Carbon Capture And Storage Research Research Articles

Identifying and Understanding Microbial Methanogenesis in CO2 Storage.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important component in many national net-zero strategies. Ensuring that CO2 can be safely and economically stored in geological systems is critical. To date, CCS research has focused on the physiochemical behavior of CO2, yet there has been little consideration of the subsurface microbial impact on CO2 storage. However, recent discoveries have shown that microbial processes (e.g., methanogenesis) can be significant. Importantly, methanogenesis may modify the fluid composition and the fluid dynamics within the storage reservoir. Such changes may subsequently reduce the volume of CO2 that can be stored and change the mobility and future trapping systematics of the evolved supercritical fluid. Here, we review the current knowledge of how microbial methanogenesis could impact CO2 storage, including the potential scale of methanogenesis and the range of geologic settings under which this process operates. We find that methanogenesis is possible in all storage target types; however, the kinetics and energetics of methanogenesis will likely be limited by H2 generation. We expect that the bioavailability of H2 (and thus potential of microbial methanogenesis) will be greatest in depleted hydrocarbon fields and least within saline aquifers. We propose that additional integrated monitoring requirements are needed for CO2 storage to trace any biogeochemical processes including baseline, temporal, and spatial studies. Finally, we suggest areas where further research should be targeted in order to fully understand microbial methanogenesis in CO2 storage sites and its potential impact.

Application of machine learning in carbon capture and storage: An in-depth insight from the perspective of geoscience

Greenhouse gas emissions cause serious global climate change, and it is urgent to curb CO2 emissions. As the last-guaranteed technology to reduce carbon emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is emerging and has the potential to become an important choice to mitigate the greenhouse effect in the future. Forward-looking project deployment and accurate forecasting techniques occupy an indispensable position in CCS. Machine learning (ML), one of the fastest developing intelligent technology fields at present era, is considered as a substantial means to realize forecast demand relying on computer science and data statistics. This work provided a comprehensive review of ML applications in CCS, based on classical ML methods and mainstream research directions in CCS. The study shown that ML algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) were widely used, mainly for predicting physical properties, evaluating mechanical stability, and monitoring CO2 plume migration and leakage during CO2 storage. Support vector machine (SVM) was generally combined with other ML methods for the prediction of petrophysical properties and sensitivity analysis of influencing factors. Deep learning (DL) algorithms, represented by generative adversarial network (GAN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), had shown good results in real-time monitoring of CO2 migration and leakage. Decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) were mainly used to establish risk assessment and decision analysis framework, and estimate the success probability of CCS. This review summarized the applications of ML algorithms in CCS and presented the challenges and future prospects, from the geoscience perspective. The findings of this work can help for better understanding of the key role played by ML in CCS, as well as guiding the selection of ML algorithms and the development of new models in CCS research.

Measuring technological collaborations on carbon capture and storage based on patents: A social network analysis approach

With huge technical potential, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely regarded as an important means of addressing climate change. International technological collaboration on CCS appears particularly crucial to help expedite commercial-scale deployment globally. This study investigates CCS patents and measures technological collaborations among CCS research communities by looking at a global patent cooperation network. Using a social network analysis method, network properties, network actors and cohesive subgroups were examined. The collaborative strength of patentees is also investigated, along with an analysis of the breadth and depth of technological collaboration. The results show that the overall collaboration network of CCS is still at an early stage of development; CCS enterprises and relevant R&D organizations have not established close partnerships. Based on the findings, two suggestions are proposed in order to promote more successful technological collaborations, including the creation of CCS patent pools and the construction of CCS knowledge sharing platforms.

Research trends in carbon capture and storage: A comparison of China with Canada

In order to effectively address climate change, academia and industry have paid much attention to the development trend of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). However, there is no mature CCS research trend monitoring system. China is likely to be the largest market for CCS technology in the future, while Canada is the first country to start the research and development of CCS. Existing studies have discussed the CCS research trends at the global level, in China, Canada, and in other countries. However, few comparative studies have been carried out in key countries. In this study, an integrated method of bibliometrics and S-Curve is proposed with the purpose of comparing CCS research trends between China and Canada. Firstly, the bibliometrics method was used to compare the conceptual structure and research route of CCS research in China and in Canada. Secondly, the key collaborators were indentified through the comparison of collaboration relationships. Finally, the S-Curve model was employed to forecast the CCS research output trend in China and Canada. This study found that China's CCS research had the advantage of pre-combustion carbon capture, while Canada's advantage lied in the ecosystem carbon sequestration. It was also shown that Canada’s CCS cumulative publication may reach saturation 15 years later than that in China. This paper provides insight into the CCS research and development optimization for China, Canada and globally. The CCS research trends comparison tools proposed in this study can benefit to monitor the CCS research by governments and enterprises.

Perspectives on The Techno-Economic Analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required in order to reduce the impact of fossil fuel burning on global warming and the resulting climate change. The use of CCS technology offers much promise in regard to the capture of major levels of waste carbon dioxide produced from the burning of fossil fuels for electricity generation and from industrial processes. Crucial to the development of CCS technology is the need for improved decision-making tools to underpin sustainable investment and associated policy initiatives for CCS technology and infrastructure. Consequently, this paper provides the results from the techno-economic analysis of CCS. This includes regression modelling of the levelized cost of electricity for power generation via combined cycle gas turbine both with and without CCS. In order to inform future research in the area, a supporting CCS research agenda has been formulated.

CCS and the energy trilemma

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an emissions reduction technology that can be applied to all fuel sources for energy production (gas, coal and biofuel). In addition, it is the only available option to reduce emissions from industrial processes. It has enormous potential for global impact by capturing more than 90% of CO2 and other emissions from power plants and industry. It is recognised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as a critical tool in the move to a low‐emission future.

Profiting from CCS Innovations: A Study to Measure Potential Value Creation from CCS Research and Development

Globally, large private and public budgets are invested into carbon capture and storage (CCS) research to provide the knowledge and technology required to mitigate CO2 emissions below a sustainable level. A pertinent question to ask is whether this is the best way of spending limited funds? This paper presents an ongoing study aiming to document the potential value creation from selected CCS innovations created in the international research centre BIGCCS and its successor NCCS. The results indicate that the potential profits by far exceed the investment.

A Study on the Evolution of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology Based on Knowledge Mapping

As a useful technical measure to deal with the problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been highly regarded in both theory and practice under the promotion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Knowledge mapping is helpful for understanding the evolution in terms of research topics and emerging trends in a specific domain. In this work knowledge mapping of CCS technology was investigated using CiteSpace. Several aspects of the outputs of publications in the CCS research area were analyzed, such as annual trends, countries, and institutions. The research topics in this particular technology area were analyzed based on their co-occurring keyword networks and co-citation literature networks, while, the emerging trends and research frontiers were studied through the analysis of burst keywords and citation bursts. The results indicated that the annual number of publications in the research field of CCS technology increased rapidly after 2005. There are more CCS studies published in countries from Asia, North America, and Europe, especially in the United States and China. The Chinese Academy of Sciences not only has the largest number of publications, but also has a greater impact on the research area of CCS technology, however, there are more productive institutions located in developed countries. In the research area of CCS technology, the main research topics include carbon emissions and environmental protection, research and development activities, and social practical issues, meanwhile, the main emerging trends include emerging techniques and processes, emerging materials, evaluation of technological performance, and socioeconomic analysis.

CCS Research Development and Deployment in a Clean Energy Future: Lessons from Australia over the Past Two Decades

Abstract There is widespread, though by no means universal, recognition of the importance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a carbon mitigation technology. However, the rate of deployment does not match what is required for global temperatures to stay well below 2 °C. Although some consider the hurdles to achieving the widespread application of CCS to be almost insurmountable, a more optimistic view is that a great deal is now known about CCS through research, demonstration, and deployment. We know how to do it; we are confident it can be done safely and effectively; we know what it costs; and we know that costs are decreasing and will continue to do so. We also know that the world will need CCS as long as countries, companies, and communities continue to use fossil fuels for energy and industrial processes. What is lacking are the necessary policy drivers, along with a technology-neutral approach to decrease carbon emissions in a cost-effective and timely manner while retaining the undoubted benefits of ready access to reliable and secure electricity and energy-intensive industrial products. In this paper, Australia is used as an example of what has been undertaken in CCS over the past 20 years, particularly in research and demonstration, but also in international collaboration. Progress in the large-scale deployment of CCS in Australia has been too slow. However, the world’s largest storage project will soon be operational in Australia as part of the Gorgon liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, and investigations are underway into several large-scale CCS Flagship program opportunities. The organization and progress of the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) Otway Project, which is currently Australia’s only operational storage project, is discussed in some detail because of its relevance to the commercial deployment of CCS. The point is made that there is scope for building on this Otway activity to investigate more broadly (through the proposed Otway Stage 3 and Deep Earth Energy and Environment Programme (AusDEEP)) the role of the subsurface in carbon reduction. There are challenges ahead if CCS is to be deployed as widely as bodies such as the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) consider to be necessary. Closer international collaboration in CCS will be essential to meeting that challenge.

Analysis of the European CCS Research and Innovation Landscape

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion have more than doubled in the past 40 years. For this reason, a forward-looking approach to carbon capture and storage (CCS) for the power and industrial sectors is considered as critical to reaching the 2050 climate objectives in a cost-effective way and listed among the research and innovation priorities of the Energy Union. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indicator-based description of the CCS research and innovation landscape in Europe. Particular attention is given to the assessment of the consistency of financial flows to R&D and the analysis of specific features of the technological achievements made.

A Collaborative Approach to School Community Engagement with a Local CCS Project

The future of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment requires research on geological, technical, economic, community and educational fronts. A program that has been running since 2009, CSIRO's Sustainable Futures – CarbonKids, is an education program that combines the latest in climate science with education for sustainability, with a strong focus on carbon.In 2012 the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI) funded the CSIRO to develop and deliver ‘carbon capture and storage’ educational materials to be embedded into wider sustainability educational resources under the banner of CarbonKids, now Sustainable Futures - CarbonKids. Resources include a wealth of cross-curricular activities to support the teaching of sustainability and the environment in the classroom, school and community.The Western Australian Department of Mines and Petroleum (WA DMP) is conducting the pre-feasibility phase of the South West Hub CCS Project (SW Hub) in the South West region of Western Australia. CSIRO Sustainable Futures – CarbonKids program partnered with WA DMP in 2013 to implement an innovative and unique approach to educating teachers, students and the community in the science and understanding of the carbon cycle and CCS. This partnership provides schools registered with Sustainable Futures – CarbonKids a suite of educational resources including carbon and CCS activities. Access to the program also provides opportunities for teachers and students to meet and learn from representatives of WA DMP, and research scientists from WA DMP's research partner the National Geosequestration Laboratory (NGL), who work collaboratively on the SW Hub. This brings real life science into the classroom; providing students and teachers with examples of local scientific knowledge being used to solve problems and enhancing their understanding of the effects of their personal actions relating to energy and carbon, which is an important learning requirement within school curricula. The aim of the collaboration with the SW Hub is to provide information and the opportunity for learning from a real world case (the SW Hub CCS project) which will increase awareness of carbon and the environment in schools, and improve students’ understanding of activities relating to carbon, energy and low carbon technology CCS research.

Considerations in the Development of Flexible CCS Networks

This paper discusses considerations for the design of flexibly operated Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) pipeline networks and is based on the findings of the Flexible CCS Network Development project (FleCCSnet), funded as part of the UK CCS Research Centre. The project considered the impact of flexibility across the whole CCS chain, as well as studying the interfaces between each element of the system; e.g. at the entry to the pipeline system from the capture plant and at the exit from the pipeline to the storage site. The factors identified are intended to allow CCS network designers to determine the degree of flexibility in the system; allowing them to react effectively to short, medium and long term variations in the flow of CO2 from capture plants and the constraints imposed on the system by CO2 injection and storage.The work of the project is reviewed in this paper which explores the flexibility of power plants operating with post combustion capture systems; quantifies the available time to store (line pack) CO2 in the pipeline as a function of pipeline size, the inlet mass flow rate and operating pressure; and explores the influence that uncertainty in injection and storage parameters have on the design of the pipeline. In addition, parameters influencing short and longer term network designs are discussed in terms of varying flow rates. Two practitioner workshops [1,2] contributed to the direction of the project. The first workshop identified and confirmed key questions to be considered in order to understand the most likely impacts of variability in both the CO2 sources and CO2 sinks on CO2 transport system design and operation. The second workshop focused on transient issues in the pipeline and storage site.Although the case studies in the work are UK based, this work is applicable to other situations where large and small sources of CO2 are expected to be feeding into a CCS transportation system. The work is expected to inform a broad range of stakeholders and allow network designers to anticipate potential problems associated with the operation of a CCS network. For an effective design of CCS infrastructure, all of the factors that will have a substantial impact on CO2 flow will have to be analysed at an early stage to prevent possible bottle necks in the whole chain.

The European Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure (ECCSEL)

The transition to a non-emitting energy mix for power generation will take decades. This transition will need to be sustainable, e.g. economically affordable. Fossil fuels which are abundant have an important role to play in this respect, provided that Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is progressively implemented. CCS is the only way to reduce emissions from energy intensive industries.Thus, the need for upgraded and new CCS research facilities is widely recognised among stakeholders across Europe, as emphasised by the Zero Emissions Platform (ZEP) [1] and the European Energy Research Alliance on CCS (EERA-CCS) [2].The European Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Laboratory Infrastructure, ECCSEL, provides funders, operators and researchers with significant benefits by offering access to world-class research facilities that, in many cases, are unlikely for a single nation to support in isolation. This implies creation of synergy and the avoidance of duplication as well as streamlining of funding for research facilities.ECCSEL offers open access to its advanced laboratories for talented scientists and visiting researchers to conduct cutting-edge research.In the planning of ECCSEL, gap analyses were performed and CCS technologies have been reviewed to underpin and envisage the future experimental setup; 1) Making use of readily available facilities, 2) Modifying existing facilities, and 3) Planning and building entirely new advanced facilities.The investments required for the first ten years (2015–2025) are expected to be in the range of €80–120 million. These investments show the current level of ambition, as proposed during the preparatory phase (2011–2014).Entering the implementation phase in 2015, 9 European countries signed Letter of Intent (LoI) to join a ECCSEL legal entity: France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Greece, Norway and Switzerland (active observer). As the EU ERIC-regulation [3] would offer the most suitable legal framework for ECCSEL, the host country, Norway, will apply for establishing ERIC as the ECCSEL Research Infrastructure (RI) legal entity in 2017. Until the ECCSEL ERIC is approved by the European Commission (probably by summer 2017), an interim MoU agreement for the implementation phase of ECCSEL RI has been signed by 13 research institutions and universities representing the 9 countries. A consortium of these partners were granted 3 million EURO from Horizon 2020 to boost implementation of ECCSEL from September 2015 and two years onwards.

Why CCS? Milestone on Research and Regulation Coverages

<p>Further to Kyoto Protocol, again in 2009 G-20 Pittsburg Summit, Indonesia delivered the commitment on reducing 26% on its emission level. Moreover, as non-annex 1 country, Indonesia shows strong and bold commitment in supporting reduction on increased concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as burning the fossil fuels and deforestation. From the energy sector, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is known as a process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources and depositing it normally at an underground geological formation. CCS becomes now as one of the possible supports to the country commitment. In Indonesia, the potential of CCS applications could be conducted in the gas fields with high content of CO2 and in almost depleted oil fields (by applying CO2-Enchanced Oil Recovery (EOR) The CCS approach could also be conducted in order to increase hydrocarbon production, and at the same time the produced CO2 will be injected and storage it back to the earth. Thus, CCS is a mitigation process in enhancing carbon emission reduction caused by green house effect from production hydrocarbon fields.</p><p>This paper will show a proposed milestone on CCS Research roadmap, as steps to be taken in reaching the objective. The milestone consists of the study for identifying potential CO2 sources, evaluating CO2 storage sites, detail study related to CO2 storage selection, CO2 injection, and CO2 injection monitoring. Through these five steps, one can expect to be able to comprehend road map of CCS Research. Through this research milestone, applications of CCS should also be conducted based on the regulatory coverage milestone. From this paper, it is hoped that one can understand the upstream activities starting with research milestone to the very end downstream activities regarding to the regulation coverage bound. </p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong></em>: CCS, reduction of carbon emission, regulation umbrella </p>

Evolution of carbon capture and storage research: Trends of international collaborations and knowledge maps

This study investigates the evolutionary trends of the international collaborations among the research community of carbon capture and storage (CCS) by looking at the collaboration network of countries publishing on CCS. The study also examines the evolution of major research topics in this field by exploring the co-occurrence network of keywords associated with CCS publications. The analysis is carried out based on the CCS related publications extracted from Scopus.com from 1980 to 2013. From the number of annual CCS publications, it seems that CCS research has closely followed the trend of international negotiations on climate change mitigation. The study elaborates how both international collaboration network and knowledge structure of the field have notably developed and interlinked over the years especially after 2005 during which almost 94% of the publications appeared.

Optical assessment of impact and recovery of sedimentary pH profiles in ocean acidification and carbon capture and storage research

Available methods for measuring the impact of ocean acidification (OA) and leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) on marine sedimentary pH profiles are unsuitable for replicated experimental setups. To overcome this issue, a novel optical sensor application is presented, using off-the-shelf optode technology (MOPP). The application is validated using microprofiling, during a CCS leakage experiment, where the impact and recovery from a high CO2 plume was investigated in two types of natural marine sediment. MOPP offered user-friendliness, speed of data acquisition, robustness to sediment type, and large sediment depth range. This ensemble of characteristics overcomes many of the challenges found with other pH measuring methods, in OA and CCS research. The impact varied greatly between sediment types, depending on baseline pH variability and sediment permeability. Sedimentary pH profile recovery was quick, with profiles close to control conditions 24h after the cessation of the leak. However, variability of pH within the finer sediment was still apparent 4 days into the recovery phase. Habitat characteristics need therefore to be considered, to truly disentangle high CO2 perturbation impacts on benthic systems. Impacts on natural communities depend not only on the pH gradient caused by perturbation, but also on other processes that outlive the perturbation, adding complexity to recovery.

Communication approaches for carbon capture and storage: Underlying assumptions of limited versus extensive public engagement

A pertinent issue in the literature on communication on emerging technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) concerns the degree to which the public is actively involved in the communication process. While researchers have highlighted the pros and cons of limited versus extensive public engagement, the assumptions underlying various communication approaches have been largely neglected. Illuminating assumptions are important for scholarly understandings of what influences communication and for practitioner reflexive awareness in designing communication plans. This paper explores assumptions made about senders and receivers when involving the public to various degrees in CCS communication and how these assumptions relate to different communication objectives. We describe two contrasting communication approaches, the transmission and participatory approaches, relating them to CCS characteristics and research. We find that CCS communication may, deliberately or not, be based on different assumptions about the social framing of CCS concerning who should formulate the message, the public's ability to understand complex science, the public's interest in helping frame CCS, and whether public opinions should be taken into account. These assumptions also relate to different communication objectives – convincing the public or increasing dialogue – implying different communication fora, predictability, and input.

Utilizing Rare Earth Elements as Tracers in High TDS Reservoir Brines in CCS Applications

Abstract In this paper we report the result of research associated with the testing of a procedures necessary for utilizing natural occurring trace elements, specifically the Rare Earth Elements (REE) as geochemical tracers in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applications. Trace elements, particularly REE may be well suited to serve as in situ tracers for monitoring geochemical conditions and the migration of CO 2 -charged waters within CCS storage systems. We have been conducting studies to determine the efficacy of using REE as a tracer and characterization tool in the laboratory, at a CCS analogue site in Soda Springs, Idaho, and at a proposed CCS reservoir at the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming. Results from field and laboratory studies have been encouraging and show that REE may be an effective tracer in CCS systems and overlying aquifers. In recent years, a series of studies using REE as a natural groundwater tracer have been conducted successfully at various locations around the globe. Additionally, REE and other trace elements have been successfully used as in situ tracers to describe the evolution of deep sedimentary Basins. Our goal has been to establish naturally occurring REE as a useful monitoring measuring and verification (MMV) tool in CCS research because formation brine chemistry will be particularly sensitive to changes in local equilibrium caused by the addition of large volumes of CO 2 . Because brine within CCS target formations will have been in chemical equilibrium with the host rocks for millions of years, the addition of large volumes of CO 2 will cause reactions in the formation that will drive changes to the brine chemistry due to the pH change caused by the formation of carbonic acid. This CO 2 driven change in formation fluid chemistry will have a major impact on water rock reaction equilibrium in the formation, which will impart a change in the REE fingerprint of the brine that can measured and be used to monitor in situ reservoir conditions. Our research has shown that the REE signature imparted to the formation fluid by the introduction of CO 2 to the formation, can be measured and tracked as part of an MMV program. Additionally, this REE fingerprint may serve as an ideal tracer for fluid migration, both within the CCS target formation, and should formation fluids migrate into overlying aquifers. However application of REE and other trace elements to CCS system is complicated by the high salt content of the brines contained within the target formations. In the United States by regulation, in order for a geologic reservoir to be considered suitable for carbon storage, it must contain formation brine with total dissolved solids (TDS) > 10,000 ppm, and in most cases formation brines have TDS well in excess of that threshold. The high salinity of these brines creates analytical problems for elemental analysis, including element interference with trace metals in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) (i.e. element mass overlap due to oxide or plasma phenomenon). Additionally, instruments like the ICP-MS that are sensitive enough to measure trace elements down to the parts per trillion level are quickly oversaturated when water TDS exceeds much more than 1,000 ppm. Normally this problem is dealt with through dilution of the sample, bringing the water chemistry into the instruments working range. However, dilution is not an option when analyzing these formation brines for trace metals, because trace elements, specifically the REE, which occur in aqueous solutions at the parts per trillion levels. Any dilution of the sample would make REE detection impossible. Therefore, the ability to use trace metals as in situ natural tracers in high TDS brines environments requires the development of methods for pre-concentrating trace elements, while reducing the salinity and associated elemental interference such that the brines can be routinely analyzed by standard ICP-MS methods. As part of the Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Project the INL-CAES has developed a rapid, easy to use process that pre-concentrates trace metals, including REE, up to 100x while eliminating interfering ions (e.g. Ba, Cl). The process is straightforward, inexpensive, and requires little infrastructure, using only a single chromatography column with inexpensive, reusable, commercially available resins and wash chemicals. The procedure has been tested with synthetic brines (215,000 ppm or less TDS) and field water samples (up to 5,000 ppm TDS). Testing has produced data of high quality with REE capture efficiency exceeding 95%, while reducing interfering elements by > 99%.

Steering CCS Research and Development to Optimise Benefits of Implementing CCS in the Netherlands

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) could play a significant role in curbing worldwide CO2 emissions. In this study we explore the economic value that CCS research, development and deployment (RD&D) could bring to the Netherlands. We focus on the innovations in CCS technologies or services to estimate what long-term cost benefits can be achieved by investing in CCS RD&D. We also investigate the potential value to the Dutch economy if Netherland-based enterprises attain a significant domestic and export market in CCS technology and thereby creating economic benefits in the form of turnover, value added and employment.

Developing National CCS Capacity and Advanced Skills: Examples from the UK

Rapidly training researchers involved in carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advancing fundamental understanding of the entire chain is vital to achieve CCS deployment in a timescale aligned with global emission reduction targets. This paper introduces a number of initiatives that are building UK CCS capacity, focussing on activities involving the academic community such as the UK CCS Research Centre (www.ukccsrc.ac.uk) and a number of postgraduate training programmes. These and other examples illustrate the benefits associated with academic-industry collaboration, as well as providing valuable opportunities to accelerate development of suitably trained people and CCS technology in an academic context.