Car Dealers Research Articles

Design and Development of Integrated Platform for Automobile Sales Model under the Background of Big Data

Based on the integration of the big data background and the exploration of related technologies in the enterprise service bus, this article focuses on the management strategy of auto parts, carries out theoretical analysis on parts classification, parts demand forecast, parts inventory control, and combines the characteristics of the auto parts industry. Research. At the same time, combined with the demand analysis of the actual business process of the car dealer, the car dealer business system based on the SOA integrated platform is designed. In the system design stage, the current more popular model-view-controller (MVC) three-tier design pattern is adopted to better focus on the hierarchical development of each level.

Role of change leadership styles on cognitive rigidity at selected automobile dealerships in Durban, South Africa

Leadership is a core component of organizational management, but its functions are getting more complex with the increasing involvement of changes taking place in the world. As such, the complicated operation of managing cognitive rigidity as a form of resistance to change amongst employees is very critical. On the other hand, resistance to change is described as one of the impediments to organizational expansion due to its negative consequences. To cope with change, there is a need for an effective leadership style. This study focuses on the association between change leadership styles, i.e., transformational and transactional leadership styles with cognitive rigidity as a form of resistance to change. The study further seeks to investigate the impact of these leadership styles on employees’ resistance to cognitive rigidity at the selected automobile dealerships in the Durban Metropolitan Region of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Theories on change and leadership styles have been considered in this paper. A descriptive survey design was adopted to collect information from a stratified sample size using self-administered questionnaires to 170 staff at automotive dealerships in the metropolitan of Durban in South Africa. Pearson correlational and regression analysis were employed to analyze data. Results indicated significant correlations between these change leadership styles and cognitive rigidity as a form of resistance to change. However, the transactional leadership style revealed a more substantial possibility of increasing resistance to change. The study recommends that management practice the transformational leadership style to encourage employee participation in the decision, build confidence, accept constructive criticisms, effective communication and transparency, thereby reducing rigidity.

Disparities in the “who” and “where” of the vehicle purchase decision-making process for lower-income households

The completion of a vehicle purchase is a major decision point which presents substantial financial implications for low-income households. As compared to the expansive bodies of literature on the low-income housing search and the relationship between travel behavior constraints and intra-household race and sex/gender dynamics, literature on the sociodemographic drivers influencing the vehicle search and purchase process for low-income households is scant. We begin to fill these knowledge gaps by analyzing data on major decision-making aspects of vehicle purchase from a representative survey of 1,604 low- and moderate-income households in California, where vehicle ownership and dependence among low-income households is high. We find that sex/gender and race or ethnicity both influence who within a household is the reported primary-decision maker in vehicle purchase searches, with Hispanic and Asian females being significantly less likely to be described as the primary decision-maker in their households’ processes. More educated, higher income and older respondents were also more likely to purchase a vehicle from a traditional automobile dealer rather than an online seller or other informal source. These findings reflect broader, regressive differences in intra-household financial decision-making as well as inequitable disparities in the purchase process. The results also present implications for lower-income household financial management, and a growing field of policymaking aimed to support a just transition in clean vehicle adoption.

Hausar Masu Sayar da Motoci a Garin Sakkwato

Car dealers (tokunbo) in Sokoto metropolis use three strategies namely, extension of meaning, coinage, and borrowing in forming their slang that makes no sense to customers. The central objective of this paper is to study and analyze the aspect of language use to ascertain the existence of this slang. This paper is a product of primary data collection through interviews and direct observation of traders’ utterances. Six various locations (shops) in the Sokoto metropolis were carefully selected and eight traders were also interviewed. The findings of this paper discovered that the traders coin new words and semantically expand some Hausa words to suit their commercial communications. The paper also revealed that traders use slang in their communications, which cannot be understood by other Hausa speakers.

РИСКИ В АВТОКРЕДИТОВАНИИ

Car loans are a common type of consumer credit, have fundamental distinguishing features from other types of lending, and are an example of a complex interaction between a bank, a car dealership, a client and insurance companies. The article reveals the essence of risks in car loans, analyzes statistics on the reasons for non-repayment of consumer credit among individuals. Based on the results of the study, proposals to reduce the probability of non-repayment of car loans are substantiated and possible positive and negative consequences of the introduction of the proposed measures are considered.

THE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF A CAR DEALER IN SAN PABLO, CITY

Effective inventory management is crucial for effective organizational functioning. The study focused on the inventory management practices used by a car dealer in San Pablo, City and their effectiveness, its importance and the challenges faced in applying inventory management practices by automotive dealers. The participants of the study are the employees of the company: Parts, Sales, Service, Finance and Admin Departments. Findings highlight the dealer’s employment of the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for stock valuation, managed via bin cards and excel. The study concludes that adept inventory management can curtail costs. Recommendations involve refining strategies with precise record-keeping, a robust stock plan, and meticulous accounting for an efficient inventory system.

THE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF A CAR DEALER IN SAN PABLO, CITY

Effective inventory management is crucial for effective organizational functioning. The study focused on the inventory management practices used by a car dealer in San Pablo, City and their effectiveness, its importance and the challenges faced in applying inventory management practices by automotive dealers. The participants of the study are the employees of the company: Parts, Sales, Service, Finance and Admin Departments. Findings highlight the dealer’s employment of the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for stock valuation, managed via bin cards and excel. The study concludes that adept inventory management can curtail costs. Recommendations involve refining strategies with precise record-keeping, a robust stock plan, and meticulous accounting for an efficient inventory system.

Investigating after-sales service, customer satisfaction and word of mouth nexus: evidence from a branded car dealership

Investigating after-sales service, customer satisfaction and word of mouth nexus: evidence from a branded car dealership

ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ВТОРИННОМУ РИНКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕЙ

Today, in an era where mobility is highly sought after, owning a car has become a necessity to avoid reliance on alternative modes of transportation. However, the cost of purchasing a new car and the expenses associated with its maintenance are considerably high. That`s why a significant number of individuals and companies have shifted their attention towards the secondary car market. Consequently, it has become imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the used car market, develop effective pricing models, and formulate strategic pricing approaches for car dealerships and other key participants in the market. In order to address these challenges, the authors of this study have implemented advanced statistical methods to meticulously examine the numerical data at hand. The technique of multi-factor linear regression has been employed to forecast the price formation trends in the secondary market. Additionally, econometric methods have been utilized to assess the precision of the price indicators. Moreover, a meticulously devised model has been extensively analyzed and formulated to accurately calculate the optimal price for used cars in the secondary market. The economic advantage of developing such a formula lies in the ability to effectively compare the approximate value of a used car obtained from the secondary market with that of a brand-new vehicle for the company. The findings of this study aim to guide individuals and automotive dealerships in making well-informed decisions by selecting the most suitable options based on their cost and quality. The developed pricing formula offers a distinct economic advantage by facilitating a direct comparison between the approximate value of used cars in the secondary market and that of new vehicles available to companies. In summary, this comprehensive study provides invaluable insights into the intricate dynamics of pricing within the secondary vehicle market. By shedding light on these dynamics, it significantly contributes to the informed decision-making process for various participants in the market, ultimately leading to better outcomes for all stakeholders involved.

The Issue of Own Money


 
 
 
 
 Charging own money on vehicles has become a norm in Pakistan’s automobile * industry. Own is a form of premium charged by the car dealers over and above the price of the vehicle for express delivery of the vehicle. An artificial shortage, primarily due to low production numbers, allows dealers and other investors to pre-book vehicles and charge own from end buyer for immediate transfer of ownership once the demand for vehicle rises in the market.
 As per our estimates, in the last five years at least PKR 150-170 billion was paid as own money on cars in Pakistan, with own being charged on 80 to 90 percent of vehicles. This means, Pakistani car consumers pay an additional PKR 30-34 billion annually in undocumented transactions under the disguise of own money for the purchase of cars. In the last five years, Pakistan produced less than a million vehicles under the cars and jeeps category (See Fig 1). During the same period, Morocco produced twice as many vehicles while Turkey’s production remained over six times more than Pakistan. Moreover, Brazil’s vehicle production remained nearly thirteen (13) times more than vehicles produced in Pakistan.
 In addition to low production numbers, lack of effective regulations allows the automobile companies, dealers, and other investors to foster the own money culture in the automobile market. While the invoice amount of vehicle is paid through banking channels directly to the automobile manufacturer, the own money transactions occur through cash only, thus, creating a significantly large black economy in the automobile sector of Pakistan. PIDE Knowledge Brief No. 41:2021 details the ground realities of the nuisance of the own money culture.
 
 
 
 

Radical and Incremental Innovations as Critical Leveragers of a Firm's Financial Performance: Best Practices from Tesla and Toyota

Even if the rippling effects of radical and incremental innovations often bolster a firm's overall effective financial performance, managing all kinds of innovation activities is often not a linear process that induces the desired outcome and profitability levels. Thus, given the high rivalrism in the global car market, this paper offers a critical analysis of Tesla and Toyota's radical and incremental innovation management strategies so as to extract the best practices that can be emulated by other innovation ventures to bolster their competitiveness and financial performance. Methodology used in such analysis entailed a systematic review and synthesis of the existing online data, academic journals and textbooks on Tesla and Toyota's radical and incremental innovation management strategies. Combined with the interview of twenty personnel from car dealers in Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland about their perceptions of Tesla and Toyota's innovative products, outcomes of such systematic review were triangulated with the core radical and incremental innovation management theories to discern how they offer coherent explanation of Tesla and Toyota's innovation space and management strategies. Though Tesla and Toyota seem to use similar radical and incremental innovation management strategies of search, select, implement and capture, Toyota was still found to have a radical product innovation disadvantage that undermines the development of better EVs to counter Tesla's premium EVs. Similarly, Tesla also has a radical process innovation deficiency that affects the development of cheaper and affordable EVs to further erode Toyota's market dominance. Given such findings, the paper highlights some of the best radical and incremental innovation management practices that can be emulated by different innovation ventures to create, deliver and capture the desired innovation values that can bolster their overall competitiveness and financial performance.

Idegen szavak elavulása határon innen és túl

In my study, I would like to deal with those foreign words that have become obsolete in Hungary, but are still in live use in other parts of the Hungarian language area. This is usually explained by the fact that speakers in the regions have adopted them from the language of contact, ie they are modeled on Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, German, Slovak, Ukrainian or Romanian. Obsolescence can be complete, it can cover the whole word, then it is obsolete in all its meanings, but sometimes the use of the word only in a certain sense is old, obsolete, it is considered partial obsolescence. An obsolete foreign word or its equivalent in the motherland may appear in use in several ancient ways, and sometimes it appears only in one of the regions. For example, the word advokát 'lawyer, legal adviser', which is obsolete in Hungary, can be found in the same form, meaning 'lawyer' in the Hungarian regional languages of Transylvania, the Highlands, Vojvodina, Transcarpathia, Croatia and Mura region. In the meaning of ‘general trade’, the obsolete equivalent of the main name of the bazár occurs only in the Highlands, in the form of a bazár and a autóbazár, denoting a used car dealership following the Slovak model. It seems a coincidence that the same word in one language becomes obsolete, is not required by speakers, and the other language needs and uses it, does not allow it to become obsolete. En pre-sumably has a rational explanation. It should be borne in mind that the acquisition of foreign words is not a phenomenon that takes place equally in different languages, so the path of a foreign word taken from contact languages is not necessarily the same as the etiology of an obsolete foreign word in Hungary. The time, place and method of receipt must also be taken into account for a proper evaluation. Quite a few foreign words came to Hungarian in Hungary through German me-diation, but their counterparts reached Hungarian Serbs via French and Serbian mediation. There are some obsolete ones among them. For example, obsolete kredit meaning ‘loan’ is of German origin in Hungarian in Hungary. In Vojvodina's parlance, the meaning of kredit of French-Serbian origin is, on the one hand, a 'loan, a loan' and, on the other hand, an amount of ‘money that can be negotiated (on a mobile phone); frame'. It has its first meaning in Transylvania, Croatia, the Mura region and the Guardian region, and the second in Transylvania and the Highlands. The phenome-non may also be related to the fact that speakers living in regions outside Hungary rarely use the Hungarian equivalent of an outdated foreign word, or do not know the foreign word at all under the influence of another language, in which case the kredit noun is used instead of the hitel noun used.

Determinants of consumers’ purchase intentions of electronic vehicles

Electric vehicles are being introduced as a sustainable innovative solution, aimed at eliminating the negative environmental effects by having the ability to reduce carbon emissions, air pollution and fossil fuel dependency. It is therefore important for management, marketers and government to find innovative ways to promote and increase the adoption rate of these vehicles. This paper aims to make use of the theory of consumption values to predict the purchase intention for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in Gauteng, South Africa. Using structured questionnaire and convenience sampling, data was collected from 286 respondents. Online data collection was used due to the Coronavirus pandemic restrictions, which limited the researchers’ abilities to explain items in the questionnaire. A partial least squares structural equation modelling was performed to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicate that functional, social, emotional and conditional values are positively related to customers’ purchase intention of PHEVs, while the epistemic value is not positively related. This study will provide useful information to electric vehicle manufacturers, car dealerships, marketing managers and the government in developing strategies aimed at encouraging the adoption of PHEVs.

Real Effects of Search Frictions in Consumer Credit Markets

Abstract We show that search frictions in credit markets affect accepted interest rates and loan sizes and distort consumption. Using data on car loan applications and originations not intermediated by car dealers, we isolate quasi-exogenous variation in both the costs and benefits to searching for credit. After identifying lender-specific policies that price risk discontinuously, we study the differential response to offered interest rates by borrowers who face high and low search costs. High-search-cost borrowers are 10$\%$ more likely to accept loan offers with higher markups, consequently originating smaller loans and purchasing older and less expensive cars than lower-search-cost borrowers. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Measuring the Quality of Car Dealership Services from the Point of View of Customers by Applying to the Automotive Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The study aimed to measure the quality of car dealership services from the point of view of customers by applying to the automotive sector in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to raise the level of car companies’ services and for agencies to achieve the customers’ desires, needs and satisfaction, improve the quality of services, and the possibility of reaching results in improving the quality of services through which recommendations can be proposed Contribute to increasing customer satisfaction. The research problem was the quality of service provided by car dealerships and not the product itself. Low service quality is a selling problem, not a brand problem. Service quality expectations for new car owners have been increasing, increasing pressure on car manufacturers as well as dealerships to provide high-quality products and services. After-sales services and repairs at car dealerships have received much criticism from customers compared to their other purchasing experiences. Customer dissatisfaction with the quality of after-sales services at car dealerships highlighted the importance of providing high-quality services to customers to improve their satisfaction and generate positive behavioral intentions. Since the main objective of the study was to measure the quality of car dealership services from the point of view of customers by applying to the automotive sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, our study targeted the clients of five of the largest car companies and agencies in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The design and distribution of the questionnaire designed for this study was distributed to a sample of clients. Due to the large size of the target community, it was also relied upon the method of distributing the questionnaire during the interview, as the use of this method makes the respondents' answers more credible, as well as helps the respondent in answering the various questionnaire axes upon request. The study reached several results, the most important of which are: There is a statistically significant relationship between the quality of the services provided with its dimensions (service tangibility, reliability, response, empathy, safety) and customer satisfaction within the car agencies under study.

Penerapan Fatwa DSN–MUI Nomor: 08/DSN–MUI/IV/2000 Dalam Praktik Akad Pembiayaan Musyarakah Di Perbankan Syariah (Studi Kasus Di PT. BPRS Tanmiya Artha Kediri)

This study aims to determine: 1) The practice of Musyarakah financing contracts at PT. BPRS Tanmiya Artha Kediri includes musharaka with syndication and 2) The practice of musyarakah financing contracts in the perspective of DSN-MUI Fatwa Number: 08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 at PT. BPRS Tanmiya Artha Kediri, both general muyarakah and syndicated musyarakah. This research is a qualitative research with the type of case study. The results obtained are 1) The form of the Musyarakah financing contract is working capital on housing projects, electrical installations, agriculture, and car dealerships. Syndicated financing is carried out by inter-Islamic banks only, the average number is 2 to 5 banks that participate in financing in one syndication. The calculation of profit sharing is carried out using a revenue sharing system. The growth of musyarakah financing contracts rose very high at the end of 2019 due to syndicated financing between other Islamic banks. The first Musyarakah financing contract in 2019 was the result of a syndication with PT. A for housing project development, 2) Syndication of PT. A by using the musyarakah financing contract, he has complied with the rules contained in the DSN-MUI Fatwa, namely qabul consent, guarantees, capital, profits, dispute resolution, and a clear division of labor and is stated in writing in the agreement.

Maintenance mechanisms of child restraint system use based on the health action process approach theory: Evidence from China

Objective Adherence to the use of child restraint system (CRS) can greatly reduce child casualties in road traffic accidents. This study aims to develop the behavior maintenance model of CRS use based on the health action process approach (HAPA) theory to explore the maintenance mechanisms, suggesting appropriate intervention strategies. Methods Adopting the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a cross-sectional survey for guardians recruited from kindergarten and primary school was conducted using the questionnaire developed based on the HAPA theory in Nanjing, China, and 1135 valid samples were finally obtained. Rigorous analysis procedures of the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method were applied by using SmartPLS3.3.2 software. Results The results confirmed that action self-efficacy (β = 0.479, P < 0.001) and negative outcome expectancy (β = −0.187, P < 0.001) were valid predictors of intention in the non-intentional stage, intention (β = 0.488, P < 0.001) and maintenance self-efficacy (β = 0.334, P < 0.001) contributed significantly to action planning in the intentional stage, while action planning (β = 0.470, P < 0.001) and recovery self-efficacy (β = 0.256, P < 0.001) jointly determined behavior maintenance in the action stage. It was also revealed that action planning fully mediated the relation between intention and behavior maintenance (β = 0.229, P < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the above mechanisms, interventions aimed at the stages of non-intention, intention, and action should be designed and implemented, with the participation of the government, automobile dealers, and communities to promote the maintenance of improved CRS use behavior.

Make waiting not to seem like waiting: Capacity management of waiting-area entertainment

To operationalize the psychological principle that “occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time”, it is common for service providers to offer entertainment options in the waiting areas. Typical examples that put in practice this mechanism include amusement parks, car dealers, airports, hospitals, restaurants, etc. In this paper, we study a queueing system where the server provides entertainment services to waiting customers. Assuming customers are strategic and delay-sensitive, we formulate a game-theoretical model and study customers' equilibrium behavior in response to this mechanism. Because offering waiting-area entertainment incurs extra operational costs, we discuss whether and when this option will benefit the service provider and obtain the optimal entertainment capacity that maximizes the system's profit. Our analysis reveals that this option is appealing if and only if the market size is intermediate and that the optimal capacity of the entertainment is a unimodal function in the market size. Our insights continue to remain valid when the service fee becomes endogenous.

Customer experience: A top priority for car dealerships

Customer experience: A top priority for car dealerships

CAUSES OF VEHICLE BREAKDOWNS AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTION

Nowadays, as the number of cars in the world is growing rapidly, their malfunctions are also increasing and new problems are arising. This article explores these problems, provides new solutions, and shows the reasons for their origin. This article was written as a result of a practical study of local and foreign service centers and car dealerships in our country.