Car Parking Space Research Articles

MODEL CAR TRANSPORT SYSTEM - MODERN ITS EDUCATION TOOL

The model car transport system is a laboratory intended for a practical development in the area of the motor traffic. It is also an important education tool for students’ hands-on training, enabling students to test the results of their own studies. The main part of the model car transportation network is a model in a ratio 1:87 (HO), based on component units of FALLER Car system, e.g. cars, traffic lights, carriage way, parking spaces, stop sections, branch-off junctions, sensors and control sections. The model enables to simulate real traffic situations. It includes a motor traffic in a city, in a small village, on a carriageway between a city and a village including a railway crossing. The traffic infrastructure includes different kinds of intersections, such as T-junctions, a classic four-way crossroad and four-way traffic circle, with and without traffic lights control. Another important part of the model is a segment of a highway which includes an elevated crossing with highway approaches and exits.

Smart virtual parking mobile application

Students drive to the university every day and they often struggle with finding a car parking space. This can be challenging and wasting a lot of students’ time. To solve this problem this project develops a virtual parking mobile application to meet the student necessity. The students can login to the app and the app will show them which spots are available and which are busy. Students can also reserve a parking spot, and can hold for couple of minutes until they reach the parking spot. This project emulates the parking lot facility through a virtual design to represent a real live parking lot. The result of the actions that will take place on the virtual design will be appearing on the mobile application.

Accessibility and usability of parks and playgrounds

BackgroundPublic parks and playgrounds are an environment for leisure activity, which all generations can enjoy at low or no financial cost. Evaluating the accessibility and usability of parks and playgrounds is crucial because their design, environment (natural and built) and safety could restrict participation of persons with disabilities. ObjectiveTo evaluate the accessibility and usability of 21 public parks and playgrounds in three metropolitan cities of New Zealand. Secondary aims were to compare the accessibility and usability by park type (destination or neighborhood) and deprivation level (high and low). MethodsTwenty-one parks were evaluated. A stratified random sampling was used to select 18 parks (six from each city). Three additional parks were purposely selected (one from each city) at the request of each respective city council. The parks and playgrounds were evaluated using a customized tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. ResultsNone of the parks we evaluated met the national standards and/or international guidelines for park and playground design. We identified potential accessibility and usability issues with car parking spaces, path surfaces and play equipment as well as lack of lighting and fencing. The presence of amenities (e.g. toilets and drinking fountains) was more common in destination parks. Fewer parks in areas of higher deprivation had accessible car parking spaces and main paths wider than 1.5 m. ConclusionOur evaluation identified potential design, environmental and safety barriers to park and playground based participation for persons with disabilities across the lifespan. A larger, more comprehensive evaluation of parks and playgrounds is required.

DEFINITION OF TERM REAL PROPERTY: CONFLICT OF LAWS

Real property is one of the fundamental objects of civil law rights, and one of the most widely spread tool of investment policy, as well as a compound complex object of urban development, an object of legacy and cultural heritage of Russia. In this regard complex study of legislative control and law enforcement practice, including court practice, real property regulation is of prime importance for optimization of decisions in separate issues of state policy in various fields of social life. Thus, legal nature of real property is determined not only by civil legislation, but also by land, urban planning and housing legislation. The issues of integrative approach to legislative control of real property have always been a matter of long-term argument not only in juridical literature but have also become a matter of dispute on numerous cases. Thus Russia’s Constitutional Court and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation passed their opinions regarding necessity of harmonious regulation of the issues surrounding real property. The present article sets out both the definition of real property as a complex legal category and its discrete subcategories, for instance, car parking spaces, assets under construction, etc.

Changing the system from within – a response to Hoffmann

Thomas Hoffmann's article proposes a cognitively viable theoretical framework for explaining how constructions can emerge in the history of a language. The case which Hoffmann discusses is the coming into being of the comparative correlative construction of the type The smaller a car is, the easier it is to park in late Old English and early Middle English. While car sizes and parking spaces were perhaps not a matter for discussion among speakers of that time, it was for them as important as it is for us to be able to say that if any two things differ in one respect, then they also differ in another (for details on the construction's semantics, see Beck 1997; Cappelle 2011). In this particular comparative correlative construction, the first part (C1, for ‘clause 1’) is interpreted as standing in a sort of protasis relation to the apodosis-like second part (C2, for ‘clause 2’). That is, this C1C2 construction reflects, in an iconically appropriate way, the order of a hypothetical statement followed by its consequence.

Patient choice modelling: how do patients choose their hospitals?

As an aid to predicting future hospital admissions, we compare use of the Multinomial Logit and the Utility Maximising Nested Logit models to describe how patients choose their hospitals. The models are fitted to real data from Derbyshire, United Kingdom, which lists the postcodes of more than 200,000 admissions to six different local hospitals. Both elective and emergency admissions are analysed for this mixed urban/rural area. For characteristics that may affect a patient’s choice of hospital, we consider the distance of the patient from the hospital, the number of beds at the hospital and the number of car parking spaces available at the hospital, as well as several statistics publicly available on National Health Service (NHS) websites: an average waiting time, the patient survey score for ward cleanliness, the patient safety score and the inpatient survey score for overall care. The Multinomial Logit model is successfully fitted to the data. Results obtained with the Utility Maximising Nested Logit model show that nesting according to city or town may be invalid for these data; in other words, the choice of hospital does not appear to be preceded by choice of city. In all of the analysis carried out, distance appears to be one of the main influences on a patient’s choice of hospital rather than statistics available on the Internet.

ParkUs: A Novel Vehicle Parking Detection System

Finding on-street parking in congested urban areas is a challenging chore that most drivers worldwide dislike. Previous vehicle traffic studies have estimated that around thirty percent of vehicles travelling in inner city areas are made up of drivers searching for a vacant parking space. While there are hardware sensor based solutions to monitor on-street parking occupancy in real-time, instrumenting and maintaining such a city wide system is a substantial investment. In this paper, a novel vehicle parking activity detection method, called ParkUs, is introduced and tested with the aim to eventually reduce vacant car parking space search times. The system utilises accelerometer and magnetometer sensors found in all smartphones in order to detect parking activity within a city environment. Moreover, it uses a novel sensor fusion feature called the Orthogonality Error Estimate (OEE). We show that the OEE is an excellent indicator as it’s capable of detecting parking activities with high accuracy and low energy consumption. One of the envisioned applications of the ParkUs system will be to provide all drivers with guidelines on where they are most likely to find vacant parking spaces within a city. Therefore, reducing the time required to find a vacant parking space and subsequently vehicle congestion and emissions within the city.

Bicycle and Car Share Schemes as Inclusive Modes of Travel? A Socio-Spatial Analysis in Glasgow, UK

Public bicycle and car sharing schemes have proliferated in recent years and are increasingly part of the urban transport landscape. Shared transport options have the potential to support social inclusion by improving accessibility: these initiatives could remove some of the barriers to car ownership or bicycle usage such as upfront costs, maintenance and storage. However, the existing evidence base indicates that, in reality, users are most likely to be white, male and middle class. This paper argues that there is a need to consider the social inclusivity of sharing schemes and to develop appropriate evaluation frameworks accordingly. We therefore open by considering ways in which shared transport schemes might be inclusive or not, using a framework developed from accessibility planning. In the second part of the paper, we use the case study of Glasgow in Scotland to undertake a spatial equity analysis of such schemes. We examine how well they serve different population groups across the city, using the locations of bicycle stations and car club parking spaces in Glasgow, comparing and contrasting bike and car. An apparent failure to deliver benefits across the demographic spectrum raises important questions about the socially inclusive nature of public investment in similar schemes.

A Model Development of Thai Rice Label and Package for Heath Conscious Group of Consumers on Social Media

<p>The objectives of this research were to explore Thai rice consumption behavior and to develop the rice package as perceived by health conscious group of consumers on social media. The research methodology adopted mixed methods by means of marketing survey research and using research results to develop the product and package prototypes. The samples were 71 online-based consumers. The research tool was a questionnaire on general status of respondents and factors of their rice purchasing. Descriptive analysis was for the data analysis. Results revealed that the marketing mix factors affecting the consumers‘ decision to purchase rice comprised the following aspects, 1) product: rice cultivating areas, health benefits, and package, respectively; 2) price: best suit to rice quality, clear price tag, and saving price, respectively; 3) distribution channels: clean distribution sites, convenient transport, and enough car parking spaces, respectively; 4) marketing promotion: sale, discount coupon, and point-of-purchase displays, respectively. These are key issues to be considered. Regarding the label and logo design, the design work needed to present complete and clear information referring to essential quality of the product, and represent distinction and uniqueness. Product design needed to consider how to facilitate convenient transport, convenient use by consumers, i.e. opening-reclosing the package, and strength and firmness to effectively support the product, respectively.</p>

Day in the life of an advanced critical care practitioner

So, what exactly does an ACCP do? That 6am alarm is ringing again. It’s dark, cold and everyone else is still snoring. At this time of the day, like thousands of other healthcare workers, I wonder what on earth possessed me to choose this profession, and then I remember, it chose me. Up and out of the door by seven for the 45-minute commute to work, lastminute stress to find a car parking space, then into the hospital. I still get butterflies iS to ck /a si kk k

Reclaim Street Space! – Exploit the European Potential of Car Sharing

Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) are a core element of the European Commission's Urban Mobility Package. A bundle of measures combines infrastructure; clean fuels and vehicles; and soft measures to promote walking, cycling and public transport use. Looking at the problems of cities world-wide, one crucial aspect not (yet) adequately addressed is increasing car-ownership, leading to over-consumption of space in cities creating both congestion and parking problems.The City of Bremen's SUMP, which received the 2014 CIVITAS Award and the 2015 SUMP Award, integrates car sharing as a strategic element to reduce car ownership. The ambitious Car Sharing Action Plan from 2009, the first municipal thematic plan on car sharing, set a target of 20,000 car sharing users by 2020 and, more important, the replacement of about 6,000 private cars through the service of car sharing. Annual user surveys in Bremen show that every car sharing car takes 15 private cars off the road. This figure includes only cars that car sharers report giving up after becoming car sharers and does not include car purchases that were avoided by users who may have bought a car if no option had been available. Station-based car sharing, with its wide variety of vehicles and the reliability of pre-reservation (but also the option of spontaneous bookings) has a much higher impact on car ownership than does free-floating car sharing.In its 2010 ‘momorandum’, the European IEE project momo Car Sharing estimated that European cities could be unburdened of the parking needs of 600,000 cars – end-to-end a row from London to Athens – if other cities applied policies similar to those in Bremen (and also Switzerland). The potential is huge to improve traffic, the environment and quality of life in European cities.This practitioner's report presents municipal policies and activities undertaken in Bremen (1) to exploit the potential of car sharing (e.g. providing mobility hubs and on-street car sharing stations; integration in new urban developments; multi-modal integration; optimising fleet management, information and awareness), (2) to develop quality requirements and (3) to prepare for future developments (e.g. autonomous transport systems). It also clarifies the different roles of station-based and free-floating car sharing and their potential for different types of cities and towns.The presentation will show – from the perspective of a municipality – how car sharing can be integrated into both advanced sustainable urban mobility planning and into more efficient urban developments. New urban developments with integrated car sharing, bike sharing and high quality public transport do not need as many car parking spaces as conventional developments, creating potential for reducing costs and improving the quality of urban space.

Concepts for Tenant Tickets for Connecting Habitation and Transport

Concepts for Tenant Tickets for Connecting Habitation and Transport

Development and Implementation of an Automated Car Parking System

The problems related to shortages in car parking spaces in dense populated cities and areas is addressed, and the categories of automated advanced car parking systems based on their different technologies is presented. The concept of an automatic car parking system is also introduced and demonstrated through the development process of a prototype using a PIC microcontroller. Simulation for the system's circuits is done with the aid of Proteus software. The hardware circuits, which are built on printed circuit boards (PCB) are interfaced with actuators and sensors for automation purposes. The hardware is assembled to automatically open entry gates for cars while there are still some unoccupied parking spaces. The entry gate will not be opened, however as long as the car parking facility is full. Proper messages are displayed on a screen to reflect the status of the car parking facility.

Intelligent Car Park Management System using Wireless Sensor Network

Parking problems are a common problem in most major cities. The limited availability of parking space results in traffic congestion, air pollution, time consuming as well as economy of the nation. The price for parking expansion is usually prohibitively or extremely high. All above various problems can be overcome by constructing a parking area that is embedded with Wireless Sensor Network Technology. Car-park management systems operate by monitoring the availability of car-parking spaces and making that information Available to customers and facility administrators. The prototype contains system architecture, software, hardware including its implementation phase. Our goal is to construct a car park system which is equipped with sensors and provides surveillance. We are developing a novel miniaturized modular platform for wireless sensor networks. The system architecture, hardware and software will be discussed as well as details of the deployment scenario chosen for the prototype of a car park

Monitoring and Simulation of Mechanically Ventilated Underground Car Parks

Rapid motorization in developed and developing countries demands more parking spaces in urban areas. Underground car parking space in multi story buildings offers viable solution. However, lack of natural ventilation accumulates the harmful emissions from cars, operating in underground car parks. Exposure to these hazardous pollutants causes health risk to the users. Therefore, proper mechanical ventilation system should be adopted for the removal of harmful pollutants. This paper discusses the usage of modeling and simulation tools in the design of the mechanical ventilation system. Two widely used modeling techniques, multi-zone modeling and CFD modeling were used to simulate the contaminant distribution in a mechanical ventilated environment. The former provides an approximate macroscopic solution of the carbon monoxide (CO) distribution, while the later provides precise distribution of CO contours. The two models were validated against field measurements made at Chennai, India. The model predictions were very close to the actual site measurements. The impact of garage height and CO generation rate on ventilation requirement has been analysed

STUDI DESKRIPSI SISTEM PERPARKIRAN DI GALERIA MALL YOGYAKARTA

ABSTRACT This study is aimed to describe the eligibility of parking system at Galeria Mall Yogyakarta in parking vehicle based on the standard of the Director General of Land Transportation and NAASRA. The subjects of this study are parking spaces at Galeria Mall Yogyakarta, located on Prof.Ir.Yohanes Street. The object of this study is the number of parking spaces available, patterns and dimensions of the parking space, the dimensions of crossing tracks. The data collection is done by conducting observation and field documentation. The findings of this study which have been conducted indicate that: 1) In terms of quantity, the capacity of car parking spaces: providing only 69% (149 units) out of 214 units that do not meet the standards of calculation of Director General of land transportation, worth 2.8 / 100m² from 5.5/100m² so it does not meet the NAASRA standards. While motorcycle parking space capacity provides 106% (408) out of 385 units so that it meets the standards of calculation. 2) In terms of quality of SRP car parking area meets the standards: the parking angle and the parking spaces are effective, Modules, Bp, Lp. SRP B1 floor car area meets the standards: the parking angle and the parking spaces are also effective, car area on Bp, Lp. SRP B2 Floor meets the standards: the parking angle and the parking spaces are effective (C1, C2, C3), module, the furthest width of parking space (C1, C2, C3), Bp (C1, C3), Lp (C1, C2, C3). SRP Floor B2 motorcycle area meets the standards: the parking angle and the parking spaces are effective. Keywords: Dimension, Crossing Track, Capacity, Parking Space, SRP

Monitoring Parking Space Availability via Zigbee Technology

With the rapid growth of vehicle availability and usage on the road in recent years, finding a vacant car parking space is becoming more and more difficult which resulting in a number of conflicts such as traffic problems. In this paper, a prototype of Monitoring Parking Space Vacancy System is introduced using wireless technologies to alleviate the traffic problems. The system includes two modules, parking lot vacancy monitoring module, and master module. Parking lot vacancy monitoring module consists of digital infrared sensor, liquid crystal display (LCD), and Zigbee module which are interfaced with PIC microcontroller. Master modules include laptop GUI display, and Zigbee modules. The user can get the status of parking lot vacancy through the LCD of monitoring parking vacancy module. The Zigbee transceiver on monitoring parking vacancy module which interfaced with microcontroller is to transmit the infrared sensor data when the digital infrared sensor detects the presence of vehicle in the parking areas and thus provide the status of the parking lot to be displayed in master module with Graphical User interface (GUI).

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF RC FRAME STRUCTURE WITH SOFT STOREY

Multistoried buildings with open ground floor are inherently vulnerable to collapse due to earthquake load, their construction is still widespread in the developing nations due to social and functional need for provide car parking space at ground level. Engineering community warned against such buildings from time to time. Along with gravity load structure has to withstand to lateral load which can develop high stresses which leads to destruction of buildings. In this case study R.C.C. building is modeled and analyzed in three cases. I) Model with no infill wall (Bare Model). II) Model with bottom storey open. III) Model with steel bracing system at bottom storey. Dynamic analysis of the building models is performed in ETABS. The performance of the building is evaluated in terms of Storey Drifts, Lateral Displacements, Lateral Forces, Storey Stiffness, Base shear, Time period, Torsion. It is found that steel braced system significantly contributes to the structural stiffness and reduces the maximum inter story drift, lateral displacement of R.C.C building. The results of bare frame, steel braced system and open bottom storey frame are discussed and conclusions are made.

Intelligent Parking Management System Based on Image Processing

This paper aims to present an intelligent system for parking space detection based on image processing technique. The proposed system captures and processes the rounded image drawn at parking lot and produces the information of the empty car parking spaces. In this work, a camera is used as a sensor to take photos to show the occupancy of car parks. The reason why a camera is used is because with an image it can detect the presence of many cars at once. Also, the camera can be easily moved to detect different car parking lots. By having this image, the particular car parks vacant can be known and then the processed information was used to guide a driver to an available car park rather than wasting time to find one. The proposed system has been developed in both software and hardware platform. An automatic parking system is used to make the whole process of parking cars more efficient and less complex for both drivers and administrators.

Transport and clinical practice

This article summarises the transport and health agenda for health care practitioners who seek to understand how transport-related issues affect the well-being of their patients, and how disease and symptoms affects their patients' ability to travel. It is a resource for general medical education; it may also be useful in specialist training and in the training of other health professionals, particularly nurses and therapists. There is a lack of awareness among many health care professionals of the health benefits of active travel, adverse consequences of car use, and the financial cost to health services in providing car parking spaces.