potentials in energy-efficient carbon dioxide capture: How catalyst-phthalocyanine is leading the way

Addressing the high energy demand of amine-based carbon dioxide capture systems is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. While enhancing energy efficiency with solid acid catalysts in amine regeneration is promising, developing more efficient catalysts remains a critical challenge. In this study, we introduce the innovative use of a robust, metal-free phthalocyanine as a catalyst to facilitate amine regeneration. Distinctively, phthalocyanine features a macrocyclic ring with an extensive π-conjugated system that functions as Lewis acid sites, diverging from conventional methods that rely on metal atoms for this role. Additionally, the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms on the macrocyclic ring act as Brönsted base sites and Brönsted acid sites, respectively. These sites collectively contribute to a significant acceleration in the CO2 desorption rate, achieving an increase of 1679% at approximately 67 ℃, which far surpasses the performance of previously investigated catalysts. Furthermore, phthalocyanine catalyzes the decomposition of carbamate and protonated monoethanolamine more efficiently than bicarbonate. This research lays the groundwork for next-generation catalysts in amine solvent regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture process.

Main current legal and regulatory frameworks for carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage in the European Economic Area

There is broad consensus on the key role that carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, transport, and storage (CCTS) systems will play in mitigating climate change, either by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it permanently or by avoiding CO2 emissions generated by point sources, especially from hard-to-abate sectors (e.g., waste-to-energy, cement, shipping or aviation). Although CCTS is ready to be implemented from a technical standpoint, the legal and regulatory framework required for its implementation and regulation could be further improved. In this article, we summarize and critically discuss the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the ‘OSPAR Convention’), and of the London protocol, as well as of the European CCS and ETS Directives. With a focus on the European Economic Area, we highlight existing gaps and hurdles that should be tackled in view of the large-scale deployment of CCTS. Furthermore, as the legal landscape for CO2 transport and geological storage is evolving rapidly, we provide an overview of recent clarifications on aspects of the existing legislation and a summary of new proposals presented by the European Commission in this space.

Performance of a novel CO2 absorption and reverse electrodialysis system with different amine solutions for simultaneous energy and bicarbonate recovery

In this study, the performance of a novel integrated carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and reverse electrodialysis (RED) system was evaluated. The optimal operating conditions and carbon dioxide absorption and desorption mechanisms were identified. The proposed system utilizes a RED device to recover energy from the desorption step of the CO2 capture process, which is known to have high energy requirements in conventional processes. It has the potential as a hybrid process capable of recovering absorbent, energy, and bicarbonate through RED. To verify the performance of the system, CO2 loading, power density, and absorbent regeneration were evaluated using primary (monoethanolamine, MEA), secondary (diethanolamine, DEA), and tertiary (N-methyldiethanolamine, MDEA) amines. In the case of primary and secondary amines, carbamates, intermediate products, are formed and pass through the ion exchange membrane of RED, thereby achieving high power density. However, they are re-substituted with amines after passing through the ion exchange membrane (IEM), leading to the loss of absorbent. Conversely, in the case of tertiary amines, no intermediate products were formed, and excellent absorbent regeneration performance of more than 99.9% was demonstrated through multi-stage RED. Through this, the feasibility of future applications of this technology was confirmed.

Exergy and pinch assessment of an innovative liquid air energy storage configuration based on wind renewable energy with net-zero carbon emissions

Given the rising global energy demands and the fluctuating nature of load demand, advancing various energy storage systems to enhance their efficiency is essential. Moreover, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from various industries has prompted governments to implement carbon dioxide (CO2) capture systems and invest in renewable energy sources. In this research, a cryogenic energy storage configuration is developed according to the air liquefaction process, liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification operation, CO2 capture cycle, and organic Rankine plant. During off-peak times, the air entering the energy storage system is compressed and liquefied using wind energy and the cold energy from LNG vaporization, producing 83.12 kg/s of liquid air. During on-peak times, the liquid air and LNG after recovering the cold energy enter the power generation cycle, generating 119 MW of electrical power. This power generation cycle includes a combustion chamber, gas turbine power plant, and organic Rankine cycles. Flue gases from the power generation cycles enter the amine-based CO2 capture and then the output CO2 is stored in liquid form. The storage and round-trip efficiencies of the present energy storage configuration are 67.97 % and 62.50 %, respectively. The results of exergy analysis show that the exergy efficiency of the whole system, off-peak, and on-peak sections are calculated as 64.88 %, 82.40 %, and 74.03 %, respectively. The pinch method for multi-stream exchangers (HX6, HX7, and HX8) is accomplished and the exchanger network related to each one is determined. Three-dimensional sensitivity analysis indicates that storage and round-trip efficiencies increase up to 80.45 % and 66.20 %, respectively when the power generation section pressure increases up to 110 bar and compressed air pressure decreases to 135 bar.

Optimization of a combined gas turbine and steam Rankine cycle utilizing the chemical looping combustion (CLC) reactor for CO2 capture and Storage: Towards enhanced efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness

In recent years, CO2 released by fossil fuel power plants, through the process of capture and storage, has been tried to be separated from other combustion products and directed to the underground to prevent it from entering the environment. While various methods exist for this purpose, they are typically expensive and consume a significant amount of power. In this research, a proposed solution to study and optimize the capture and storage process involves a combined cycle power plant with two gas turbines and four steam turbines, equipped with a carbon dioxide capture and storage system using the chemical looping combustion (CLC) method. The storage of released CO2 is facilitated by four compressors operating in four stages. To begin, the developed model is validated in terms of energy, exergy, and economic factors. Subsequently, the system is optimized using an NSGA genetic algorithm, with two objective functions: exergy efficiency and total cost rate. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to define the decision variables. The results demonstrate that the optimization process has led to a 4.37 % increase in the system’s power output, from 379.75 MW to 396.37 MW. Moreover, the optimization has improved both the exergy and energy efficiency values, with these parameters rising from 51.97 % and 54.23 % to 54.24 % and 56.61 %, respectively. Furthermore, the total cost rate has slightly decreased from 46,267 to 46,020 $/hr as a result of system optimization.

Engineering redox-active electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide capture systems

Engineering redox-active electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide capture systems

Design and simulate an amine-based CO2 capture process for a steam methane reforming hydrogen production plant

Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a common technique for hydrogen production, however CO2, which is created as a by-product, needs to be captured. Chemical absorption utilizing amine solvents is the most economically practical method of CO2 capturing. Amines are a class of organic compounds that are commonly used as chemical solvents for carbon capture. The effectiveness of a particular amine as a carbon capture solvent depends on its chemical structure and properties. Some commonly used amines for carbon capture include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). This study aims to simulate SMR hydrogen production plant utilizing amine-based carbon dioxide capture system using Aspen HYSYS V11 software and figure out the efficiency of different chemical solvents in capturing carbon dioxide. The results of this study show that MEA has high efficiency to capture CO2 due to its high reactivity and ability to form a strong chemical bond with CO2. However, it is also highly corrosive and can be costly to regenerate.

Efficient solar-driven carbon dioxide capture system for greenhouse using graphene-contained deep eutectic solvents

As photosynthesis progresses, the concentration of CO2 within greenhouses rapidly declines, significantly impairing crop growth. In light of the prevailing limitations associated with complex systems, high energy consumption, and safety concerns related to existing CO2 supplementation methods, a novel “solar-driven CO2 capture system” was proposed for the first time in current work, in which high photothermal conversion materials were incorporated into the deep eutectic solvents (DES). This nanofluid system aims to elevate the system's temperature, facilitating the desorption process and promoting the CO2 absorption–desorption cycle. The graphene nanofluid (GNF) prepared with varying mass fractions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can raise CO2 absorption capacity. The results indicate that the CO2 absorption capacity has improved from 0.286 g/g to 0.399 g/g, which can be attributed to abundant adsorption sites provided by the surface of RGO for capturing CO2. Furthermore, the addition of RGO improves the photothermal conversion performance of DES. Maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 94.3 % and a maximum temperature of 75.9℃ have been achieved for DES-500 (with the addition of 500 ppm RGO in DES) under the irradiation of 1000 W/m2; while pure DES presents 32.7 % and 54.7℃, respectively. Notably, GNF also exhibits excellent recyclability and can effectively regulate CO2 concentration within the greenhouse, ensuring normal growth and development of crops.

Design and calculation of an environmentally friendly carbon-free hybrid plant based on a microgas turbine and a solid oxide fuel cell

This is an overview of a hybrid power plant design and predesign analysis, including a microgas turbine with heat recovery, a high-temperature fuel cell, and a carbon dioxide capture system. A hybrid installation model is presented, taking into account the compatibility and technological limitations of the main components. The material and heat balance calculation of a hybrid power plant is performed depending on the input parameters under partial load conditions. In order to create a decarbonized highly efficient energy production process and in connection with the need to minimize the negative impact of carbon dioxide on the environment, the article presents the developed technologies for carbon dioxide utilization and a carbon adsorption unit as a hybrid power plant part. The hybrid power plant is a carbon-free mini thermal power plant with integrated electricity, steam, and hot water generation and more than 90% total efficiency.

A novel carbon dioxide capture system for a cement plant based on waste heat utilization

A novel carbon dioxide capture system that combines cooling, heating and power (CCHP) based on a cement plant has been developed and evaluated. The proposed integration is realized by recovering the waste heat of cement flue gas to produce electricity for decarburization or sale. The novel system can reduce the expensive external energy consumption for decarbonization by fully utilizing the heat itself. The heat loss of the CO2 capture process is utilized to supply heat directly or provide cooling by an NH3-H2O absorption refrigeration system. An appropriate decarbonization rate (18.89 %) is determined when the income just as much as possible compensates for the cost of decarbonization. The coupled system is assessed from thermodynamic and economic perspectives to exhibit its feasibility. Under the heating mode, 5.52 MW energy is recovered from the decarbonization heat loss. Meanwhile, a total system efficiency of 10.28 % and a total exergy efficiency of 8.18 % can be achieved. Both metrics are superior to the cooling mode, in which 3.66 MW energy is taken into the absorption refrigeration system for suppling 0.82 MW of cooling. Finally, the annual income achieves 3287.07 k$ while the COA as low as 46.31 $/t CO2 under this decarbonization rate.

Demonstration of a high-efficiency carbon dioxide capture and methanation system with heat/material integration for power-to-gas and zero carbon dioxide emissions in flue gasses

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and methanation are important methods for realizing both power-to-gas and zero CO2 emissions. However, the technology needs to be improved to solve implementation barriers such as energy efficiency, compactness, economics, and CO2 source flexibility, especially for CO2 derived from fuel combustion.The present report describes the development of a high-efficiency integrated system to separate CO2 from flue gas with a high recovery rate and convert it to high-quality CH4 using in-system heat/material integration.A carbon recycling system with a throughput of 5.1-kW CH4 (LHV basis) was integrated with CO2 adsorbers using zeolite and catalytic methanation reactors. System efficiency, defined as the energy ratio of output CH4 and H2 against the sum of input H2 and power for system operation, was then evaluated using exhaust gas from a combustion furnace with a CO2 concentration of 9%. In general, a decrease in the energy required for system operations, such as gas treatment, CO2 separation, and auxiliary machines, improves efficiency. Two challenges were encountered during the study: reduction in CO2 separation energy by implementation of heat/material management using a H2 reactant as a sweep gas and the reaction heat of methanation, and a reduction in gas compression energy by conducting the methanation reaction under the lowest possible pressure. The results indicated that the CO2 conversion rate was greater than 99% under a pressure of 225 kPa-G, and the only energy consumed was by the oil pump for cooling the reactors. Due to the use of H2 sweep gas and methanation heat recovery, the CO2 recovery rate was also greater than 99%, and the additional energy consumption (1.8 GJ/t-CO2) was due to vacuum pumps. In addition, the system achieved an efficiency greater than 70% (LHV basis), while maintaining both a CO2 recovery rate and a conversion of greater than 99%. Because the energy for dehydration of the exhaust gas was the most significant portion of the total system operational energy, further improvement of the system efficiency is thought to be possible by reducing the energy required for dehydration.

Low-cost natural carbon dioxide sorbents available in the Czech Republic

The article deals with the issue of carbon dioxide adsorption on mineral samples, two of which are rich in montmorillonite and one in kaolinite. The last comparative sample is clinoptilolite, which is widely used as a sorbent in agriculture, water treatment, etc. The theoretical part summarizes several current researches on the use of bentonites as adsorbents, both in their raw form and after various chemical treatments. The study presented here does not suggest any modification procedure, but tests untreated samples and samples subjected to calcinations at temperatures of 250-750 ° C. The calcination of units of grams was carried out by means of a carousel TGA, which made it possible to record curves of mass changes and to obtain a sufficient amount of calcinates for further analyses at the same time. From the point of view of achieving the highest specific surface area and the total pore volume, the optimal calcination temperature for the phyllosilicate samples ranged from 250 to 450 °C. Natural zeolite, on the other hand, showed a deterioration of both of these parameters at any temperature exceeding 150 °C. The same temperature dependence was found in the case of adsorption capacities determined by an automatic analyser Autosorb IQ using pure CO2. Measurements on this instrument also confirmed that selected inexpensive natural materials provide comparable adsorption capacities as the commercially available 13X molecular sieve used as a reference sample. Based on the performed analyses, the initial conditions of sample preparation for the upcoming measurement of adsorption properties on a larger apparatus operating in the PSA/TSA mode were determined. The primary aim of the tests using the selfdesigned high-pressure adsorption unit will be to determine the adsorption capacities that will take into account the temperature and pressure conditions in a real postcombustion carbon dioxide capture system. Unlike the automatic analyser described above, it will be possible to quantify the influence of important factors such as: flue gas humidity, the presence of other permanent gases (especially SO2) and last but not least various CO2 partial pressures and absolute pressure during adsorption and desorption. The experiments will verify the extent to which the presence of noncondensing moisture in the gaseous mixture is problematic. In the case of phyllosilicates, it is not just the parallel adsorption of H2O that affects the adsorption capacity available for CO2 capture. It will be empirically determined to what extent the swelling of the sorbent occurs in the wet gas, changing the gas flow through the layer and especially the pressure loss. The results of measurements on high-pressure apparatus will be the basis for the design and construction of a larger pilot scale unit.

Novel in-capsule synthesis of metal–organic framework for innovative carbon dioxide capture system

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been developed as solid sorbents for CO2 capture applications and their properties can be controlled by tuning the chemical blocks of their crystalline units. A number of MOFs (e.g., HKUST-1) have been developed but the question remains how to deploy them for gas–solid contact. Unfortunately, the direct use of MOFs as nanocrystals would lead to serious problems and risks. Here, for the first time, we report a novel MOF-based hybrid sorbent that is produced via an innovative in-situ microencapsulated synthesis. Using a custom-made double capillary microfluidic assembly, double emulsions of the MOF precursor solutions and UV-curable silicone shell fluid are produced. Subsequently, HKUST-1 MOF is successfully synthesized within the droplets enclosed in the gas permeable microcapsules. The developed MOF-bearing microcapsules uniquely allow the deployment of functional nanocrystals without the challenge of handling ultrafine particles, and further, can selectively reject undesired compounds to protect encapsulated MOFs.

Full-scale FEED Study for Retrofitting the Prairie State Generating Station with an 816 MWe Capture Plant using Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Technology

This front-end engineering and design (FEED) study is for a carbon dioxide (CO2) capture system for Unit #2 (816 MW) at the Prairie State Generating Company’s (PSGC) Energy Campus in Marissa, IL. The capture technology used is the Advanced KM CDR Process™ from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). The project will be the largest post-combustion capture plant in the world. In addition, it will incorporate advancements in the technology including lessons learned from past projects and a new proprietary solvent. The overall business model being developed by PSGC focuses on the generation of 45Q tax credits as a result of sequestering the captured CO2. Because the Prairie Research Institute (PRI) within the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) leads both this capture effort and the storage effort, there is close coordination and integration between the capture and storage efforts. This integration is vital to achieving the desired business targets for the project.

A Feasibility Study of Full Scale, Post Combustion, Amine Based, CO <sub>2</sub> Capture Retrofit Application in the Cement Manufacturing Sector at the Lehigh Hanson Materials Limited Facility

This paper will present the progress of a feasibility study, jointly conducted by Lehigh Hanson Materials Limited (Lehigh) and the International CCS Knowledge Centre, aimed at retrofitting a cement production facility at Lehigh (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) with a full scale, post combustion, amine-based Carbon Dioxide (CO2) capture system. This study is a major breakthrough for carbon capture and storage (CCS) as it represents a first in North America for CCS application in the cement industry. The main deliverable of the feasibility study is a Class 4 estimate to assist Lehigh in determining the economic viability of a potential CCS retrofit project. This feasibility study commenced in November 2019 and will be complete in the fall of 2021 and is projected to cost $3.0M CAD. Funding for this study has been contributed to by Lehigh and Emissions Reduction Alberta (ERA) with contributions by the International CCS Knowledge Centre. The study will examine both the carbon capture technology and the “balance of plant”. Successful completion of this feasibility study could lead to a decision to carry out a Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) study and ultimately to a Final Investment Decision (FID) to implement a commercial scale project. A commercial project is projected to reduce emissions by approximately 600,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. The commercial scale project is projected to reduce emissions in Alberta in excess of 13.1 Mtonnes over a 25-year lifespan. The International CCS Knowledge Centre who is providing project management and advisory services, has engaged an experienced CO2 capture technology vendor, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Group, for the design of the CO2 capture system. MHI is responsible for the scope of work that includes the flue gas pretreatment system, the CO2 capture facility, and the CO2 compression process. The International CCS Knowledge Centre is also engaging and directing engineering consultants or other solution providers as appropriate. This direction and guidance will utilize base learnings from both the fully integrated Boundary Dam 3 CCS Facility and the comprehensive second-generation CCS study, known as the Shand CCS Feasibility Study, engineering consultants are being engaged to provide preliminary process and equipment design and cost estimates within their assigned scopes of work or work packages. The captured CO2 would be permanently sequestered and could be also used for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The Lehigh facility is located near potential storage locations, including being about 50 km away from the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL) and nearby EOR opportunities. Lehigh, part of HeidelbergCement, will contribute to the company’s goal of achieving CO2-neutral concrete by 2050 at the latest and make it the most sustainable building material.

A Novel Carbon Dioxide Capture System for a Cement Plant Based on Waste Heat Utilization

A Novel Carbon Dioxide Capture System for a Cement Plant Based on Waste Heat Utilization