Car Theft Research Articles

License Plate Detection and Facial Analysis Using TensorFlow Deep Learning Algorithm

Nowadays license plate recognition has been applied in car access control, toll collection and other applications. Even though they exist, car thefts and illegal use of other proprietor’s license plate remain a problem. To deal with this, a computational programmed controlled framework is being developed. Also, facial analysis algorithm is implemented so as to create awareness among the common public. The way forward is to use an improved technology combination of License Plate Detection and Facial Analysis using artificial intelligence, in which vehicle image is captured by high resolution CCD camera and the license plate region is determined by image processing algorithms and facial analysis is done by using FaceNet and TensorFlow. The characters of the license plate is separated by segmentation and processed using the Canny Edge and Blob Coloring algorithm and the facial analysis is done using Facenet of TensorFlow.

Automatic Car Theft Detection System Based on GPS and GSM Technology

Automatic Car Theft Detection System Based on GPS and GSM Technology

Facial Recognition for Car Security System Using Fisherface Method

The increasing crime of car theft proves that there is still a frail security system installed on the car. Apart from the expertise possessed by the car thieves, the crime of car theft can also occur due to the negligence of the car owner in leaving his car. One of the examples is leaving the car when the engine is on. This is the main reason for car owners to have an advanced security system. The application of biometrics technology is expected to be a solution for improving the car security system. One of the biometrics technologies to be applied in car security systems is facial recognition technology. In this study, facial recognition is in real-time using the fisherface method to improve the security system of a car when the engine is still on. The results show that the fisherface method performs well with an accuracy of 83.04%. The results indicate that the facial recognition application using the fisherface method is one of the most effective solutions in improving car security systems.

Are Area-Level Crimes Associated with Older Adults’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior?

There is limited evidence for the associations of area-level crime with older adults’ physical activity and sedentary behavior, especially in Asia. This study explored the association of area-level crime with older adults’ active and sedentary behavior. A telephone-based survey of Taiwanese seniors was conducted in September–November of 2017. Data related to sociodemographic factors, residential neighborhood (objectively recorded area-level crime incidence), and time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior, were obtained from 1068 older adults. Adjusted binary logistic regression was analyzed. Fully adjusted analyses showed older adults living in neighborhoods with a higher incidence of drug crime (odds ratio, OR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.52–0.96), car theft (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.51–0.95), and locomotive theft (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.51–0.94) were found to be less likely to achieve the recommendation on physical activity. In addition, those living in neighborhoods with a higher incidence of theft (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.05–3.55), drug crime (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.05–3.55), breaking and entering (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.11–3.76), and rape (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.20–4.06) were more likely to have more sedentary time. There were sex differences in the association of area-level crime incidence with physical activity and sedentary behavior. These findings suggest that crime prevention should be considered when designing physical activity and sedentary behavior interventions for older adults.

A Multimodal Approach to Enhancing Automobile Security

The continuous increase in use of the automobiles has resulted in increase in vehicular traffic and social vices such as theft, thus necessitating efforts for improving automobile security. As a result of this, various solutions such as satellite monitoring and General Packet Radio Services have been adopted to track vehicle locations over time. This article combines the uniqueness of an automobile plate number and the face(s) of an authorized vehicle driver to enhance the automobile security system, hence eliminating the inefficiency of the existing tag system while reducing the cases of unauthorized automobile use and outright theft. A weighted score approach was used in evaluating the efficiency of the character recognition subsystem with an accuracy of 89.3% recorded. The face recognition subsystem also achieved reliable genuine and an imposter attempt at 0.0 confidence level. The designed system ensured security of an automobile through the combination of a plate number and image recognition, thereby preventing an unauthorized driver from taking a vehicle out of a controlled area.

Linking property crime using offender crime scene behaviour: A comparison of methods

AbstractThis study compared the ability of seven statistical models to distinguish between linked and unlinked crimes. The seven models utilised geographical, temporal, and modus operandi information relating to residential burglaries (n = 180), commercial robberies, (n = 118), and car thefts (n = 376). Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis and by examining the success with which the seven models could successfully prioritise linked over unlinked crimes. The regression‐based and probabilistic models achieved comparable accuracy and were generally more accurate than the tree‐based models tested in this study. The Logistic algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) for residential burglary (AUC = 0.903) and commercial robbery (AUC = 0.830) and the SimpleLogistic algorithm achieving the highest for car theft (AUC = 0.820). The findings also indicated that discrimination accuracy is maximised (in some situations) if behavioural domains are utilised rather than individual crime scene behaviours and that the AUC should not be used as the sole measure of accuracy in behavioural crime linkage research.

CURRENT METHODS OF VEHICLE THEFT AND LEGALISATION

The article discusses motor vehicle theft and legalisation. Despite modern methods of securing this kind of property, such offences are still committed by criminals. This type of crime is determined by the large and fast fi nancial profi ts, which criminals make not only from selling such cars, but also from ransoms obtained from the owners for returning the stolen vehicles. Criminal groups are also interested in vehicles carrying cargoes that are sold by the group or become objects of ransom obtained from owners. In the article, the author presents methods and techniques of stealing vehicles used by thieves in recent times. Moreover, the structure of criminal groups and the individual roles of their members are discussed. Furthermore, methods of legalising vehicles through previously stolen or counterfeited documents are presented, thanks to which buyers and public authorities are not able to get an idea of the practice. In most cases, the sale of properly prepared vehicles and documents is carried out under the pressure of time and attractive prices. In the last part of the article, the author presents the issue of obtaining compensation for stolen vehicles. This type of criminal activity is also a source of income for groups dealing with car theft.

Hot Spots Policing in a High Crime Environment: An Experimental Evaluation in Medellín

Objectives: Test direct, spillover and aggregate effects of hot spots policing on crime in a high crime environment. Methods: We identified 967 hot spot street segments and randomly assigned 384 to a six-months increase in police patrols. To account for the complications resulting from a large experimental sample in a dense network of streets, we use randomization inference for hypothesis testing. We also use non-experimental streets to test for spillovers onto non-hot spots, and examine aggregate effects citywide. Results: Our results show an improvement in short term security perceptions and a reduction in car thefts, but no direct effects on other crimes or satisfaction with policing services. We see larger effects in the least secure places, especially for short term security perceptions, car thefts and assaults. We find no evidence of crime displacement but rather a decrease in car thefts in nearby hot spots and a decrease in assaults in nearby non-hot spots. We estimate that car thefts decreased citywide by about 11 percent. Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of context when implementing hot spots policing. What seems to work in the U.S. or even in Bogota is not as responsive in Medellin (and vice versa). Further research — especially outside the U.S. — is needed to understand the role of local crime patterns and police capacity on the effectiveness of hot spots policing.

Performance Analysis of Acceleration Sensor for Movement Detection in Vehicle Security System

The vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorized access into the car. As the statistic has shown that the number of cases of the private car being stolen is increasing and the recovery rate is decreasing sharply, it shows that the car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorized access. Most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switches, siren, and remote control to protect the car, which appears to be weak against experienced car theft. Therefore, the project is carried out to develop a vehicle security system that can measure the dynamic acceleration inside the vehicle using the ADXL345 accelerometer and locate the coordinate of the vehicle by using U-Blox Neo-6M GPS receiver. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed vehicle security system, the experiment to determine the most suitable position among the four places inside a car to place the device was conducted. Then, the performance analysis of the GPS receiver for accurate tracking also was done. The results showed that the most suitable position to place the device is inside the center of the car dashboard and the GPS receiver has a mean cold start-up time of 5 minutes 47 seconds and hot start-up time of 11.72 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.000003706° in latitude and 0.000002762° in longitude for position tracking.

SISTEM MONITORING MOBIL RENTAL MENGGUNAKAN GPS TRACKER

Currently car rental business is a business that promises many benefits. The number of car rental service customers each year is increasing, this is seen from the number of car rental businessmen increasingly from year to year. But behind the business profits are quite tempting there have been many complaints in the car rental business is the crime of theft. There have been many tools or ways taken to overcome the crime of car theft, but not many can be the right solution. Making this monitoring application aims to implement a GPS Tracking based security system in which the monitor can display the status and location of the existence of the car that has been hired.The method used is object-oriented software engineering including data types, data retrieval methods, system analysis, system design, system development, and testing. The end result of this research is a tool and monitoring application system capable of displaying icon maker according to the existence of the car and can display notification or alert. The tool used is Arduino Uno with some modules like GPS Module to capture coordinates and GPRS Module to send data to the database server.To view using the web with the monitoring map and alert system. Alert system will automatically process the data into the database, if the lease time exceeds the limit of rent then the alert will process the distance data between a rental car with garage. If the distance exceeds 4 km then the system will display alert/notification. Then the admin can also track the existence of the car. The functional test result of the system works well, the result of the validity test of the system provides valid data with 0.0002 tolerance average, and the result of the feasibility test of the system can be declared eligible for use.

Arduino Based Automobile Security System

Substantial increase in automobile theft figures internationally calls on for a robust automobile security system which can offer real time monitoring and control rather than just intimating about theft. In this paper, an embedded system is designed in such a way that, when the owner gets intimation about intrusion he can remotely start or stop the engine and also obtain the image of intruder. This is achieved by interfacing GSM system with ARDUINO. An accelerometer acts as a sensor to intimate towing. Keywords: Arduino, GSM Module, Miniature Serial TTL JPEG Camera, Relay

Trends in Police-Recorded Offenses at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century in Europe

This study explores the trends in police-recorded crimes in Europe and in individual countries. The offender characteristics such as gender and age of perpetrators are also considered. In addition, the analysis discusses factors behind the changes in the crime trends. Data were collected for the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics by means of an electronic questionnaire, with the help of national correspondents. The dataset comprises metadata and crime rates (crimes/100,000 population) for 21 offense types. This article focuses on the results from the years 2000–2011. The overview of European crime trends is based on an analysis of the average annual change in homicide, assault, rape, burglary, car theft, robbery, and drug offenses. The trends in different crime categories vary: homicide has decreased in all European countries, and the decrease has been more rapid in those countries with a high homicide rate. However, the development of all violent crime seems contradictory, because assault and rape rates have increased in many countries. Property crimes, such as robbery, burglary and car theft, have decreased, but drug crimes show an increase. Overall, the findings suggest that property is currently better secured now than at the beginning of the century, but the situation in respect of violent crimes (excluding homicide) and drug crimes has not improved. In the future, efforts should be made to collect Europe-wide victimization survey data to supplement and deepen the understanding of the development of crime. In spite of the limitations, for the moment police trends are especially important, because up-to-date European victimization survey figures are not available.

Human behavior characterization for driving style recognition in vehicle system

Despite the development of new technologies in order to prevent the stealing of cars, the number of car thefts is sharply increasing. With the advent of electronics, new ways to steal cars were found. In order to avoid auto-theft attacks, in this paper we propose a machine learning based method to silently and continuously profile the driver by analyzing built-in vehicle sensors. We consider a dataset composed by 51 different features extracted by 10 different drivers, evaluating the efficiency of the proposed method in driver identification. We also find the most relevant features able to discriminate the car owner by an impostor. We obtain a precision and a recall equal to 99% evaluating a dataset containing data extracted from real vehicle.

Does Tax Evasion Affect Economic Crime?

This paper examines the impact of tax evasion on criminal activities in Italy. Specifically, we consider three types of crime that are related to economic determinants: property crimes (including robbery, theft and car theft), fraud and usury. We estimate a dynamic panel using annual data from the Italian provinces (NUTS-3) for the 2006-2010 period and show that tax evasion positively affects economic crimes. Notably, the elasticity of tax evasion to fraud is related to the size of the tax burden; in addition, these crimes demonstrate different levels of persistence over time, reflecting different adjustment costs. Finally, we find that property crimes, fraud and usury are not influenced by deterrence or clearing-up variables.

Arduino-Based Security System for Automobiles

In the present scenario, car theft rates are increasing day by day due to the insufficient security features provided by the automobile industries, negligence or necessary precautions taken by the owners. A large number of cars are stolen every year throughout the world. Automobile industries are also worried about the security issues of their newly designed models. A number of research proposals are called every year in automobile industries regarding the security of vehicles. As a result, various companies have developed and introduced a number of securityfeatures like sensors, password-based security system, remote locking and so on to overcome this problem. But due to their short range of operation, these features are not capable to overcome the problem completely. In this paper, we have discussed about the ignition-based security system, where ignition system can be enabled or disabled by using the global system for mobile communication (GSM) and global positioning system (GPS) modules. GPS gives the exact location of vehicle in the form of longitude and latitude coordinate. Since the GPS and GSM modules are completely based on wireless communication, it would be very helpful to track the vehicle over long distance. Therefore, the proposed intelligent security systemmay be installed in all the newly designed vehicles. This intelligent security system also overcomes the problems faced by the user.

IOT based Smart Home Automation for Car Theft Prevention using Image Processing

IOT based Smart Home Automation for Car Theft Prevention using Image Processing

Network Constrained Spatio-Temporal Hotspot Mapping of Crimes in Faisalabad

The Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE) is a useful tool for visualization of point events over a network space, but it lacks in expressing the statistical significance of the mapped phenomenon. In this paper, we discuss the network hotspot detection of street crimes by integrating the NetKDE and the Getis-Ord GI* statistics. We selected four types of network-constrained crimes, i.e., bike theft, car theft, robbery, and snatching. The NetKDE is a useful technique to study the patterns of crimes bounded by the road networks. We used the Spatial Analysis along Networks (SANET) tools for computing the Network Kernel Density Estimation (NetKDE) and utilized the results of the NetKDE as input values for computing the Getis-Ord GI* statistics. The combination of these two methods can detect the network-constrained hotspots that are statistically significant. We also performed the network K-function, the extension of the Ripley’s K-function on networks. The network K-function analysis displays the significant clustering of crime events at different scales. Results demonstrated that the intensity of street crimes are strongly concentrated in the central part of the city. Moreover, the results reflected that the functional nature of different urban land use affects the frequency of crime events. Various urban land uses such as commercial, residential and industrial area seemed to influence the distribution of different types of crimes. The hotspot analysis has real potential, impacting the police patrolling protocols. The methods presented in this study suggest that there is a need to distinguish the planar and network hotspots and crime prevention policies could be enacted according to the type of hotspots.

Relationships between typhoons, climate and crime rates in Taiwan

The literature indicates climate change is likely to cause more frequent and intense extreme weather events along with higher temperatures and altered precipitation. Taiwan frequently suffers from extremes in the form of typhoons, and their effects threaten both social stability and public security. Temperature effects through climate change are also expected to alter crime rates. We examine the immediate and longer-run impacts of typhoons and other climate variables on crime rates in Taiwan. The immediate results suggest that typhoon intensity has a significantly negative influence on rates of crime, including all violent crimes and automobile thefts. They also show that warmer temperatures have a strong positive effect on all violent crimes and all the subtypes of violent crimes. In addition, longer duration typhoons increase the immediate rates of all violent crimes, automobile thefts and muggings while decreasing the rate of burglaries. In the long run, we find that typhoon intensity, duration and landfall have persistent, lagged effects on crime that vary from negative to positive. For example, strong-intensity typhoons have significantly negative lagged effects on crimes 3–5 months in the future but positive lagged effects on crimes in future months 6–9. Finally, projections under the IPCC climate change scenarios show all violent crimes will increase.

The Design of Vehicle Security System Based on Mobile Network

With the increasing living standards of the people, the car is an important means of transport of human beings into the ordinary people's homes, but the car to bring people to travel convenience, but also to the owners of the risk of car theft, resulting in owners suffering a huge economy loss. This paper uses a low-cost processor IAP15F2K61S2 designed a mobile phone based on low-cost smart car security system. The system has all-weather satellite positioning, electronic map tracking, vehicle real-time external monitoring alarm function and so on, at the same time the system is obvious advantages with excellent performance, such as the camera features, cost-effective, and so on, they have applied value and prospects. Operation test shows that the system structure is simple, stable and reliable, with a certain marketing value.

Bonnie and Clyde

John Maggio, the writer, director, and coproducer (with Lindsey Megrue) of the documentary Bonnie and Clyde, seems committed to avoiding the mythologizing that permeated Arthur Penn's 1967 classic of the same name. The absences of Warren Beatty, Faye Dunaway, and Earl Scruggs's banjo help considerably in that regard. Far from glamorous, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are shown as “two-bit Texas hoods” more likely to rob gas stations and grocery stores than banks. And viewers do not see them expressing solidarity with dispossessed farmers or refusing to steal the money of a poor bank customer. Nevertheless, the film builds its own mythic portrait of the outlaws. Almost everything in its evocative account of their hardscrabble early lives prefigures their doomed romance and criminal notoriety. Barrow's parents were itinerant farmers who moved their large family to a riverside encampment on the outskirts of Dallas—a location so grim that locals called it “the devil's back porch.” Among the other impoverished rural migrants nearby was Parker, living with her widowed mother. Both youngsters yearned for Dallas's beckoning attractions from the wrong side of the Trinity River. Eager for escape, Parker wrote poetry, sought excitement in Dallas picture houses, and, against her mother's will, left school at fifteen to marry a small-time criminal—a relationship memorialized in a tattoo on her thigh. Her husband was physically abusive and soon disappeared, leaving Parker to bemoan “the unending boredom of poverty.” Barrow, we are told, had “a taste for expensive suits and little interest in hard work” and, like Parker, “chafed at the prospect of a life of poverty.” Inevitably, it seems, by his teen years he graduated from stealing chickens to automobile theft and armed robbery. “Clyde Barrow didn't see stealing so much as a crime as almost an obligation,” asserts Jeff Guinn, the author of Go down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde (2009). When the rebellious pair fatefully meet, Parker filled with boredom and Barrow driving a stolen car, “you could see the sparks fly right there.”