Carbon Capture Process Research Articles

Optimization of liquefaction cycles applied to CO2 coming from onshore pipeline to offshore ship transportation

In the field of the CO2 transportation for the Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) process chain, several analyses show that, for a large-scale CO2 transportation, pipeline transportation is the preferred method on land due to its lower cost. Barges also present a feasible alternative if the capture site is near a waterway. Maritime transport becomes more advantageous than pipelines, particularly over long distances and across ocean. Despite the need to liquefy CO2 and to add temporary storage facilities for loading and unloading onto ships, beyond a certain distance at fixed CO2 transported and plant life, ship transport optimal at pressures of 7 or 15 bar depending on the type of vessel. Impurities in CO2, arising from various industrial processes and variable performances of capture technologies, increase energy consumption during compression and could cause corrosion risks. Specifications for CO2 ship transport limit the concentration of certain impurities with strict thresholds. Methods for purifying CO2, such as the two-flash system and stripping column, have been proposed to meet these specifications. The studied CO2 liquefaction methods show that hybrid cycles, combining open cycle with Joule-Thompson expansion and closed cycle with cooling machine offer reduced energy consumption and improved CO2 recovery compared to open or closed cycles. In the presence of the maximum threshold of impurities in the pipeline, energy consumption can nearly double from 21.8 kWh/tCO2 to 40.9 kWh/tCO2, with the highest recovery rising 98.1 %. This research underscores the importance of optimizing CO2 transport strategies to facilitate the deployment of CCUS technologies.

A thermo-economic comparison on new and conventional alternatives of pressurization of CO2 in CCS systems

The final stage of carbon capture and storage processes involves the pressurization of CO2 by a suitable method which is conventionally carried out through a series of compressors with intercoolers in between them. In the present study, the idea of liquefying the captured CO2 is considered. Four different systems for the liquefaction process are evaluated and compared Thermo-economically with the benchmark system of direct carbon dioxide compression. The results indicate that the EPLS system outperforms the others, with a product cost 5.89% lower than the benchmark system. Evaluations show that most of the costs are imposed by the initial compression stage in each system. A detailed investigation of the sensitivity analysis shows that the benchmark and claude systems have the largest dependency on pressure ratio and intercooling temperature, respectively. Additionally evaluation of the economic parameters indicates that the changes in unit cost of power have the most effect on the benchmark system while the interest rate affects the results of claude and DEBARS more than other options. Detailed evaluations reveal that the EPLS layout has the advantage of less dependency on the changes of operating parameters and on the other hand, the cost of input heat, the maintenance factor, and the generator and evaporator temperatures make a high difference in the final product cost of the DEBARS. Finally, the effect of pressure drops in heat exchangers is investigated and results reveal that the consideration of pressure drops leads to power penalties ranging from 0.97 to 8.52 $/hr in different systems.

Post-combustion CO2 capture retrofit from diesel-powered Arctic mines – Techno-economic and environmental assessment

This study evaluates the economic feasibility and environmental impacts of retrofitting a diesel-based powerhouse in the Canadian Arctic with a post-combustion carbon capture process at an active gold mining site isolated from cheaper or cleaner electrical grids. A techno-economic analysis was conducted to determine the total annualized cost (TAC) of implementing a monoethanolamine (MEA) chemical absorption process to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. The calculated cost per tonne of CO2 captured of $420 reflects the challenges of operating northern sites reliant on diesel fuel. Electricity generation costs, estimated at 0.44 $/kWh, are found to explain most of the variance in cost per tonne compared to other studies. A profitability model, comparing the additional annual expenditure to the current carbon tax exposure (CTE), suggests that carbon pricing alone is insufficient to incentivize investment in energy-intensive carbon capture technologies such as amine-based absorption processes. The sensitivity analysis, which evaluates profitability relative to variations in key variables, highlights the significant impact of the solvent regeneration heat demand. This major cost driver also contributes substantially to the carbon footprint of 0.55 tonnes emitted per tonne captured, as determined by a complementary life cycle assessment.

Techno-economic assessment of decentralized low-carbon power plants based on solid oxide fuel cell equipped with calcium looping carbon capture

Integrating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with carbon capture technologies aligns with the intention to decarbonize the electricity sector. This study explores two configurations of SOFCs combined with calcium looping (CaL) carbon capture technology (SOFC/CaL): one with auxiliary heaters and another with additional fuel to supply the energy required for the carbon capture process. Results indicate that the electrical efficiency of the SOFC/CaL system is approximately 26% lower than that of a standalone SOFC, though the overall efficiency (considering both electricity and heat as products) remains comparable. However, CO2 emission is 314.7 kg/MWh for standalone SOFC, 125.8 kg/MWh for SOFC/CaL equipped with auxiliary heaters, and 22.4 kg/MWh for SOFC/CaL retrofitted with additional fuel. The scale of the SOFC and the fuel price significantly affect the carbon capture economy and the required CO2 tax for cost parity. For a 10 MW plant with a fuel cost of 10 USD/GJ, the levelized cost of electricity is estimated at 66.7 USD/MWh for the standalone SOFC and 82.5 USD/MWh for the SOFC/CaL. A CO2 tax of 39-53 USD/tCO2 is necessary to achieve cost parity.

Experimental study on the effect of THF/DTAC and adsorption coupling on the separation and carbon capture process of CH4/CO2 gas mixture by hydrate-based method

Experimental study on the effect of THF/DTAC and adsorption coupling on the separation and carbon capture process of CH4/CO2 gas mixture by hydrate-based method

Optimizing energy consumption in post-combustion CO2 capture at an NGCC power plant: a simulation-based approach

Abstract This study aims to optimize energy consumption in post-combustion carbon capture processes at a Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant. It further addresses challenges associated with steam extraction from NGCC power plants and explores non-condensable steam turbines to boost process efficiency. Various scenarios are explored to minimize energy requirements by leveraging heat integration and alternative solvent compositions. The research uses simulations with commercially available software and literature-derived data to address the challenges of high energy consumption in such processes. Emphasis is placed on optimizing solvent composition and implementing advanced heat optimization strategies to reduce energy consumption. Four scenarios with different solvent compositions are investigated, utilizing Monoethanolamine and aqueous piperazine. The results show that process parameter optimization and heat optimization strategies can result in significant energy savings. To attain a carbon-neutral energy landscape, this research helps develop more sustainable and effective carbon capture methods.

Carbon dioxide capture in large-scale CCGT power plant from flue gases obtained from various fuel mixtures

In this study, the thermodynamic analysis of a combined cycle gas turbine integrated with post-combustion carbon capture and storage using the solvent method is performed. The syngas obtained from the gasification of sewage sludge is mixed with methane and nitrogen-rich natural gas fuels at different proportions, used in the gas turbine, and the properties of fuel and flue gases are analyzed. The flue gas obtained from the fuel mixture is passed through the post-combustion carbon capture and storage at various load conditions to assess the heat and electricity required for the carbon capture process. The solvent used for the carbon capture from flue gases enables CO2 capture with the high efficiency of 90%. With the calculated results, the load conditions of flue gas using fuel mixtures are identified, which reduces the heat and power demand of post-combustion carbon capture and storage and provides the possibility to achieve neutral emission. The impact of selected operating conditions of post-combustion carbon capture and storage on the CO2 emission reduction process and on the power plant performances is investigated. Considering the factors of electricity generation, energy efficiency, heat supply to the consumers, operating load of post-combustion carbon cap-ture and storage and CO2 emission, the 50% mixture of syngas with both fuels performs better. Also, the use of a mixture of 2-amino-2methyl-1-propanol and piperazine with reboiler duty 3.7 MJ/kgCO2 in post-combustion carbon capture and storage slightly enhanced the performance of the power plant compared to the use of monoethanolamine with reboiler duty 3.8 MJ/kgCO2.

Oxygen‐Stable Electrochemical CO2 Capture using Redox‐Active Heterocyclic Benzodithiophene Quinone

AbstractElectrochemical carbon capture offers a promising alternative to thermal amine technology, which serves as the traditional benchmark method for CO2 capture. Despite its technological maturity, the widespread deployment of thermal amine technologies is hindered by high energy consumption and sorbent degradation. In contrast, electrochemical methods, with their inherently isothermal operation, address these challenges, offering enhanced energy efficiency and robustness. Among emerging strategies, electrochemical carbon capture systems using redox‐active materials such as quinones stand out for their potential to capture CO2. However, their practical application is currently limited by their low stability in the presence of oxygen. We demonstrate that benzodithiophene quinone (BDT‐Q), a heterocyclic quinone, exhibits high stability in electrochemical carbon capture processes with oxygen‐containing feed gas. Conducted in a cyclic flow system with a simulated flue gas mixture containing 13 % CO2 and 3.5 % O2 for over 100 hours, the process demonstrates high oxygen stability with an electron utilization of 0.83 without significant degradation, indicating a promising approach for real world applications. Our study explores the potential of new heterocyclic quinone compounds in the context of carbon capture technologies.

Oxygen-Stable Electrochemical CO2 Capture using Redox-Active Heterocyclic Benzodithiophene Quinone.

Electrochemical carbon capture offers a promising alternative to thermal amine technology, which serves as the traditional benchmark method for CO2 capture. Despite its technological maturity, the widespread deployment of thermal amine technologies is hindered by high energy consumption and sorbent degradation. In contrast, electrochemical methods, with their inherently isothermal operation, address these challenges, offering enhanced energy efficiency and robustness. Among emerging strategies, electrochemical carbon capture systems using redox-active materials such as quinones stand out for their potential to capture CO2. However, their practical application is currently limited by their low stability in the presence of oxygen. We demonstrate that benzodithiophene quinone (BDT-Q), a heterocyclic quinone, exhibits high stability in electrochemical carbon capture processes with oxygen-containing feed gas. Conducted in a cyclic flow system with a simulated flue gas mixture containing 13 % CO2 and 3.5 % O2 for over 100 hours, the process demonstrates high oxygen stability with an electron utilization of 0.83 without significant degradation, indicating a promising approach for real world applications. Our study explores the potential of new heterocyclic quinone compounds in the context of carbon capture technologies.

A Guideline for Cross-Sector Coupling of Carbon Capture Technologies

Many governments around the world have taken action to utilise carbon capture (CC) technologies to reduce CO2 emissions. This technology is particularly important to reduce unavoidable emissions from industries like cement plants, oil refineries, etc. The available literature in the public domain explores this theme from two distinct perspectives. The first category of papers focuses only on modelling the CC plants by investigating the details of the processes to separate CO2 from other gas components without considering the industrial applications and synergies between sectors. On the other hand, the second category investigates the required infrastructure that must be put in place to allow a suitable integration without considering the specific particularities of each carbon capture technology. This review gives a comprehensive guideline for the implementation of CC technologies for any given application while also considering the coupling between different energy sectors such as heating, power generation, etc. It also identifies the research gaps within this field, based on the existing literature. Moreover, it delves into various aspects and characteristics of these technologies, while comparing their energy penalties with the minimum work required for CO2 separation. Additionally, this review investigates the main industrial sectors with CC potential, the necessary transportation infrastructure from the point sources to the end users, and the needs and characteristics of storage facilities, as well as the utilisation of CO2 as a feedstock. Finally, an overview of the computation tools for CC processes and guidelines for their utilisation is given. The guidelines presented in this paper are the first attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the technologies, and their requirements, needed to achieve the cross-sector coupling of CC plants for a wide range of applications. It is strongly believed that these guidelines will benefit all stakeholders in the value chain while enabling an accelerated deployment of these technologies.

Integrated capture and conversion of CO2 to methane using deep eutectic solvents under mild conditions

Addressing the issues of absorbent regeneration, CO2 compression and purification, and energy consumption during transportation in the integrated carbon capture and utilization (ICCU) process, an integrated technology for CO2 capture and hydrogenation conversion has been proposed. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and ethylene glycol (EG) were employed to capture and hydrogenate CO2. When a heterogeneous Ru-based catalyst and a TMG:EG DES were used as a catalytic system, CO2 methanation was achieved under mild conditions (170°C and 8 MPa H2 pressure), with a CH4 yield of up to 75 % and a conversion number (TON) of 148. Importantly, the structure of the DES remained unchanged before and after the reaction, and the catalytic system could be reused three times without significantly diminishing the effectiveness of CO2 hydrogenation. This method not only reduces desorption energy consumption but also benefits from the absorbent’s high specific heat capacity, enabling the absorbent to absorb the heat generated during CO2 hydrogenation and addressing issues such as carbon deposition and catalyst deactivation resulting from poor heat transfer.

Dynamic modeling of post-combustion carbon capture process based on multi-gate mixture-of-experts incorporating dual-stage attention-based encoder-decoder network

Solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology is a promising, near-term solution for decarbonizing power generation and industrial facilities. Model-based process simulation is crucial for the optimal design and operation of the PCC process. Recently, data-driven models have gained attention due to their adaptability, efficient computation and high accuracy. However, the nonlinearity, strong couplings and multi-time scale features of the PCC process pose significant challenges for model identification. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-gate mixture-of-experts incorporating dual-stage attention-based encoder-decoder (MMoE-DAED) network for dynamic modeling of the PCC process under wide operating conditions. An encoder-decoder composed of long short-term memory (LSTM) network is employed to extract features from the time-dependent input data and learn the complex dynamic interactions caused by the inertial and delay properties of the process. Dual-stage attention mechanism is incorporated into the encoder and decoder respectively to select the most relevant input features and their correlations within the time series data. To enhance multi-output prediction accuracy, multi-gate mixture-of-experts (MMoE) framework that considers correlations of multitask learning is implemented. Simulation results using operating data from a PCC experimental setup indicate that the proposed modeling approach accurately predicts the steady-state values and dynamic trends of the CO2 capture rate and stripper bottom temperature over a wide operating range. The RMSE, MAPE and R2 indices for the CO2 capture rate are 2.1592, 0.0295, 0.9641, respectively, and for the stripper bottom temperature are 0.1491, 0.0003, 0.9833, respectively. Validations on a PCC simulator further verify the accuracy and efficiency of the MMoE-DAED model, which enables an 80.87% reduction in computation time compared to the simulator. This paper points to a new direction for the data-driven dynamic modeling of complex energy conversion processes.

A Carbon Capture and Utilization Process for the Production of Solid Carbon Materials from Atmospheric CO2 - Part 2: Carbon Characterization.

This article is the second part of a study reporting the results of a novel carbon capture and utilization (CCU) process, which converts atmospheric CO2 into solid carbon materials. The CCU process combines direct air capture (DAC) with catalytic methanation, which is then followed by methane pyrolysis in a reactor filled with liquid tin. While Part 1 discussed the performance of the overall process and individual process steps regarding conversions and yields, Part 2 characterizes the solid carbon products obtained under various synthesis conditions. The effects of the pyrolysis temperature and the composition of the gas mixture from the methanation step on the solid carbon product are analyzed. Carbon powder is synthesized from methane with either H2 or CO2 as most important impurity. Carbon samples are characterized using SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and XRD analysis. Very thin, disordered carbon flakes, soot aggregates and large carbon onions are identified as the main solid products of the process. Their formation mechanisms in the liquid metal-filled pyrolysis reactor are discussed.

A Carbon Capture and Utilization Process for the Production of Solid Carbon Materials from Atmospheric CO2 - Part 1: Process Performance.

The successful operation of a process that converts atmospheric CO2 into solid carbon products is presented as an alternative to fossil based solid carbon production. In a first step, CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by a direct air capture (DAC) unit. The gas is then mixed with hydrogen and enters a methanation unit. Depending on the operation conditions, gas mixtures consisting of mainly methane with either H2 or CO2 as side-component are obtained. After precipitating the water formed during the methanation step, the remaining gas mixture is fed into a bubble column reactor filled with liquid tin. During the rise of the gas bubbles, methane is thermally split up into hydrogen and solid carbon. The latter is continuously removed from the liquid metal surface as a fine powder by pneumatic conveying. This article is the first of two articles, focusing on the performance of the methanation and methane pyrolysis steps. The experimental results are complemented by thermodynamic analyses and reaction modelling. A detailed analysis of the solid carbon product of the process is presented in the second part.

Landfill-gas-to-biomethane via a new carbon capture and utilization technology: One-pot sodium chloride batch mineralization

A new landfill-gas-to-biomethane route adopts a new carbon capture and utilization process via sodium chloride (NaCl) mineralization. The new process exports chlorine (Cl2), dense carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). Process absorbs CO2 from landfill-gas with aqueous NaOH/Na2CO3 in batch multi-purpose columns that execute several processing steps in one-pot; namely: CO2 absorption; sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) precipitation; NaHCO3 filtration driven by pressurized CO2; NaHCO3 breakage to Na2CO3 via hot CO2 injection; Na2CO3 cooling via cold CO2 injection; and solid Na2CO3 disposal through column lateral doors. The one-pot columns avoid investment with several steady-state complex equipment like bubble-columns, centrifuges, filters, solid dryers, heaters, mud pumps and solid transporters. The depleted solvent from the one-pot columns is regenerated via steady-state, high current-density, brine electrolysis wherein solvent continually feeds cathodes, while brine continually feeds anodes as sodium source. Sodium reaches the cathode through selective Flemion F9010 ion-exchange membrane. CO2 is partially mineralized to Na2CO3 and partially exported as supercritical CO2. Process output-ratios per captured CO2 are: 1.159kgNa2CO3/kg, 0.7754kgCl2/kg, 0.4299kgCH4/kg, 0.0219kgGREEN−H2/kg and 0.51875kgCO2/kg, while the input-ratios are 1.2782kgNaCl/kg, 0.197kgH2O/kg and 1.7495kWh/kg. The new landfill-gas-to-biomethane (480,000Nm3/d landfill-gas) was evaluated environmentally and techno-economically reaching 48.6MMUSD investment, 112MMUSD/y revenues and 418.34MMUSD net value (30 years).

Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis of Carbonation Reaction for Enhanced CO2 Capture

An in-depth investigation into CaO-based carbonation reaction kinetics for CO2 sorption is being conducted using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), with the application of advanced thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Utilizing advanced thermal analysis system for real-time monitoring of simultaneous measurements of mass changes and thermal effects are conducted, ensuring precision and versatility in data acquisition. The study explores the intricacies of the non-isothermal carbonation process across a wide range of temperatures, shedding light on the temperature-dependent trends in reaction rates. Innovative statistical methods, combining regression techniques and Arrhenius equation, are employed to determine energy and reaction kinetics. The sensitivity of carbonation process to varying pressure conditions is meticulously examined in the study, providing pivotal discernment for optimization of reaction parameters across diverse applications. The integration of STA with statistical modeling alongside systematic analysis of temperature-dependent trends and pressure-order relationships not only enhances the understanding of CO2 capture efficiency but also improves the robustness and accuracy of the findings. Furthermore, meticulous cross-validation with existing studies provides a critical evaluation of the experimental approach’s precision and limitations. This study enhances understanding of CaO carbonation kinetics, providing practical implications for carbon capture processes and contributing to sustainable industrial processes.

Techno-economic analysis and optimisation of Piperazine-based Post-combustion carbon capture and CO2 compression process for large-scale biomass-fired power plants through simulation

This study aims to investigate a cost-effective and energy-efficient amine-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) process for large-scale supercritical biomass-fired power plants (SC BFPP). Thus, we have quantified the energy and economic performance of the PCC process with different configurations and solvents. Three process configurations which included the standard configuration, the absorber intercooler (AIC) with the advanced flash stripper (AFS) and the AIC, AFS and side stream extraction (SSE) were simulated in Aspen Plus® V11 using 30 wt% and 40 wt% piperazine (PZ) as solvent. In addition to this, CO2 compression trains using the heat pump (HP) and supercritical CO2 cycle (s-CO2) were also simulated. Sensitivity analysis of the PCC process was carried out to investigate the impact of important parameters on the energy performance of the process. Furthermore, energy analysis shows that a minimum energy consumption of 2.78 GJ/tCO2 was achieved with the PCC process using 40 wt% PZ, a combination of the AIC, AFS and SSE for capture and s-CO2 for compression. This achieved a significant energy saving of 1.01 GJ/tCO2 compared with the standard PCC process using 30 wt% monoethanolamine that is used as the benchmark in this study. The economic analysis results showed that the minimum CO2 capture cost of 55.70 $/tCO2 was achieved using the AIC-AFS-SSE-sCO2 configuration and 40 wt% PZ as solvent. This represents a 19.5 % reduction in cost compared with the standard 40 wt% PZ process with a cost of 69.18 $/tCO2. The optimisation of the PZ-based PCC process was carried out to determine the optimal solvent concentration with the minimum carbon capture cost. It was found that the optimal PZ concentration for the PCC process based on standard and AFS configurations were 37.5 wt% and 32.5 wt%, respectively. The optimisation of the stripper pressure for the minimum carbon capture cost was conducted. As a result, compared with the standard PCC process using 40 wt% PZ, the energy consumption and CO2 capture cost of the optimised process at the suggested pressure of 7 bar were reduced by 41.6 % and 32.4 %, respectively.

Industrial-scale 12-layered-bed vacuum pressure swing adsorption for fuel cell-grade H2 production from carbon-captured steam methane reforming syngas

Vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) is primarily used to produce high-purity H2 from CO2-rich syngas in steam methane reforming (SMR) plants. Since carbon capture is essential, the performance of current H2 VPSA processes is affected by feeding carbon-captured SMR syngas (CO2-lean SMR syngas). This study conducted the performance evaluation and optimization for a fuel cell-grade H2 production by an industrial-scale 12-layered-bed VPSA process with a 24-step cycle from CO2-lean SMR syngas. The multi-scale dynamic model for the VPSA process was validated with petrochemical industry data from a current SMR-VPSA plant. A sensitivity analysis using CO2-lean SMR syngas indicated the high loss of H2 during desorption steps, suggesting the need for optimization of the VPSA process. Owing to the complex interconnectivity of 12 beds via 24 steps, the framework of a dynamic model-based deep neural network (DNN) and DNN-based optimization was developed to design and optimize the VPSA process. Even without changing equipment or adsorbent configuration, the VPSA process achieved fuel cell-grade H2 production (>99.9999 % H2 and > 88 % recovery with < 0.2 ppm CO). The results indicate that CO2 capture rates, ranging from 90 to 99 %, can be independently determined under techno-economic and environmental conditions, as this capture range of CO2-lean SMR syngas gives a minor impact on the performance of VPSA process. The proposed three-step framework, which encompasses dynamic modeling, surrogate modeling, and multi-objective optimization, provides a systematic and feasible approach for designing and optimizing the VPSA process in an SMR plant integrated with a carbon capture process, to achieve a low-carbon economy.

A simulation-based techno-economic-safety-social-environmental decision-making framework for prioritizing plastic waste treatment processes

Chemical recycling technologies hold promising potential in converting mixed plastic waste into energy and chemicals. This study proposed a simulation-based quantitative life cycle sustainability assessment framework for the potential plastic waste valorization processes. Sustainability metrics including environment, economy, safety, society, and energy were quantified and comprehensively investigated. Based on the Bayesian best-worst weighting and vector-based ranking methods, the normalized and weighted life cycle sustainability scores were used to prioritize the best process. Gasification-based technology was found superior than incineration-based technology, especially in the economic, techno-energetic, and social aspects. However, incinerated-based process with direct CO2 emissions performed better in the environmental aspects compared with the process integrating with carbon capture and utilization unit. Additional environmental burdens were brought to the system when incorporating the carbon capture and methanol synthesis process. Increased system complexity might bring unexpected environmental burdens, and sometimes even outweighed the benefits. Various weights were assigned to the multi-criteria decision-making model, and the gasification-based process consistently ranked first across all scenarios.

An efficient carbon-neutral power and methanol polygeneration system based on biomass decarbonization and CO2 hydrogenation: Thermodynamic and economic analysis

This study presents a novel approach to enhance methanol synthesis (MS) efficiency through integration with an MEA-based decarbonized biomass direct-fired power plant (BFPP-CCS). The integration optimizes the utilization of chemical energy from feedstocks by combining exothermic MS reactions with diverse thermal energies, which effectively captures chemical energy through synergistic utilization from MS and various thermal inputs. Gradual methanol conversion maximizes both its chemical and fuel properties. Through such integration, the enhancement of waste heat and purge gas utilization in MS and BFPP carbon capture processes results in a 3.42 MW improvement in power generation and a 26.0 % reduction in associated energy penalties from CCS. Analysis of a 150 kton/yr MS facility and a 35 MW BFPP-CCS demonstrates 2.87 % increase in overall efficiency and reduction in CCS heat consumption by 1.03 GJ/tCO2. Moreover, this integrated approach yields a 33.1 M$ NPV increase and 3.4 years DPP decrease, achieving carbon-neutral power and liquid fuels production. Sensitivity analysis indicates the polygeneration system performs optimally around 250 °C and 60 bar, with a preference for 0.90 MS recycle ratio. Additionally, factors such as carbon recovery rate, electrolysis efficiency, and fixed carbon content in biomass are quantitatively revealed as crucial for maximizing carbon mitigation potential.