Car Buying Research Articles

Harga dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil yang Dimediasi Kepuasan Konsumen

This study aims to determine the effect of price and product quality on car buying decisions mediated by consumer satisfaction. This research method is quantitative research with 100 respondents spread across DKI Jakarta. Data processing using SMARTPLS 3.3 data processing. The results showed that the results of the T test were, a) the price variable on consumer satisfaction had a statistical t value of 1.052 < 1.96 and p-value 0.294 > 0.05; b) product quality variable on consumer satisfaction has a statistical t value of 6.457 > 1.96 and p-value 0.000 < 0.05; c) the price variable on consumer purchasing decisions has a t-statistic value of 2.698 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.007 < 0.05; d) the product quality variable on consumer purchasing decisions has a t-statistical value of 2.796 > 1.96 and p-value 0.005 < 0.05; e) the variable of consumer satisfaction with purchasing decisions has a t-statistical value of 3.471 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05; f) the price variable on purchasing decisions with consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable has a statistical t value of 1.051 < 1.96 and p-value 0.294 > 0.05; g) the experiential marketing variable on repurchase intention with consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable has a statistical t-value of 2.669 > 1.96 and a p-value of 0.008 < 0.05. In conclusion, there are two variables that have no significant effect, namely the price variable on consumer satisfaction and the price variable on consumer decisions mediated by consumer satisfaction. While other variables have a significant effect, namely, a) product quality on consumer satisfaction; b) prices on consumer purchasing decisions; c) product quality on consumer purchasing decisions; d) consumer satisfaction with purchasing decisions; e) experiential marketing on repurchase intention with consumer satisfaction as a mediating variable.
 Keywords: Price, Consumer Satisfaction, Purchase Decision, Product Quality

Factors Affecting Vehicle Purchase in Major Cities

Nowadays, personal vehicles have become synonymous with the modern city market. The development and splendor of the city can also portray by the use of such vehicles. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting vehicle buying in major cities. This research used descriptive and causal research design. Primary data were collected. Survey research was administered and 2000 responses were collected. A PLS-SEM tool was used to test validity, reliability and path of advance modeling. This research confirmed expected features, price, dealer/showroom influence has significant influence on car buying. After sales service has no effect on car buying. Marketers should identify target group who showed interest on cars and marketing programs should be directed to them.

How to identify product defects and segment consumer groups on an online auto forum

AbstractChina's automotive industry has entered a stage of great growth. Owing to the widespread and rapid information dissemination of online automotive forums, they have become an important source for manufacturers to collect product defect information and understand consumer preferences. The purpose of this study is to investigate car defect information and consumer preferences from online automotive forums and segment consumers based on consumer preferences, which holds great promise as a means for companies to improve product design and consumer relationship management. Based on text data of China's top‐ranked Pacific Auto Network, we applied the LDA model, sentiment analysis, text classification, and cluster analysis methods to determine the influencing factors of automobile consumers’ purchasing behavior, identified automobile product defects, and subdivided consumer groups. The results show that the factors affecting consumers’ car buying behavior are low fuel consumption, affordable price, superior performance, fashionable appearance, and comfortable use. Car product defects are mainly reflected in the three aspects of the car's performance, comfort, and configuration; there are six kinds of consumer groups: price seekers, fuel consumption seekers, performance seekers, comfort seekers, cost performance seekers, and appearance seekers. Of these, cost performance seekers make up the largest proportion, and they constitute the largest group of intention purchasers. These findings can help enterprises develop targeted product improvement programs, but also provide a decision‐making basis for enterprises to achieve precision marketing.

TANGGUNG JAWAB DEALER TERHADAP INDENTOR DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI MOBIL DENGAN SISTEM INDEN

In this journal, the author discusses the issue of dealer responsibility for indentor in car buying and selling agreements with indent systems. The purpose of writing this journal is to find out the implementation of the sale and purchase agreement with the indent system at PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Baubau in addition to knowing how the dealer's responsibility if the car received indentor is not in accordance with the promised. This research is an empirical legal paper and uses a qualitative approach with primary data sources obtained from interview results and secondary data obtained from the literature study process. 
 The data analysis method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The results showed that in the implementation of buying and selling consumers were given an order form in the form of Vehicle Order Letters and paid a finished mark of Rp. 5,000,000-, for a cash-indented car advance of at least 30% while the credit indent was at least 25% of the price of the car ordered. 
 The dealer's responsibility when default is if the car received late the dealer always provides the latest information about delivery, If there is a hidden defect in the dealer's car replaces the damage with factory standards, if the car received does not match the color ordered the dealer offers the car with the same type of different color. PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Baubau should write clearly in the Vehicle Order Letter important points such as certainty of delivery time, vehicle repayment deadline, and risk of violation of these points and provide assurance to consumers in purchase in indent by maintaining communication between the dealer and the manufacturer to reduce the risk of delays and errors in delivery and the quality of goods (no damage) of the vehicle.

Investigating Consumer Decision-Making Styles of Car Buyers in Croatia

This research sought to explore consumer decision-making styles of buyers in the car market in the Republic of Croatia. Additional aim of this research was also to add on the literature on consumer decision-making styles to further the understanding of the specificity of consumer behavior when buying a car. The research was conducted with in-depth interviews with car buyers using a non-probability purposive sample. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with car dealership employees who were consulted for additional information. The results indicate that car buyers in the Republic of Croatia make their car buying decisions based on specific consumer decision-making styles. Based on the relevant literature and empirical research, ten consumer decision-making styles specific to car buyers in the Republic of Croatia were identified: price sensitivity, susceptibility to the influence of others, interest in automobiles, involvement in car purchase, brand loyalty, and brand, quality, aesthetics, innovation and functionality consciousness. The research was conducted on a sample of respondents from the Croatian market, so the results cannot be applied to other markets. Also, the study was conducted on a smaller and a non-representative sample, so the results should be verified on a larger and representative sample.

Aplikasi Disain Komposit Pusat Pada Proses Pengecatan Mobil Bekas

The business of buying and selling used cars is increasingly substantial in Indonesia, in the era of globalization progressively developing depends on demands a process that must be fast, precise, and economical. Repair to body, chassis, and engine are competency expertise in the field of Automotive Engineering that emphasizes automotive repair service skills. at now selling price of used cars, it is necessary to do repairs, the process of repairing used cars or better known as refurbishment work pre-owned cars is mostly done by small-scale used car buying and selling businesses. In order for used cars to return to their like-new condition, generally small-scale used car sellers carry out the process of repairing the vehicle themselves, especially repairs to the vehicle's body paint. This study aims to process of painting a Toyota Avanza car bodypaint against the thickness of the paint using a spray booth tool by using the model of central composite design (CCD). The effect of spray-on booth temperature, interstice size of the spray gun, and time according to the thickness of the paint will be analyzed using the CCD method. This spray booth painting technology is expected to help reduce bodypaint lead time. The results of the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) regression analysis, the temperature of the spray booth, interstice size of the spray gun, and time are the factors that most significantly affect the thickness of the paint. The operating conditions to produce optimal paint thickness are temperature 55oC, interstice size of spray gun of 1.7 mm and time of painting and drying of 30 minutes, the resulted of a thickness of the paint for used and new cars are 130.2 μm and 81.84 μm., with a coefficient of determination for used and new cars of 90.78% and 96.19%.

Discriminant analysis application to understand the usage of digital channels while buying a car

PurposeRole of digital channels in car buying has increased manifold and consumers are making significant use of various digital channels throughout the decision-making process. However, there are very less number of studies available if one wishes to understand the specific reason(s) for the use of a particular digital channel of communication. This study deals with the identifications of the reason(s) leading towards the usage of particular digital channel of communication while buying a car.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative methodology was adopted for the study. A total of 10 digital channels namely the websites, social networking sites, YouTube, Smartphones, Online communities, Digital TV, Digital Outdoors, e-mails and others were considered in the study. Data was collected from 603 car buyers from Delhi using digital channels of communication.FindingsThe results of the study revealed that Website and YouTube were used for being compatible. Social networking sites, smartphones, digital outdoors and e-mails were used for being informative. Online communities were used for offering customers and experts' reviews. Digital TV was used for being easy to use.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considers the respondents from Delhi only. A more representative sample covering various parts of the country would offer more relevant results for the marketers as digital divide existing between rural and urban India cannot be simply ignored.Practical implicationsThe study reveals that car buyers are making ample usage of digital channels wherein website is the most used digital channel and smartphones are the most used digital devices used by the car buyers.Social implicationsStudy also reveals that car buyers might use search engines to reach the marketer's website, so effective search engine optimization (SEO) strategies should be adopted. Important keywords used in the search engines should be used in the website as well as in the links.Originality/valueMajority of the available studies use digital as an umbrella term for myriad digital channels. So understanding about the usage of specific channel of communication remains an under-researched area. Such understanding strengths and broadens the existing knowledge about technology mediated consumer behaviour especially in extended problem-solving product category.

A Research Paper on Digital Transformation in Car Buying Process: Understanding Usage Intentions with the Technology Acceptance Models

Digital interventions have affected every business and product category. Consumers are making use of digital channels and platforms to research, explore, review and buy the routine items like grocery to speciality and high involvement products involving significant outlay such as Car. However, it remains yet to be researched adequately by the researchers in an emerging economy context, whether the purchase of a product like car has been affected in same way as that of routine items by the digital channels. This study compares the most popular intentions-based models namely technology acceptance model (TAM) with the decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) to predict the intentions of Indian car buyers to employ digital marketing communication while making a car buying decision. The study is of great relevance to the academicians because it provides a peep into the role of consumer’s intention in shaping consumer behaviour. Not many studies have applied the intention based models in Indian passenger car market especially in technology mediated environment. The study has not only seen the application of intention-based models in a relatively unexplored category, but also puts forwards the most suitable model that could be used by the marketers to predict the usage intentions and actual usage of digital marketing communication thereafter, while taking a car buying decision. Primary data was obtained from 500 car buyers consisting of both actual and potential buyers from Delhi. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate and compare both the models in terms of overall fit, explanatory power and significance. The results of the study revealed that digital channels have transformed the car buying process and DTPB was more successful model in predicting Indian car buyers’ intentions to use digital marketing communication while buying a car.

Classifier Selection in Resource Limited Hardware: Decision Analysis and Resolution Approach

Digitalization, Industry 4.0 and Internet of things (IoT) have become more popular in the recent years. Most of these systems depend on micro-controllers and sensors. These micro-controllers and sensors are mostly cheap, low RAM and low CPU systems; thus, they are resource constrained environments. In this study, a supervised learning classifier comparison technique suitable for resource constrained environments is proposed. This technique, Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR), is originated in the domain of Software Engineering. First, DAR is explained using an example of car buying scenario. Then 11 off-the-shelf classifiers are compared using DAR for low RAM and less powerful CPU environments in an intrusion detection scenario. This scenario simulated on well-known KDD99 intrusion detection dataset. All the experiments are realized using python scikit-learn package. According to the experiments, Decision Tree classifier is the most suitable to implement for resource constrained environments with a small lead. Results for the other three classifiers (Bagging, Multi Layer Perceptron, Random Forest) are also very similar. To aid the reproducibility of the experiments, the whole source code of the study is provided in the popular open source repository https://github.com/ati-ozgur/classifier-comparison-using-DAR.

Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

Veblen was right: Conspicuous consumption and car loans in Russia

We study the connection between the social pattern of conspicuous consumption, on the one hand, and financialization, on the other. Our claim is that greater availability of consumer loans from Russian banks feeds consumerism and promotes the institution of conspicuous consumption. Cars have long been recognized as status symbols or ‘positional goods’ whose utility goes beyond their core functionality as a transportation means. The perception of social identity drives people to seek more expensive and fancy cars, while auto makers and car lenders deliberately foster consumer demand for them. We operationalize financialization with empirical evidence of bank financing of car purchase in the Rostov region of Russia. We find that leveraged car buying has taken root over the past 20 years. Getting a bank loan to buy an otherwise unaffordable car has become an acceptable social pattern. We see a sign of conspicuousness in the fact that the monetary income of households grows slower than the average price of a new car financed by a car loan, the amount of loans issued, and outstanding bank debt on car loans. Thus, households incur such expense by sacrificing other items including basic needs and their human capital development. The phenomenon that we study occurs among less affluent citizens rather than more affluent ones that Veblen focused on, and the range of cars serving as status symbols is broader than just luxury brands usually believed to be the object of conspicuous consumption. Our contribution to the literature is that a basic concept of institutional theory (conspicuous consumption) is combined with elements from other research approaches, namely social significance of bank lending, functional differentiation of credit, and the effects of financialization.

Consumer Brand Preference: An Empirical Study of Car Buying in Nepal

The main objective of the study is to identify the effect of product attributes, price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. Primary data was used for the study and data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale from car users in Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to car users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant positive relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. Moreover, it is found that, there is significant and positive influence of price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference and product attributes has no significant influence on brand preference in buying of car in Nepalese market.

PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL HONDA JAZZ

<em>The purpose of this study to obtain the empirical evidence and to find clarity of phenomena and conclusions about the influence of these two variables above on Car Buying Honda Jazz Decision to consumers Honda Jazz in Karawang. Samples were collected by using Purposive Sampling with a sample of 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques used are Scale Range Analysis and Path Analysis with the help of Method of Successive Interval (MSI), Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 21 computer programs. From the analysis of research data, obtained some conclusions are follows: Honda Jazz Car Image of 393.6 is on criteria Agreed. Quality of Honda Jazz Car Product of 382.2 is on criteria Agreed. Car Buying Honda Jazz decision of 398.53 is on criteria Agreed. There is a partial influence between Brand Image and Product Quality of 0.651. This shows a strong and undirectional relationship because it has a positive value. There is partial influence between Brand Image to Purchase Decision equal to 38.3% and there is partial influence between Product Quality to Purchase Decision equal to 47.3%. There is simultaneous influence between Brand Image and Product Quality on Car Buying Decision of Honda Jazz to consumers in Karawang equal to 60.3%, while the rest are other factors not examined equal to 39.7%.</em>

Brand Experience Clustering and Depiction of Brand Satisfaction, Brand Loyalty and Emotional Confidence

Abstract Brand experience (BE) is essential to depict long-term consumer brand relationships; this study investigates the influence of brand experience on emotional confidence (EC) and subsequent impact of brand satisfaction (BS) and brand loyalty (BL) in the context of car buying. Structural equation modeling was used to affirm the hypothesized relationships. This study further explores dimensions of brand experience: sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral concerning EC, BS, and BL. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to depict the relationship as a consequence, and four clusters were identified. The results of the structural model suggest that there is a positive and statistically significant influence of BE on EC, there is a positive and statistically significant influence of EC on BS, and there is a positive and statistically significant influence of BS on BL. When the direct path from EC to BL was added to the model, it increased the variance explained in BL and coefficient of EC was higher than the coefficient of BS suggesting that EC is an important construct within the formwork. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis identified four clusters; the relationship among EC, BS and BL showed interesting patterns; there were higher correspondents between EC and BL than between BS and BL; the pattern was consistent with the results of the structural model. The data was collected from car showrooms across Karachi city; the respondents were users of the brand.

Symbolic and affective motives, constraints and self-efficacy among Romanian car buyers

Cars have long been considered goods that symbolize status, yet few studies integrate the impact of symbolic and affective motives on the car buying decisions, with even fewer studies focusing on the infl uence of these motives on Eastern European consumers’ buying behaviour. The aim of this paper is to propose and test an integrative model, derived from the MOA model, which accounts for consumer motives (instrumental, symbolic and affective), constraints and abilities. The model is tested on a sample of Romanian consumers owning a driving licence. The data analysis was based on structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that symbolic and instrumental car use motives positively infl uence the intention to buy a car sooner, while affective motives have a negative infl uence, leading consumers to postpone the intention to buy a car. Results also show a signifi cant positive effect of self-effi cacy on intention implementation. Thus, the stimulation of symbolic motives may increase car buying intentions, while the presence of affective motives may lead consumers to still enjoy their current car. The paper contributes to expanding our understanding of consumer behaviour through an integrative model, which includes psychological motives, external factors and consumer abilities.

Consumer Management in Internet Age: A Study of Indian Car Buyers Digital Communication Adoption by Applying Competing Models

Consumer management has always been a challenging task for marketers. The task becomes even more challenging in internet age witnessing proliferation of emerging marketing practices with each passing year. Digital marketing communication has emerged as the most preferred communication alternative in recent years. Consumer have adopted digital communication in their buying decision process for number of product categories, still the adoption has not been studied adequately for products lying in extended problem solving category. This study compares the most popular technology adoption models to predict the intentions of Indian car buyers to use digital communication while making a car buying decision to better under the consumer management. Primary data was obtained from 801 car buyers consisting of both actual and potential buyers from Delhi. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate and compare the models in terms of overall fit, explanatory power and significance. The results of the study revealed that Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour in explaining the digital communication adoption which could be used by the marketers for better consumer management.

Carmax: Driving What's Possible

CarMax, based in Richmond, Virginia, is the largest retailer of used cars in the United States. Over the past several years leading up to 2019, CarMax has undergone a major digital transformation, integrating agile, lean, and user experience (UX) design best practices to become a customer-centric, product-driven organization.In this case, CarMax is facing new competitors (e.g., digital native players Carvana and CarsDirect), changing consumer shopping behavior, and technological advancements in electric cars, autonomous vehicles, and ride-sharing platforms. In order to maintain its dominant position in the used-car marketplace, CarMax must continue to evolve from a traditional brick-and-mortar model marked by legacy corporate practices (such as annual roadmaps and budget cycles) to a product-focused, omnichannel experience that delivers significant value to its customers. Excerpt UVA-S-0317 Aug. 26, 2019 CarMax: Driving What's Possible CarMax, a Fortune 200 company, was the largest used-vehicle retailer in the United States in 2019, operating 206 stores in 102 markets nationwide. Started as “just a test” by then–electronic giant Circuit City in 1993, “CarMax revolutionized the auto industry by delivering an honest, transparent, and high-integrity car buying experience” to its customers. For 26 years, CarMax's focus had been on making “car buying more ethical, fair, and stress free by offering a no-haggle experience and an incredible selection of vehicles.” In addition, CarMax had made car selling easy by offering no-obligation appraisals good for seven days, using the slogan “At CarMax, we'll buy your car even if you don't buy ours.” Headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, as of February 2019, CarMax had “nearly 25,000 associates nationwide and for 15 consecutive years [had] been named as one of the Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For.” The size of the pre-owned market in 2019 was at the highest levels since the recession, with sales of over 40 million vehicles totaling over $ 150 billion. Competition for this market included local dealer franchises that sold used cars, and large traditional players such as CarMax, Penske, AutoNation, and Lithia, plus a host of online dealerships that had recently emerged, such as CarsDirect and Carvana. Despite the intense competition, CarMax's sales had remained strong with impressive financial results (see Exhibit 1). CarMax sold more than one million vehicles (748,961 retail and 447,491 wholesale) in fiscal year 2019, a 7% increase from the previous year, while posting over $ 18 billion in revenue. In addition to selling more cars than any other used car dealer, an industry source reported that CarMax had the highest gross profit margin (over $ 2,100) and the highest gross profit per unit sold (10.7%). By comparison, upstart Carvana made less than $ 1,000 per car and a gross profit of about 5% per unit sold. In addition to competing through their different business models, the entire automotive industry was facing a great deal of disruptive change. During the annual shareholders' meeting on June 25, 2019, when Bill Nash, president and CEO of CarMax, was asked if he was concerned about the potential risks that new technologies (electric and autonomous vehicles in particular) and ride sharing posed to CarMax's business model, Nash responded: . . .

Proposed Idea of Online based Car Selling and Buying System in Bangladesh with the Concept of Automated Car Auction Systems in Japan

Proposed Idea of Online based Car Selling and Buying System in Bangladesh with the Concept of Automated Car Auction Systems in Japan

Enhanced understanding of purchase intentions in the context of car buying: Implications for academics and practitioners

This paper examines the factors that influence purchase intentions in the car buying context. Product attributes such as comfort level, brand name, affordability, resale value, serviceability, color, fuel efficiency, interior, entertainment and safety features are used to determine purchase preference. The results suggest that perceived behavioral control and attitude are major predictors of purchase intentions. Also a comparison of Toyota Vitz and Suzuki Swift reveals greater preference for the Vitz over the Swift.

Digital Marketing Communication and Car Buying: A Study of Potential Deterrents

The present study aims to identify the potential deterrents of digital marketing communication while buying a car. Data was collected from 801 respondents from Delhi using area wise proportionate sampling. 75% of the respondents used at least one digital channel of communication while buying a car. There were 25% of the respondents who didn’t use digital channels of communication while buying a car and relied exclusively upon traditional channels of communication. The study analyzed the respondents believing only in traditional channels of communication while buying a car to know the deterrents impeding the usage of digital channels of communication. The study also aimed to identify the distinct customers segments using traditional channels of communication while buying a car. Data was analyzed with the help of chi-square test and cluster analysis. ‘Technicality’ of the medium followed by ‘lack of knowledge and time’ were identified as the major deterrents of digital marketing communication. Two customer segments were identified in the study that made use of only traditional channels of communication while buying a car. First segment comprised of respondents ‘above 40 years of age’ belonging to ‘business’ category. Second segment was composed of respondents in ‘service’ occupational category belonging to ‘26 to 30 years age’ group.