Car Wash Research Articles

Car wash wastewater treatment combination: A systematic review

Car wash wastewater is a source of water pollution. Processing car wash waste is crucial to prevent environmental pollution. In this issue, car wash treatment has the potential to sustain of clean water. However, the effective treatment of car wash wastewater is still being determined, complicated to solve, limited resource capabilities, inadequate surrounding environmental support, and very expensive processing costs. This systematic review paper aims to review the combination technology of car wash wastewater treatment systematically. A literature survey was conducted, and 11 research articles were found suitable for inclusion in the investigation, which extracted information, country of origin, and method used. The best 8 of 11 articles were removed as secondary data for writing this manuscript to be included in the analysis table. Studies on flocculation-column-flotation, coagulation-flocculation, ultra-microfiltration, coagulation-flocculation, electrocoagulation, sedimentation-filtration, filtration-ozonation, electrocoagulation-adsorption, and each n=1. This systematic review shows that ultrafiltration and microfiltration membrane treatment methods effectively remove pollutants from car wash wastewater.

Characteristics of Nonylphenol and Octylphenol Discharge from Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Southern Gyeonggi-do

This study aimed to evaluate the discharge characteristics of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the effluent of wastewater treatment facilities in the southern Gyeonggi-do. The detection rates of NP and OP were found to be 39.3% and 43.1%, respectively, with median values ranging from 1 to 3 μg/L across all industries. The industries that showed a detection rate of 50% or more were car wash, chemical experiment, fabric leather, paper wood, and plating facilities, with rates ranging from 50% to 75%, while other industries had detection rates of 21.7% to 36.8%. In terms of facility size, small-size establishments such as Type 4 and Type 5 showed higher detection rates in the "Na" region where somewhat relaxed standards are applied on a regional basis. This is because the proportion of Type 4 and Type 5 industries, including various concentration distributions of chemical experiments, research facilities, car washes, petrochemical, and plating industries, is higher than 77.7% overall and concentrated at a rate of 55.6% or higher in the “Na” region. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient (R) between NP and OP exhibited moderate association with values of 0.45 and 0.60 for car washes and plating industries, respectively. Chemical experiments, paper and wood, electrical and electronic, and medicine and hospital facilities showed strong association with correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.82, 0.82, and 0.79, respectively. The findings in this study can be expected to serve as fundamental data for NP and OP in the establishment of water quality pollutants designation and discharge standards (draft) currently being pursued.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Persediaan Pada Bengkel Yuwa Motor

Yuwa Motoe Workshop is a company engaged in the sale of services and spare parts. Such as car washing, car service, and sales of car equipment and others. The process of data collection of incoming goods and goods out of stock inventory when searching for goods data is still using the manual method. Therefore, this system is expected to help make it easier to record inventory of goods entering goods out of the business of selling services and spare parts. Given the importance of collecting and storing data from each of these sales activities, this accounting information system only requires an internet network to access it. This system is expected to help the Yuwa Motor Workshop business in recording inventory. The result of this research is to produce a web-based inventory information system for incoming and outgoing goods. Provides convenience in providing information on inventory data through incoming goods and outgoing goods using data flow diagrams, DFD, ERD and MySQL for data processing

Effect of plant density and hydraulic retention time on phytoremediation of greywater using water hyacinth and validation of its optimized result using artificial neural network

AbstractWater scarcity is a global issue and finding alternative ways to meet our water needs within available resources is becoming increasingly important. Repurposing greywater for non‐potable uses, such as irrigation and car washing, can help alleviate the demand for drinking water. Greywater recycling and reuse are viable options to combat water scarcity. This study investigated the treatment of greywater using phytoremediation, specifically focusing on the effect of water hyacinth density and hydraulic retention time (HRT). An artificial neural network was used to optimize these parameters in the treatment system. The experiment spanned over 7 weeks and consisted of two phases. In phase I, different water hyacinth densities (ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 kg/m2) were tested, while phase II examined various HRTs (ranging from 12 to 48 h). The results indicated that the optimal conditions for greywater treatment were a water hyacinth density of 2 kg/m2 and an HRT of 48 h. Under these optimal conditions, the treatment system achieved high removal efficiencies for turbidity (98.02 ± 0.75%), chemical oxygen demand (59.42 ± 5.64%), ammonium‐nitrogen (87.45 ± 7.29%), and phosphate (94.50 ± 2.19%). However, the removal of total suspended solids was relatively low at 43.98 ± 9.20%. These findings were confirmed using an artificial neural network, showing a strong correlation (R > 0.99). The study concludes that phytoremediation using water hyacinth can be a viable option for greywater recycling and reuse, effectively addressing water scarcity. The recommended optimal conditions include a water hyacinth density of 2 kg/m2 and an HRT of 48 h.

P-165 Artificial removal of the zona pellucida at the pronuclear stage in patients with poor quality embryos with severe fragmentation

Abstract Study question Is artificial removal of the zona pellucida (ZP) at the pronuclear stage effective in patients with poor quality embryos with severe fragmentation? Summary answer Artificial removal of the ZP at the pronuclear stage significantly improved culture results in patients with poor quality embryos with severe fragmentation. What is known already In 2020, Yumoto et al. first reported that artificial removal of the ZP (ZP-free) at the pronuclear stage decreased the rate of fragmentation and improved the culture outcomes of 3 pronuclei (3PN) embryos reaching to the good blastocysts. Therefore, the ZP may not always be necessary for normal embryonic development after the pronuclear stage. The same group presented at the 37th ESHRE meeting in 2021, that the blastocyst transfer after ZP-free embryo of 2 pronuclei (2PN) resulted in normal pregnancy in two patients with poor-quality embryos resulting in live births. Study design, size, duration This study included 211 of 2PN embryos from 46 cycles for 30 couples obtained between July 2021 and December 2022, whose previous oocyte retrieval cycle showed massive cytoplasmic fragmentation at the first cleavage confirmed by a time-laps incubator (TLI). Average age of women was 38.8years. The embryos with artificial removal of the ZP at the pronuclear stage were cultured in a TLI up to 7 days. All blastocysts were cryopreserved for future embryo transfer cycles. Participants/materials, setting, methods All participants provided written informed consent, and Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Artificial removal of the ZP at the pronuclear stage was performed by following procedure. 1) Embryos were placed in 0.125M sucrose-containing HEPES for cytoplasm shrinking. 2) The ZP without adhesion was removed with a laser system. 3) Ooplasms were completely separated from ZP by blowing the medium to adhesion point like a jet car wash. 4) ZP-free embryo was obtained. Main results and the role of chance Day 3 embryos were divided into 3 groups using the Veeck’s classification: 8 cell embryos with grade 2 or higher were defined as good, embryos with grade 4 or 5 regardless of the number of cells were defined as poor, and others were defined as fair. We compared the culture results of ZP-free cycle and previous oocyte retrieval cycle (ZP-intact). For day 3 embryos, good, fair and poor grade were 19.4% (41/211), 62.6% (132/211) and 18.0% (38/211) in ZP-free embryos compared with 2.9% (15/561), 37.4% (210/561), and 59.9% (336/561) in the past, respectively (p < 0.001). Good-quality blastocysts were defined as 3BB or more on day 5 by the Gardner’s classification. As to the blastocysts, blastocysts development and good-quality blastocysts rates were 45.0% (95/211) and 27.0% (57/211) in ZP-free embryos compared with 23.0% (112/488) and 6.8% (33/488) in the past, respectively (p < 0.001). Of these, 30 embryo transfers were performed resulting in 11 clinical pregnancies. We had 3 live births without any congenital anomalies and one miscarriage. One was delivered at 33 weeks of gestation with caesarian section, one mother had gestational diabetes. Limitations, reasons for caution This study was retrospective study without any control group and was conducted at only single fertility center. It is necessary to conduct sibling oocytes study to demonstrate the effectiveness of ZP-free culture, and to create criteria who are benefit from ZP-free culture. Moreover, safety of ZP-free culture should be evaluated. Wider implications of the findings ZP-free culture reduced fragments and improved culture outcomes in patients with poor quality embryos with severe fragmentation. ZP-free culture might bring light to the patients who have difficulty obtaining good-quality embryos with severe fragmentation. Trial registration number Not Applicable

Simulation of the use of rainwater for car washing at a dealership in Aracaju/SE

The demographic and economic growth of a country automatically generates an increase in the demand for water, which consequently promotes a problem that is socially worsening. Faced with this situation, one of the actions that can be adopted in order to save water, and which has become popular in recent years, is the implementation of systems for capturing and reusing rainwater. In view of the above, this article aims to perform a simulation of the capture and use of rainwater in a vehicle dealership located in the city of Aracaju/SE. Initially based on the roof area and rainfall data for the years 2016 to 2020, the volume of water captured by the roof was calculated, and finally, the percentage of consumption that could be met with the use of this water was estimated, in this case, the washing of vehicles, and the impact generated on the local urban drainage network was analyzed. In the analyzed period, the average monthly demand was 30.0 m³, the monthly volume collected by the roof resulted in an average of 301.8 m³ and the average monthly reduction in the volume of water thrown into the drainage network was of the order of 30, 7%. It is concluded that rainwater fully meets the estimated demand, the use of rainwater reservoir positively impacts the drainage network, and for this, it must be used on a large scale.

Treatability Study of Car Wash Wastewater Using Upgraded Physical Technique with Sustainable Flocculant

Grease, oil, hydrocarbon residues, heavy metals, and surfactants are all present in car wash wastewater (CWW), which all can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. This study was designed to assess CWW treatment using an upgraded physical technique combined with a range of conventional and more sustainable coagulants. Physical treatment effectively lowered the oil and grease (O&G) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the CWW by 79 ± 15% and 97 ± 1.6%, respectively. Additional treatment was provided using chemical coagulation–flocculation–settling. In jar test studies, humic acid (HA) and alum were found to provide significantly higher turbidity removal, 79.2 ± 3.1% and 69.8 ± 8.0%, respectively, than anionic polyacrylamide (APA), 7.9 ± 5.6% under influent turbidity values from 89 to 1000 NTU. Overall physical/chemical treatment of CWW yielded 97.3 ± 0.8% COD removal, and 99.2 ± 0.4% O&G removal using HA and alum. Due to the numerous problems created when using synthetic coagulants, naturally occurring coagulants that have no impact on human health, such as HA, are highly desirable options. The findings of this study show that treating CWW provides several advantages for sustainable development, health and well-being, and raising public knowledge and support for water reuse.

The Quest for Survival: Street Children and the Informal Sector in Zimbabwe

Despite an increase in studies focusing on street children in Zimbabwe, there is limited research on street children in the informal sector. In this article, I explore the informal activities of street children in their quest to survive on the streets of the Harare Metropolitan Municipality in Zimbabwe. The survey data were derived from 202 street children aged between 6 and 18 years who were purposively selected in the Harare Metropolitan Province. A descriptive research design and a questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data. The article draws from the resilience theory that informs various survival strategies adopted by street children in response to stresses and shocks triggered by the harsh economic environment in Zimbabwe. The quantitative data gathered were analysed using descriptive analysis and presented in the form of pie charts, bar graphs and tables. The findings revealed that street children are embarking on livelihood activities such as street vending, car washing, street parking, waste recycling, luggage carrying and various part-time jobs. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the by-laws of the City of Harare restrict informal activities on the street, leading to livelihood strategies such as bribery of the municipal authorities, nocturnal trading and whistling to alert others that they are being raided. Drawing on the findings of the study, it was concluded that, contrary to dominant theoretical and empirical works that conceptualise street children as helpless, street children have the agency to engage actively in creative survival strategies.

Implementasi Sistem Penghitung Kendaraan Otomatis Berbasis Computer Vision

The development of computer technology today is very helpful for humans in completing their work in various fields. One application of computer technology i.e., in the field of computer vision which has a very important role for object recognition. In this study, we designed a computer vision-based automatic vehicle counting system. The system that we created uses the MobileNetV2 Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) which is placed on the Raspberry Pi 4 to carry out the process of classifying cars and motorcycles and the raspberry pi 4 also functions as a system controller. This automatic vehicle counter system has been integrated between Raspberry Pi 4 and a mobile application on a smartphone where the smartphone functions to display information such as day, date, month, year and together with the number of cars and motorcycles. We tested this automatic vehicle counting system on steam services (car and motorcycle washing) for 3 days where 10 vehicles were collected every day. The test results show that the system is capable of detecting cars and motorcyles with an average accuracy rate of 46.6%.

THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY, PRICE, AND LOCATION ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT ALIB CAR WASH IN MUARA BULIAN

Customer satisfaction is the level of satisfaction or satisfaction felt by customers after they use a company's product or service. It reflects a customer's subjective evaluation of their experience and the degree to which their expectations were met. Customer satisfaction has a significant impact on business success. Therefore, companies often try to increase customer satisfaction by understanding and meeting their needs and expectations, improving product or service quality, providing good customer support, and maintaining effective communication with customers. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of service quality, price and location on customer satisfaction at the Alibdi Muara Bulian Car Wash. The analytical method used is a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study resulted in the results of testing the hypothesis on the effect of the price variable on customer satisfaction that the value of Tcount (5,993) > Ttable (1.986) based on the comparison of Tcount and Ttable face H2 accepted means the price (X2) has a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y). The results of testing the hypothesis on the influence of service quality, price, and location variables on customer satisfaction show that the value of f is obtained by a ftable value of 2.71 while the value of fcount is 91.267 and the significance value is > 0.05, so H4 being accepted means that it is proven that there is a joint and significant influence of service quality, price, and location on customer satisfaction. R2 determination test shows that the combination of service quality, price, and location variables together contributes 74.4% to customer satisfaction while the remaining 25.6% is the contribution of other variables not examined in this study

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Car Washing System with Water Saving Technique

This paper discusses an FPGA-based intelligent car washing system. The system provides washing services that are rapid, convenient, and effective. A flow chart for controlling an automated car washing system with four working modes is given in this paper. The car washing system was built with the help of Xilinx Vivado in the software ISE Design Suite using the hardware description language Verilog HDL. In this project, a special feature for water conservation by biologically recycling the water is implemented.

Evaluating the microcystin-LR-degrading potential of bacteria growing in extreme and polluted environments

Inhabitants of extreme and polluted environments are attractive as candidates for environmental bioremediation. Bacteria growing in oil refinery effluents, tannery dumpsite soils, car wash effluents, salt pans and hot springs were screened for microcystin-LR biodegradation potentials. Using a colorimetric BIOLOG MT2 assay; Arthrobacter sp. B105, Arthrobacter junii, Plantibacter sp. PDD-56b-14, Acinetobacter sp. DUT-2, Salinivibrio sp. YH4, Bacillus sp., Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans could grow in the presence of microcystin-LR at 1, 10 and 100 µg L−1. Most bacteria grew optimally at 10 µg L−1 microcystin-LR under alkaline pH (8 and 9). The ability of these bacteria to use MC-LR as a growth substrate depicts their ability to metabolize the toxin, which is equivalent to its degradation. Through PCR screening, these bacteria were shown to lack the mlr genes implying possible use of a unique microcystin-LR degradation pathway. The study highlights the wide environmental and taxonomic distribution of microcystin-LR degraders.

Cost Benefit Analysis and Determination of Liquid Waste Tax Rates Commercial Buildings in DKI Jakarta

This study aims to analyze the cost benefits of wastewater treatment and the determination of liquid waste tax rates on commercial buildings in the DKI Jakarta area. The variables used are (i) positive externalities that are proxied through labor and the benefits of wastewater treatment, (ii) concentration of liquid waste which includes Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Organic (KMnO4), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS), (iii) Liquid waste processing costs, (iv) Costs incurred by the community due to pollution. This research was conducted using an explanatory research approach and descriptive research. The samples used were commercial buildings X, Y and Z and communit affected liquid waste in central Jakarta. The analytical method used is Extended Cost and Benefit Analysis, Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC), Marginal Damage Cost (MDC) and Pigovian Tax. For marginal damage costs using economic valuation and determining the optimum tax rate using the Pigovian Tax approach. The results of the dissertation analysis show that buildings that have Liquid Waste Treatment Plants produce positive externalities, namely employment and the reuse of liquid waste processing results in the form of gardening, car wash, cooling tower, and reverse osmosis. In addition, commercial buildings that carry out liquid waste treatment have economic feasibility due to cost efficiency and are also environmentally feasible with the allocation of liquid waste treatment costs. For buildings that haven’t implemented WWTP and only use the services of PAL Jaya DKI Jakarta, directly shows that it is feasible from an environmental aspect because there is an allocation of costs for wastewater treatment and the benefits obtained are that operational activities can run Liquid waste processing by companies that have WWTPs have not reached usage standards drinking water so that it has an impact on additional damage costs incurred by the community (Marginal Damage Cost/MDC). Used the Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) and Marginal Damage Cost (MDC) equilibrium, the determination of the waste tax rate on commercial buildings produces the optimum tax value to be paid by pplluters and the optimum concentration of liquid waste that can be discharged into rivers.

Persistently non-compliant employment practice in the informal economy: permissive visibility in a multiple regulator setting

Abstract The growing significance of non-compliant employment practice in the British economy has motivated scrutiny of the effectiveness of current regulation. In some markets, charges of labour exploitation, underpayment of the national minimum wage and associated ‘wage theft’ from workers are rife where business operations are characterised by academics, regulators and stakeholders as exuding ‘permissive visibility’. The current landscape of enforcement and regulation of informal business and employment practices features complex structural and operational issues for regulators subject to tight resource constraints. These enable permissiveness and offer scope for strategic regulatory tolerance of some violation types, possibly to raise compliance rates for other types of violations. Drawing on extensive empirical evidence and qualitative data sources in one market sector (hand car washes), this study investigates some key hypotheses focussing on compliance and responses by businesses and regulators to the extant regulatory regime. These inform a pragmatic institutional analysis considering the merits of some movement towards a single enforcement body instead of the existing arrangements featuring multiple regulatory institutions.

Analysis Of The Role Of Village-Owned Enterprises In Efforts To Increase The Original Income Of Ngadireso Village

The Indonesian government chose village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) as one of the solutions to improve rural development. The purpose of this study was to find out the development strategies and constraints for development in Ngadireso Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency through Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in an effort to increase Village Original Income (PADes). This research method uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The setting in this study is Ngadireso Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency. It can be concluded that in developing the role of BUMDes Mitra Karya does not yet have a mature business strategy BUMDes Mitra Karya has made several efforts to increase Village Original Income (PADes). BUMDes Mitra Karya has 4 Business Units such as the WISLIC (Clean Water) Business Unit, Environmental Cleaning Business Unit, Car Wash Business Unit (Katar), and Tourism Village Business Unit. Out of the 4 business units managed by BUMDes Mitra Karya, only 3 business units are already running, such as clean water business units, environmental cleaning business units, and car wash business units, while the tourism village business units have not yet started because they are still constrained by capital so they manage existing tourist objects. not yet realized.

INCOME POVERTY AND CHILD STREETISM IN DODOMA AND DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA

Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This article explores the influence of income poverty on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the article focused on analysing the live experiences of street children; and describing the influence of income poverty on streetism of children. The article adopted the descriptive cross-sectional design and involved a total of 56 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were used to collect data. Through thematic and content data analysis techniques this article revealed that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by income poverty. Hence, the study recommends that; develop a formal and functional support system to facilitate children on the street to access the educational services. Regarding coping strategies as an emerged issue, street children engaged into begging, unsafe sex and petty income-generating activities such as car wash and bottle collection. They also used self-medication to treat themselves when they fell sick or being left at the hospital buildings or on the street by their fellow street children when the condition got worse. Additionally, they did not have any coping strategy to enroll themselves into the school.

The Application of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Car Wash Wastewaters: Experiments and Modelling.

The wastewater generated as a result of car washes is considered a new source of water. However, recovered water must meet the required quality criteria for reuse. For this purpose, the ultrafiltration (UF) process can be successfully used. The main aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of the membrane's molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) on the UF performance in terms of the fouling phenomenon and retention degree of car wash wastewater. Moreover, for a better understanding of the fouling mechanisms, Hermia's model was used. The experimental studies were conducted with the use of two polyethersulfone (PES) membranes (MWCO of 10 kDa and 100 kDa). It has been noted that the used membranes provided a high-quality permeate and excellent turbidity removal, up to 99%. Moreover, it has been noted that the MWCO membrane has a significant impact on the fouling mechanism. Generally, a much greater intensity of fouling for the membrane with MWCO of 100 kDa was observed. Results obtained in the present study showed that both real wastewaters and the clean solutions used for washing cars cause the fouling phenomenon. It has been proven that rinsing the membranes with water is not sufficient to recover the initial membrane's performance. Hence, periodic chemical cleaning of the membranes was required. Fitting the experimental data to Hermia's model allowed us to indicate that membranes with MWCO of 100 kDa are more prone to intermediate blocking. To sum up, the findings suggest that for the UF of the car wash wastewater, the use of membranes with MWCO equal to 10 kDa is recommended.

Comparative Effects of Car Wash Detergents and Biosurfactants (Rhamnolipids) on the Soil Environment: In Search of a Greener Alternative

Aims: This study investigates the comparative effects of synthetic car wash and a bio-based surfactant detergent, biotensidon, on the soil environment.
 Study Design: Evaluation studies.
 Place and Duration of Study: Geology and Woodland laboratory at William Smith Building, University of Keele, in 2018.
 Methodology: 1000 g of Topsoil purchased from a local store was dried in the oven at 1100C for 24 hours and its moisture content was determined. 100 g of the soil was irrigated with diluted detergents and cleaning solutions for 5 days. The leachates were then collected and analyzed for pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) and further analyzed with Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) while the soil sample pellets were with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) machine.
 Results: The colour of soil leachate when physically observed was consistently almost clear for tap water, light yellow for the biotensidon detergent and dark brown for the car wash detergent. For the pH for the same period, the soil leachates were between neutral and mildly alkaline among the different samples. However, for EC, the maximum EC recorded was in soil irrigated with Car Wash Detergent (1157, 1181, 1242, 1390 and 1876 µS/cm) for all of the 5 days. This is followed by soil irrigated with BioTensidon (732, 757, 796, 799 and 836 µS/cm) for the same period while the minimum EC was recorded in soil irrigated with tap water (456, 487, 500, 505 and 553 µS/cm) for the 5 days. The IR analysis of soil leachates showed peak values that did not differ with all the three leachates collected each day, while the XRF analysis showed the major elements SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 to be the most dominant for analyzed samples.
 Conclusion: Both detergents examined had similar compositions of ingredients for making detergents. Some of these ingredients are well known to be harmful to humans, soil, water and plants, and these compositions vary between the detergents. Both detergents also have similar compositions of microelements that are essential for plant growth and some that are toxic to plants. However, the car wash detergents showed no amount of the element Lead (Pb). The car wash detergents significantly bleached organic fractions of the topsoil when examined physically. An 8% soil pH increase and 43% soil EC increase were recorded after 5 days of testing by car wash detergents when compared to the biosurfactants. Also, biosurfactants were shown to contain some toxic concentrations that may be unsafe.

“The Exorcist”: a grounded theory on how individuals avoid unethical requests at work

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how individuals seek to reduce the occurrence of unethical requests at work and the effects of such strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors built a grounded theory through semi-structured interviews with 65 individuals who worked for companies involved in the Brazilian corruption scandal called Operation Car Wash.FindingsThe interviewees reported that they use two central strategies to avoid unethical requests: explicit moral communication (directly stating that they are not willing to adhere to an unethical request) and implicit communication (expressing such a refusal through moral symbols). Both strategies signal the morality of the communicator and lead the possible proponent of an unethical request to perceive a greater probability of being reported and, thus, avoid making such an unethical request. However, while explicit moral communication affects the perceived morality of the individual who would possibly make an unethical request, implicit (symbolic) moral communication does not. As a consequence, the risks of retaliation for making a moral communication are greater in the case of explicit moral communication, entailing that implicit moral communication is more effective and safer for the individual who wants to avoid unethical requests.Originality/valueThis paper broadens the literature on business ethics and moral psychology by shifting its focus from what organizations and leaders can do to prevent unethical behavior to what leaders can actively do to protect themselves from unethical requests.

Customer Relationship Management in Increasing Customer Loyalty using the K-Means Algorithm

Advances in technology allow humans to more quickly and precisely in carrying out various activities in everyday life. One of the companies engaged in the field of vehicle washing services is Doorsmeer Keluarga Nasution. Doorsmeer. The Nasution Family Doorsmeer, located on Jl. Medan Padang Aek Godang Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal Regency, provides services in the form of car and motorcycle washing. Bookkeeping at the Nasution Family Doorsmeer is still done manually, allowing for loss of important transaction data, as well as a lack of business promotion in the community resulting in slow business development. The purpose of this study is generally to apply Web-based Customer Relationship Management with the K-means algorithm method for marketing/transactions at the Nasution Family Doorsmeer. This research is a combined type, using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. From the research results it is known that with the existence of Web-based Customer Relationship Management it can simplify and assist in managing good marketing strategies so that they can increase sales revenue, and by providing the best service will encourage customer loyalty and make it easier to determine loyal customers with the K-means algorithm in order to continue to provide convenience to customers.