Polymer materials have been widely used in applications ranging from aerospace, automobile transportation, medical and health care due to their excellent properties. The current linear production and disposal model of polymeric materials has raised concerns about the continuous consumption of limited fossil fuels and the severe environmental crises. To address the dual challenges of the environment and resources, it is necessary to develop sustainable polymers and more promising recycling strategies. This contribution summarizes the recent research on the preparation of sustainable polymers and their chemical recycling, including polyesters, polycarbonates, polythioesters and polyurethanes.