Car Buyers Research Articles

ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN TUNJANGAN PROFESI GURU BERDASARKAN PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2019

Teacher Professional Allowances are given to teachers who have an educator certificate as an appreciation for their professionalism. The allowance is to raise their dignity dan increase their competence dan finance professional development. This study aims to analyze the use of PNSD Teacher Professional Allowance that occurs in SMAN 1 Patuk Gunungkidul dan analyze how PNSD Teacher Professional Teacher Allowance should be used.
 The research method used was a qualitative case study. Informants in this study were 25 PNSD teachers who had received the teacher professional allowance. Data collection techniques were carried out by using interviews, documentation dan triangulation, while data analysis techniques used data collection, data reduction, data presentation, descriptive data analysis dan verification dan data validation.
 The results showed that the use of PNSD teacher profession allowances that occurred did not meet the Permendikbud target number 19 of 2019, where most of the allowances were used to meet family needs including daily needs, education dan travel as well as renovation dan purchase of motorbikes or cars. The use of professional allowances that should be in accordance with Permendikbud No. 19 of 2019, namely most teachers have participated in seminars or workshops, subscribed to newspapers dan Wi-Fi to look for teaching materials, making teaching materials dan buying teaching support tools. They used their allowances to provide social assistance in the community dan schools by giving gifts or rewards to high-achieving students, giving funds to people who have died or are ill dan participating in social funding in schools dan the environment. They also buy books that are relevant in teaching dan teaching activities develop learning material with educational books.

The Value of a Technical Service Bulletin Index for the Consumer

Automobile Technical Service Bulletin Index represents additional information pertaining on the quality of a vehicle. Currently, there is no way for the consumer to evaluate this large amount of information when buying a new car. A Technical Service Bulletin Index is developed as an aid to the consumer to better understand the quality issues related to thirty different car models. When compared to two major existing surveys, the J.D. Power Initial Quality Study and the J.D. Power Vehicle Dependability Study, the Technical Service Bulletin Index proved that it provides new, useful information about automobile quality for consumers to use when making the decision of their next automobile purchase.

Why so few EVs are in Kuwait and how to amend it

The automotive industry is at a crossroad. Electric Vehicles (EV) now pose an existential threat to the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). In some Northern European nations over 50% of new cars sold are EVs, owing in large part to substantial financial incentives to buy and own an EV, such as tax discounts when purchasing an EV, fuel savings, and preferential use of transportation infrastructure. These countries have pledged to cease all imports of non-EVs by 2035. On the other end of the spectrum are Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, where EVs account for less than 1 percent of vehicles on the road, due in large part to financial and non-financial impediments to buying and owning an EV. In addition, the price per kilometer driven in the GCC is considerably lower with gasoline than with electricity, which contradicts the European experience where cost savings from electricity versus gasoline can be around 8 to 1. Furthermore, as there is an absence of purchase and ownership/utilization taxation of vehicles in the GCC, no tax discount can be levied, in contrast to the EV tax incentives common in Europe. This paper explores which qualities of driving and owning an EV in the GCC are necessary to persuade certain kinds of new automobile consumers to pay a higher purchasing price for owning an EV as opposed to an ICE, in spite of higher costs for electricity compared to gasoline per kilometer driven. This pilot study attempts to provide an insight to new car purchasing behavior among consumers in Kuwait via a qualitative innovative approach known as ‘Q Methodology’. Interestingly, the factors that emerged from the research represent three subjective perspectives of new car purchase in Kuwait which were labeled as Factor 1, ‘Value Seeker’; Factor 2, ‘Safety Seeker’; and Factor 3, ‘Performance Seeker’. The study concludes that given financial constraints, the ‘Value Seeker’ group is not likely to become an early adopter of EVs in the GCC region. Conversely, the ‘Performance Seeker’, which includes mainly younger men who are more likely to view the fast acceleration of EVs as a deciding factor, and the ‘Safety Seekers’, who are mainly younger women who would value the environmental aspects of EVs as well as the quiet driving experience and low maintenance requirements are determining factors for EV adoption in the GCC region in the future. Â

The Role Of Brand Image In Mediating Service Quality And Promotion Towards Decisions To Buy Car On Credit In The Covid-19 Period (Study Case At Pt Maybank Indonesia Finance Dki Jakarta And Tangerang Branch)

This study discusses the role of brand image in mediating service quality and promotion of car purchase decisions on credit during the Covid-19 period at PT Maybank Indonesia Finance. This research was conducted by using the probability sampling method with the type of simple random sampling. Researchers distributed questionnaires to 100 Maybank Finance consumer respondents in DKI Jakarta and Tangerang. Data analysis using Smart PLS analysis. The results of the analysis conclude that service quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. It can be said, good service quality will affect the decision to buy a car on credit at Maybank Finance. The promotion has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. It can be said that the company's promotions will influence the decision to purchase a car on credit at Maybank Finance. Service quality has a positive and significant influence on brand image. Good service quality will form a good brand image in the minds of consumers. The promotion has a positive and significant influence on brand image. If the promotion is increasing, it will affect the company's brand image. Brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. A good brand image will influence the decision to buy a car on credit at Maybank Finance. Brand image is also proven to have a role in mediating service quality on purchasing decisions.

Using DID Model to Analyse the Impact of Vehicle Purchase Tax on the Sales of Alternative Fuel Vehicle

At present, countries in the world are paying more and more attention to the importance of green development and sustainable growth, and taxation plays a very good role in regulating it. In China, the role of taxation policy as a means of stimulating green consumption is becoming more and more significant. This paper starts with the vehicle purchase tax and uses the Difference in differences (DID) model to study its impact on the alternative fuel vehicle industry. The purpose of the research is to use the method of empirical research to test the impact of preferential vehicle purchase tax policies on the sales of alternative fuel vehicles using automobile production and sales data as samples. This research is helpful to enrich the research on preferential policies of vehicle purchase tax, and provides a good reference for empirical research on the impact of vehicle purchase tax on the sales of the automobile industry. Researched the impact of tax incentives for automobile purchase tax, and proposes constructive guidance with China’s specific situation. It has an important impact on promoting China’s further improvement of the tax system reform and the development of the alternative fuel vehicle industry, and also plays an active role in supporting macroeconomic transformation and development.

Car Ratings Take a Back Seat to Vehicle Type: Outcomes of SUV Versus Passenger Car Crashes.

Car safety ratings are routinely utilized in making automobile purchase decisions. These 1- to 5-star ratings are based on crash test data comparing vehicles of similar type, size and weight. We hypothesized that car safety ratings are less important than vehicle factors such as vehicle type and weight in predicting outcomes of head-on crashes. A retrospective study was conducted on severe head-on motor vehicle crashes entered into the FARS (Fatality Analysis Reporting System) database between 1995 and 2010. This database includes all US motor vehicle crashes that resulted in a death within 30 days of the accident. Outcomes of SUV versus passenger car and passenger car versus passenger car head-on crashes were compared by safety rating. Exclusion criteria was added to eliminate collisions with insufficient information or unbelted passengers. The paired crash results were entered into a logistic regression model with driver death as the outcome of interest. The database contained 83,251 vehicles of any type that were involved in head-on crashes. In head-on crashes where the passenger car front driver crash rating was superior to the SUV's, the odds of death were 4.52 times higher for the driver of the passenger car (95% CI: 3.06-6.66). Ignoring crash ratings, the odds of death were 7.64 times higher for the passenger car driver (95% CI: 5.59-10.44). In passenger car versus passenger car head-on crashes, a lower car safety rating was associated with a 1.28 times higher odds of death (95% CI: 1.05-1.57). In passenger car vs. passenger car head-on crashes, each one point lower car safety rating resulted in a 1.22 times higher odds of death (95% CI: 1.03-1.44). Vehicle type (passenger car versus SUV) is a much more important predictor of death than crash safety ratings in SUV versus passenger car head-on crashes.

A purchase decision support model considering consumer personalization about aspirations and risk attitudes

Ranking alternative products to help consumers make better purchase choices is a valuable research topic. Most previous decision support models cannot be well applied to heterogeneous consumers. This paper focuses on establishing a personalized interactive model to assist consumers make better buying decisions with less effort. For the alternative products provided by consumers, we collect online reviews and parameter configurations of alternative products and then obtain the fusing evaluative information. As consumers are dominated by bounded rationality, they only provide partially key attribute weights, based on which, we construct an optimizing model to obtain the optimal attribute weights of customers for products. Then, a satisfaction function is proposed by uniting aspiration levels and risk attitudes of consumers and a compensatory decision rules is established to rank and recommend the brands to consumers. Finally, practicability of this study is illustrated with a real car purchase case. Through the case study, it can be seen that the proposed decision support model generates a personalized list of alternatives based on consumer's own utility function about risk attitudes, aspiration levels, and preferences for product attributes, which further confirms that the proposed model can capture the personalized needs of consumers. Theoretical and managerial implications of this model as well as advantages are further illustrated.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, KUALITAS PELAYANAN, DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL MITSUBISHI PADA PT. SARDANA INDAH BERLIAN MOTOR MEDAN

This research was conducted in PT Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of product quality, service quality and price on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The decision to buy Mitsubishi cars has decreased. This research method uses quantitative methods. The population in this study amounted to 1376 customers and the sample amounted to 93 customers. The sampling technique of this research is simple random sampling. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.710 <1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.480 > 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely partially Product Quality has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.062 < 1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.951 > 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely partially Service Quality has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.91 <1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.928> 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected that is partially the price has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The results of the simultaneous test are Fcount = 0.168 < Ftable 2.71 and the significance probability is 0.918 > 0.05. It can be concluded that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely simultaneously Product Quality, Service Quality and Price have no significant effect on the Mitsubishi Car Purchase Decision variable in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan.

Reducing Carbon Footprint Inequality of Household Consumption in Rural Areas: Analysis from Five Representative Provinces in China.

Household consumption carbon footprint and inequality reductions are vital for a sustainable society, especially for rural areas. This study, focusing on rural China, one of the fastest growing economies with a massive population, explored the carbon footprint and inequality of household consumption using the latest micro household survey data of 2018 linked to environmental extended input--output analysis. The results show that in 2018 in rural China, the average household carbon footprint is 2.46 tons CO2-eq per capita, which is around one-third of China's average footprint, indicating the large potential for further growth. Housing (45.32%), transportation (20.45%), and food (19.62%) are the dominant contributors to the carbon footprint. Meanwhile, great inequality, with a Gini coefficient of 0.488, among rural households is observed, which is largely due to differences in type of house built or purchased (explaining 24.44% of the variation), heating (18.10%), car purchase (12.44%), and petrol consumption (12.44%). Provinces, average education, and nonfarm income are among the important factors influencing the inequality. In the process of urbanization and rural revitalization, there is a high possibility that the household carbon footprint continues to increase, maintaining high levels of inequality. The current energy transition toward less carbon-intensive fuels in rural China is likely to dampen the growth rates of carbon footprints and potentially decrease inequality. Carbon intensity decrease could significantly reduce carbon footprints, but increase inequality. More comprehensive measures to reduce carbon footprint and inequality are needed, including transitioning to clean energy, poverty alleviation, reduction of income inequality, and better health care coverage.

Assessing one-way carsharing’s impacts on vehicle ownership: Evidence from Shanghai with an international comparison

Carsharing is considered an important alternative to the private car. Based on the studies in Europe and North America, it is agreed that carsharing can reduce private car ownership. However, due to the differences in the development stages and characteristics of cities and transportation, it is unknown whether carsharing can also decrease car ownership in China, which results in a gap in the evaluation of carsharing in China. This paper takes the carsharing project EVCARD in Shanghai as an example. Based on survey data on vehicle ownership from users and actual operations data, the impacts of carsharing on selling cars, giving up and delaying purchasing a car in Shanghai are quantitatively analyzed. The results in Shanghai are compared with the relevant research results in different cities around the world. The results show that: (1) the carsharing project in Shanghai also has the benefit of reducing private car ownership. Each carsharing vehicle can replace 4.56 private cars. However, unlike in European and North American cities, Shanghai carsharing mainly suppresses vehicle growth by reducing individual willingness to buy a car, because the proportion of cars sold owing to carsharing is obviously lower than in Europe and North America. (2) For giving up car purchases, carsharing mainly suppresses the first car in the family. (3) Good public transport and carsharing services can substantially improve the substitution benefits of carsharing for private cars. If carsharing can reach the service level of “whenever and wherever carsharing is available”, the proportion of users who sell, give up and delay buying cars will increase from 0.78%, 30% and 31% to 12%, 40% and 47% respectively. The findings in the study provide a quantitative basis for assessing the carsharing benefits on the reduction of vehicle ownership in China, and also provide a useful reference for evaluating carsharing benefits in other developing countries.

Comparing the Scandinavian automobile taxation systems and their CO2 mitigation effects

Despite their similarities, Scandinavian countries have adopted starkly different automobile tax regimes. The Danish system entails very high and convex tax rates with moderate CO2 differentiation. In Norway, tax rates are high and convex with strong CO2 differentiation and total exemptions for zero emission vehicles, even from value added tax. Sweden practices feebates – CO2 dependent subsidization along with moderate taxation. Relying on a disaggregate discrete choice model of automobile purchase, we simulate the demand for passenger cars as of 2016 in Norway under a set of conditions resembling, respectively, the Danish, Norwegian or Swedish fiscal incentives before and after recent reforms. In all cases, implications are derived in terms of energy technology market shares, average type approval CO2 emission rates, and aggregate fiscal revenue. The automobile taxation system is seen to have remarkable impacts on all three accounts. In essence, among the three jurisdictions examined, the Norwegian fiscal regime has by far the strongest CO2 abatement effect. The Danish system is less effective in terms of CO2 abatement, but provides twice as much government revenue. The Swedish feebate strategy is by far the least effective in terms of both CO2 mitigation and revenue collection. Highlights Automobile taxation is a powerful greenhouse gas abatement instrument. Tax exemptions for battery electric cars accelerate their market uptake. The disparate experiences of the three Scandinavian countries are quite instructive.

ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS AND ITS EFFECT ON CONSUMER PURCHASING DECISION IN THE NIGERIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Consumers are likely influenced by so many factors among them are demographic variables and economic variables, this is important especially in decision of capital expenditure such as the purchase of automobiles. This study investigated the demographic determinant of consumer purchase decision in the Nigeria Automobile industry. This study employed the use of survey method as well as descriptive analysis, by which consumers opinion where sampled. The population of the study car owners residing in Niger state with total car population of 508, 564(NGSDVR, 2012). The sample size of 1110 was determined through formula, plus mark up of 30% margin of non-response which totaled to one thousand four hundred and forty-three respondents. One thousand one hundred questionnaires were filled and returned. To ensure reliability of research instrument was conducted and the result of Cronch Bach alpha was .887 which is greater than. 70 Regression and correlations analysis was used to analyze the data collected with the aid of the statistical package (SPSS). Hypothesis one result showed a significant relationship between demographic variable and consumer purchase decision of automobile (R2 =. .968) and P value of.000, finally hypothesis two indicated that economic variables have a great influence on consumer purchase decision of automobiles (R2 =. .970) and P value of.000. Recommendations was that procedures should take all these variables into consideration in designing products and advertising.

The mind of a hybrid car buyer

No Abstarct.

Carsharing experience fostering sustainable car purchasing? Investigating car size and powertrain choice

Scholars suggest that carsharing may lead to a reduction in car ownership and car travel. Research on how carsharing is connected to other sustainable effects such as an increased openness to micro to mid-sized battery electric vehicles is limited, however. We thus adopted a stated choice survey with 995 participants from Switzerland to test the car purchase preference of mobility users with and without carsharing experience. Results suggest that - for people living in the countryside - carsharing users have a 3 times higher likelihood of choosing a micro to mid-sized battery electric vehicle compared to participants without carsharing experience. We find a similar trend for people living in the agglomerations. We therefore recommend policy makers and mobility planners to take these benefits into account when planning carsharing services and its role in mobility systems.

Who gives up a private car for a car-sharing service? An empirical case study of Incheon City, South Korea

Car-sharing services are an example of sharing economy business models in urban transportation. Car-sharing is attracting global attention as a practical test subject within sharing economies. A few studies have been conducted on the effects of car-sharing, but little research has been performed on the effects of car-sharing on the disposal of owned cars and the purchase of new cars. This study analyzes the characteristics of people who change car ownership plans or intentions to purchase a private car after using car-sharing services. We conducted a survey on car-sharing users, focusing on the question, “Has there been a change in private car ownership and purchase plans after using car-sharing?” We used a multinomial logistic regression model for statistical analysis. Based on our main findings, we suggest four strategies to promote car-sharing. First, there should be a focus on car-sharing coupons or promotional brochures for women who are considering buying a new car. Second, there should be promotions for elderly users of car-sharing. Third, car-sharing stations should be established near residences with low household membership, low household income, and limited space for parking. Fourth, the service management status of car-sharing companies contracted with local governments should be assessed to maintain high satisfaction levels in users. This study is meaningful in that it presents specific policies to both increase the use of car-sharing and reduce private car ownership.

Investigating Consumer Decision-Making Styles of Car Buyers in Croatia

This research sought to explore consumer decision-making styles of buyers in the car market in the Republic of Croatia. Additional aim of this research was also to add on the literature on consumer decision-making styles to further the understanding of the specificity of consumer behavior when buying a car. The research was conducted with in-depth interviews with car buyers using a non-probability purposive sample. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with car dealership employees who were consulted for additional information. The results indicate that car buyers in the Republic of Croatia make their car buying decisions based on specific consumer decision-making styles. Based on the relevant literature and empirical research, ten consumer decision-making styles specific to car buyers in the Republic of Croatia were identified: price sensitivity, susceptibility to the influence of others, interest in automobiles, involvement in car purchase, brand loyalty, and brand, quality, aesthetics, innovation and functionality consciousness. The research was conducted on a sample of respondents from the Croatian market, so the results cannot be applied to other markets. Also, the study was conducted on a smaller and a non-representative sample, so the results should be verified on a larger and representative sample.

Augmented Reality based Car Parking Application for Android

Today, Augmented Reality plays a vital role in the tech industry. This paper is based on Augmented Reality car application and is an important topic in R&D. This application, enables to place and drive virtual cars in the real world. This paper briefly, discuss about introducing Augmented Reality application for “Android”, because not everybody can afford for an iPhone which has tons of AR applications. This is the reason why this optimised AR car application is made only for Android. It enables to place cars in real world with exact dimensions. The tools used to build this application are “UNITY” and “VUFORIA”. So, it gets easier to see whether a car can fit into a particular place or not, we can see how many cars can fit in a particular place and also, we can drive a car virtually to see whether it is possible to park a car in a congested place. It clearly shows that it saves time to park a car when compared to manual work. The result examined that real world interaction of car using Augmented Reality was successfully executed by placing multiple cars and in the mere future, there will be an update to move the car in all possible directions. It will play a major role in AR based research and also will be very useful for car buyers and also for the car companies.

Stuck Online: When Online Engagement Gets in the Way of Offline Sales

In recent years, billions of dollars have been spent by both online and offline retailers on website design aimed at increasing consumers’ online engagement. We study the relationship between online engagement and offline sales, utilizing a quasi-experimental setting in which a leading premium automobile brand gradually launched a new interactive website across markets, allowing for a treatment-control comparison. This paper offers evidence of a causal effect of online engagement on offline sales, with the high-engagement website leading to a decline of approximately 12% in car sales. This negative effect is due to substitution between online and offline engagement; users of the high-engagement website exhibited a decreased tendency to seek out personal contact with a car dealer and proceed to offline engagement—a necessary stage in the car purchase funnel. We develop an analytical model of the online-to-offline sales funnel to generalize our findings and highlight the conditions under which online engagement substitutes for offline engagement and potentially decreases offline sales. Taken together, our findings suggest that while online engagement serves as a means for both product information provision and consumer persuasion, it may fall short in achieving the latter goal, as compared to the offline channel. For purely offline products, hands-on engagement is a necessary step toward purchase. Thus, increasing consumers’ online engagement may not be an optimal strategy if it has the potential to halt progression down the sales funnel and reduce offline engagement.

Discriminant analysis application to understand the usage of digital channels while buying a car

PurposeRole of digital channels in car buying has increased manifold and consumers are making significant use of various digital channels throughout the decision-making process. However, there are very less number of studies available if one wishes to understand the specific reason(s) for the use of a particular digital channel of communication. This study deals with the identifications of the reason(s) leading towards the usage of particular digital channel of communication while buying a car.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative methodology was adopted for the study. A total of 10 digital channels namely the websites, social networking sites, YouTube, Smartphones, Online communities, Digital TV, Digital Outdoors, e-mails and others were considered in the study. Data was collected from 603 car buyers from Delhi using digital channels of communication.FindingsThe results of the study revealed that Website and YouTube were used for being compatible. Social networking sites, smartphones, digital outdoors and e-mails were used for being informative. Online communities were used for offering customers and experts' reviews. Digital TV was used for being easy to use.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considers the respondents from Delhi only. A more representative sample covering various parts of the country would offer more relevant results for the marketers as digital divide existing between rural and urban India cannot be simply ignored.Practical implicationsThe study reveals that car buyers are making ample usage of digital channels wherein website is the most used digital channel and smartphones are the most used digital devices used by the car buyers.Social implicationsStudy also reveals that car buyers might use search engines to reach the marketer's website, so effective search engine optimization (SEO) strategies should be adopted. Important keywords used in the search engines should be used in the website as well as in the links.Originality/valueMajority of the available studies use digital as an umbrella term for myriad digital channels. So understanding about the usage of specific channel of communication remains an under-researched area. Such understanding strengths and broadens the existing knowledge about technology mediated consumer behaviour especially in extended problem-solving product category.

Willingness to pay and attitudinal preferences of Indian consumers for electric vehicles

Consumer preference elicitation is critical to devise effective policies for the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) in India. This study contributes to the EV demand literature in the Indian context by (a) analysing the EV attributes and attitudinal factors of Indian car buyers that determine consumers' preferences for EVs, (b) estimating Indian consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) to buy EVs with improved attributes, and c) quantifying how the reference dependence affects the WTP estimates. We adopt a hybrid choice modelling approach for this study. The results indicate that accounting for reference dependence provides more realistic WTP estimates than the standard utility estimation approach. Our results suggest that Indian consumers are willing to pay an additional US$10–34 in the purchase price to reduce the fast charging time by 1 min, US$7–40 to add a kilometre to the driving range of EVs at 200 km, and US$104–692 to save US$1 per 100 km in operating cost. These estimates and the effect of attitudes on the likelihood to adopt EVs provide insights about EV design, marketing strategies, and pro-EV policies (e.g., specialised lanes and reserved parking for EVs) to expedite the adoption of EVs in India.