Connective Tissue Capsule Research Articles

Dynamics of morphological manifestations of the experimental acute aspiration bronchopneumonia development.

Background. Currently, there is a need to create an experimental model for reproducing the main pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-associated lungs damage. The first stage of such a model may be reproducing acute aspiration bronchopneumonia in rats. Objective. Examine the dynamics of morphological changes in the lungs in the development of experimental acute aspiration bronchopneumonia. Methods. The group of laboratory Wistar rats (n=25) in compliance with bioethical norms under typoental anesthesia was carried out operational intervention with the introduction of a sterile capron thread 2.5 cm long and a thickness of 0.2 mm to a depth of 2.5 cm. In the control group included 5 false-controlled animals. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days, the animals were derived from the experiment, morphological studies were carried out with the painting serial sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. On the 7 day, the morphological picture testified to the development of the acute stage of exudative inflammation with the full-blood of vessels, microtrombosis, dyslectasis, hyperplasia of alveolocytes II type. After 14 days, the proliferative stage was formed with alveolocytes hyperplasia, the epithelium of bronchi, as well as fibroblasts with the formation of sharp peribronchial and alveolar abscesses. After 21 days, the development of the lungs fibrosis with the organization of acute peribronchial and alveolar abscesses was noted, peribronchial and intraalveoli pronounced interstitial edema and the reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles of a mixed nature. After 28 days, bronchopneumonia was organized in the form of fibrosis parenchyma, sections of chronic productive inflammation with the formation of resorbative granuloms; sections of the blood vessels hyalinose. For 56 days, these phenomena were progressed before the development of dense fibrosis (carnification) with sections of chronic abscesses with a formed by a connective tissue capsule, the development of vascular hyalinose. Conclusion. Thus, the model of acute aspiration bronchopneumonia reproduces the dynamics of morphological manifestations of acute lung damage, which is the basis for the development of pathogenetic therapy fields.

Assessment of bioscompatibility of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosphamide by in vivo and in vitro methods.

Background. The creation of polymeric composite materials with pronounced biological activity, which are able to act as implants with local prolonged action of the immobilized substance can be widely used in medical practice. Objective. Study of cellular reactions of surrounding tissues of experimental animals to implantation of polymeric composite materials based on isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide, study of histotoxicity of the obtained materials by tissue culture method. Methods. Polymeric composite materials based on isocyanate-containing polyurethanes without and with ifosfamide were implanted into the body of white laboratory Wistar rats. Cellular responses of the organism and possible changes in the structure of test specimens after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. In order to study the peculiarities of the dynamics of growth and development of fibroblastic elements, the method of tissue culture was used. Results. Conducted biological studies by in vivo and in vitro methods allowed to evaluate the effect of immobilized ifosfamide in the structure of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes on cellular reactions of surrounding tissues during implantation in experimental animals, as well as the effect of extracts from developed polymer samples on cultured cell growth. Conclusion. It was found that the implantation of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide led to the development of intense cellular reactions in the area of implant placement, primarily the reaction of round cell elements. The presence of ifosfamide in the structure of the polymeric implantation material probably affected the proliferation of cellular elements, inhibited regenerative processes in the early stages of the study and delayed the formation of a mature connective tissue capsule around the implanted samples. The tissue culture method showed that when making an extract of isocyanurate-containing polyurethanes with ifosfamide in the culture medium, there was a large variability of cell forms, which led to the appearance of macrophage-like elements.

Influence of the prolonged form of lysocyme in the composition of polyurethane implant on cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.

Background. The development of biocompatible polymeric implant materials and providing them with biological activity is an urgent task that can significantly increase the effectiveness of such materials when used in medical practice. Objective. Investigation of the interaction of connective tissue culture matrix cells with a prolonged form of the proteolytic enzyme lysozyme as part of a polyurethane implant in vitro and study of the effect of this form on cells and tissues during implantation in experimental animals in vivo. Methods. In order to study the possible cytotoxicity of the components of polymer composite materials and the effect of lysozyme on the growth and development of the culture of fibroblastic elements, studies were performed by tissue culture in vitro. Polymeric composite materials based on polyurethaneurea without and with lysozyme were implanted into the body of white laboratory rats of the Wistar line. Cellular responses of the body after implantation were studied by light microscopy by analysis of histological micropreparations. Results. Biological studies have assessed the effect of prolonged lysozyme on cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion. The fibroblast tissue culture method showed the effectiveness of biologically active polyurethaneureas with prolonged release of lysozyme, which was expressed in the prolongation of the dynamics of growth and development of cellular elements in vitro. It has been shown that lysozyme in the composition of polymer composite materials had a biological effect and helped to reduce the cellular response to the implantation of polymer samples, accelerating the formation of connective tissue capsules around the implants.

SOME TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THYROID AND PARATHYROD GLANDS OF MOORHEN (Gallinula c. chloropus)

The thyroid gland of Moorhen has two separated lobes. These lobes were located in the throracic inlet and receive blood supply from the cranial, middle and caudal thyroid arteries.
 The histological organization of the thyroid gland in Moorhen is surrounded by a distinct connective tissue capsule and the parenchymal cells were arranged into colloid filled follicles enmeshed in the highly vascular interstitial connective tissue. The bilaterally paired, round to oval, parathyroid glands in Moorhen were located intrathoracically near or close to the caudal pole of the thyroid glands. They receive blood by short branches from caudal thyroid artery and small branch from the common carotid artery.
 The parathyroid glands in Moorhen have a thin connective tissue capsule. Its parenchymal cells were arranged into an irregular, anastomosing cords of chief cells. No oxyphil cells were found in the parathyroid glands of Moorhen.

Oribatid mites (Acariformes, Sarcoptiformes: Oribatida) in the gills of Salmo spp. (Actinopterygii: Salmonidae) parr - Short communication.

Live oribatid mites of the family Malaconothridae were found on Salmo spp. parr caught in the rivers of Northwest Russia. The mites were localised in the gill filaments and enclosed in connective tissue capsules. The encapsulation was accompanied by hyperplasia and displacement of the respiratory epithelium. One mite specimen was an adult female, while all the other specimens were protonymphs. The adult female and one protonymph specimen were identified as Tyrphonothrus sp. Other protonymphs could be identified only at the family level. The obtained partial 18S rDNA sequence of one protonymph was 100% identical to that of Tyrphonothrus maior (NCBI accession No. KY922215). This is the first report of living malaconothrid mites encapsulated in fish gills, and the phenomenon may assume parasitic behaviour. However, the nature of the relationship between the mites and the fish requires further investigations.

Human Thymus Gland in Young and Old Age; A Comparative Study

Aim: Research was undertaken to compare the findings between patients of different ages in terms of human thymus gland parameters. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and study: This study was conducted at anatomy department of Jinnah Hospital, Services Hospital and General Hospital Lahore during the period from November 2013 to October 2014. Methods: Total 70 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 35 patients with ages < 30 years and group II with 35 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: In group I mean age of the patient was 24.16±3.43 years with mean BMI 21.55±6.37 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 52.11±2.87years with mean BMI 25.07±4.39 kg/m2. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it can be inferred that younger patients had a substantially thinner thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue, as well as more and smaller Hassal's corpuscles, than older patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

Histological and Ultrastructural Description of Benign Adipocytic Tumors in Farmed Striped Sea Bream (Lythognathus mormyrus).

Simple SummaryMesenchymal neoplasms of the skin are common tumors in domestic animals and often reported in fish pathology. Among them, lipomas are frequently observed, but the definition of their different histological features and their classification in fish are still in their primordial stages. In the present work, the authors describe different type of lipomas found in a wild stock of striped seabream and outline their key differential microscopical features. Two new types of lipoma never observed in fish pathology, defined as spindle cell lipoma and atypical spindle cell-like lipoma, are reported.Cutaneous neoplasms affecting wild striped bream (Lythognathus mormyrus) have been recorded after their introduction in a marine aquaculture farm in the Adriatic Sea. The tumors were evident on 24% of the reared fish, showing single or multiple nodules, with a diameter ranging between 0.5–4.0 cm. Histologically, all the neoplastic lesions were located in the stratum spongiosum of the dermis and were surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue. The tumors were predominantly composed of adipocytes grouped and surrounded by a thin net of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. In some lipomas a mixture of adipocytes and uniform spindle cells were also observed. Fibroblasts and collagen fibers, or spindle cells, showing few mitotic figures were mainly observed in other nodules. Three of the tumors showed bands of cells with elongated nuclei. Five neoplasms differed from the classic spindle cell lipoma due to the presence of scattered giant cells. These cells presented acidophilic abundant cytoplasm with multiple hyperchromatic nuclei showing a concentric “floret-like” arrangement. The tumors were further characterized by ultrastructural observations that allowed ruling out the presence of virus-like particles within the lesions. Histological features of the masses lead to the identification of four prevalent patterns of neoplasms: lipoma, fibrolipoma, spindle cell lipoma (SCL), and atypical spindle cell-like lipoma (ASCL). The different neoplasms could arise from the transformation of mesenchymal cells of dermal origin. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report describing key differential histological and ultrastructural features of these neoplasms in striped sea bream.

Гістоструктура великого чепця людини в нормі і перитоніті

The purpose of the work was to study the histological structure of the greater omentum in the people of second mature and elderly age in normal condition and in peritonitis. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were 40 greater omenta of deceased people (20 males and 20 females) of the second mature and elderly age without pathology in the abdominal cavity and 10 greater omenta of deceased people from peritonitis taken in accordance with the cooperation agreement. Pieces of greater omenta were fixed with a 10% solution of neutral formalin. Paraffin blocks were made according to the traditional method, followed by making sections that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological specimens were studied using a light microscope "MICROmed" XS-3320 in transmitted light using an increase of ×40, ×100, ×400 with the photographing of micropreparations on the camera Ningero Sheng Heng Optics and Electronics Co. Results and discussion. The findings of the study showed that the histological structure of the tissue of the greater omentum in women and men of these ages has common structural features. Histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed that normally the outside of the greater omentum is covered with a solid layer of mesotheliocytes, located on the basal plate, deeper there were “milk spots”, white adipocytes, which formed individual fat particles, separated by connective tissue fibers. “Milk spots” do not have capsules, in contrast to lymph nodes, and contain lymphocytes and macrophages that emerge from their fenestrated postcapillary venules and migrate into the abdominal cavity through “stigmas”. Normally, active and inactive “milk spots” are present in the greater omentum in adults. “Milk spots” had an oval, irregular and spherical shape and different sizes. In the thickness of the tissue of the greater omentum there were lymph nodes, which, in contrast to the "milk spots" on the outside were covered with a connective tissue capsule. In the thickness of the nodule, trabeculae extend from the capsule. Marginal and medullary sinuses were determined. Lymphocytes were the main cellular component of lymph nodes. Conclusion. In peritonitis, disruption of the continuous mesothelial cover of the greater omentum, resulted from disintegration of mesothelial cells; some areas of their adhesion and desquamation were observed. Areas with inflammatory infiltration, plethora of arterial and venous microvessels and an increase in active “milk spots” with a high content of lymphocytes were found in the fat particles of the greater omentum

Prenatal and Postnatal Development and also Morphological and Morphometric Indicators of Thymus in Newborns

The thymus is a lymphoepithelial organ located in the mediastinum and reaches its maximum development in youth. While other lymphoid organs develop exclusively from the mesenchyme (mesoderm), the thymus is of dual embryonic origin. Its lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow from cells of mesenchymal origin; they invade the epithelial bud, which has developed from the endoderm of the third and fourth pharyngeal pockets. The thymus is covered with a connective tissue capsule, which is introduced into the parenchyma and divides it into incomplete lobules, so the cortex and medulla of the adjacent lobules are connected to each other.

Histological features of the spleen and pancreas of the Egyptian Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus)

The present study investigated the histological features of the spleen and pancreas of the Egyptian Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus). After gross observations the representative samples were collected from three adult male monitor lizards and were processed for histological examination. Grossly, the spleen was brownish in color and embedded in the mesentery near the stomach and pancreas. The pancreas was yellowish in color and consisted of a ventrally placed principal lobe which was pyramidal and extended in the mesentery, whereas the dorsally located splenic lobe was small and was attached to the spleen. a single duct was emerged from the pancreas. Histologically, the spleen was nodular and was encapsulated by the connective tissue capsule covered by mesothelium. it was composed of white and red pulps. Many ellipsoids, melano-macrophage centers, periarterial and periellipsoidal lymphatic sheaths (PALS and PELS; respectively) were observed. The pancreas demonstrated a thicker capsule covered by mesothelium and the exocrine portion was formed of tubule-acinar cells. Main pancreatic duct passed across the length of the pancreas and was lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium. The Islets were found in the ventral lobe where it was in various sizes. This is the first report about the histological structure of the spleen and pancreas of the Egyptian Nile monitor lizard, where the spleen showed a unique structure while the pancreas was similar to what was described in other varanus species. The information in this study will be a baseline knowledge for future studies regarding endocrine or immune organs in this species.

SUBUNGUAL GLOMUS TUMOUR: THE ENIGMATIC CAUSE OF CHRONIC PAINFUL FINGER PULP - A CASE REPORT

Glomus tumour, also referred to as Barré–Masson syndrome is an enigmatic, rare, painful tumour that is that represents a proliferation of the normal capsular-neural glomus apparatus. These are rare hamartomas that arise from the traditional glomus apparatus, located in subcutaneous tissue These are benign soft tissue neoplasms presenting usually within the second to fourth decade of life, originating from the glomus body. It accounts for 1-5% of all upper limb soft tissue tumors . It's a component of the dermis layer of the [1] skin, involved in thermoregulation. It structurally consists of an arterio-venous shunt which is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and is found in increased amounts in the ngers and toes.

PLEXIFORM SCHWANNOMA INVOLVING THE ANTERIOR MANDIBLE

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Schwannomas and neurofibromas are common benign neoplasms originating from the peripheral nerves. These neoplasms originating in the oral and para-oral tissues, especially involving the jaw, are extremely rare. Plexiform schwannoma is a unique variant in which the Schwann cells demonstrate a unique plexiform pattern. A literature search revealed only 2 case reports of plexiform schwannoma involving the jaws. <h3>CASE REPORT</h3> A 47-year-old male patient was referred for consultation by his dentist for evaluation and diagnosis of a radiolucency in the anterior mandible with no apparent odontogenic/clinical etiology. The patient complained of sensitivity in this region and occasional radiating pain. Clinical examination showed no signs of infection or inflammation. The patient denied any known medical disease or history of surgeries. Cone beam computed tomography examination revealed a large, well-defined, hypodense, partially corticated lesion in the anterior mandible with evidence of impingement of the facial cortex, resulting in a scooped-out defect. The radiologic differential interpretation included peripheral ameloblastoma and peripheral giant cell granuloma. An incisional biopsy was recommended to determine the nature of this entity. Microscopic examination revealed a multicircumscribed, lobular mass bounded by a thin fibrous connective tissue capsule. Each lobule was composed of streaming fascicles of spindle-shaped cells, some of which formed a palisading arrangement. Immunohistochemistry was positive for protein S-100 and epithelial membrane antigen, which confirmed the diagnosis of plexiform schwannoma. <h3>DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS</h3> This is an unusual case of a unique variant of schwannoma, in this case a plexiform type, which is an extremely rare neurogenic neoplasm. This atypical presentation and location of the lesion, which mimics other peripheral benign neoplasms, highlights the importance of a systematic workup with the aid of the appropriate diagnostic tools for ideal patient care. It demonstrates the important role of immunohistochemistry to confirm the nature of this entity.

Comparison of Human Thymus Gland between Young and Old Age

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages &lt;30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages &lt;15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages &gt;15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages &lt;50 years and &gt;50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value &lt;0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

Morphological and Histological Study of the Pineal Gland in local breed Goats (Capra hircus)

The current study was carried out to investigate both morphological and histochemical features of pineal gland in goat. Eight samples of pineal glands were used. The morphological study was involved the position, relation, weight, length and width of the glands. The tissue sections were prepared for paraffin embedding technique and stained with Hematoxyline &amp; Eosin, Masson trichrom, Alizarin and PAS stains. The morphological result of pineal showed slightly irregular round-spherical shaped, grayish white in color. It located in the same mid-depression between the thalami body and two colliculi. The weight of gland was 0.478±0.02 mg and measured 2.10±0.06mm in length and 2.52±0.15mm in width. Histologically, the pineal gland has enveloped by a smooth thin layer of loose connective tissue capsule showed less trabiculae that carried the blood vessels into gland and the trabiculae have composed of fine collagen fibers. The glandular parenchyma showed marked lobular pattern of division with marked lighter central region which showed less cellular population. The glandular lobule consisted of three types of cells; Type I pinealocytes or dark pinealocytes, the second type was the less populated type II pinealocytes or light pinealocytes and the third type was the glial cell. The Alizarin stain was revealed multiple of variable size calcium patches within collagen fibers. The cytoplasmic contents of both pinealocytes types I &amp; II showed no glycogen granules.

Pathology, bacteriology and molecular studies on caseous lymphadenitis in Camelus dromedarius in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2015-2020.

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) or pseudotuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which affects livestock and humans. This study aimed to describe the pathology, bacteriology and confirm the identity of the pathogen by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in Camelus dromedarius. A total of 12 camels with suspected CLA in three regions of Abu Dhabi Emirate (Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and Al Dhafra), United Arab Emirate (UAE) were subjected to clinical and postmortem examinations from January 2015 to December 2020. Clinically, camels were emaciated and showed the presence of external caseous abscesses suggestive of CLA. Postmortem examination showed multiple abscesses of variable sizes with caseous material encapsulated by fibrous tissue in the liver, lungs, muscle, and lymph nodes. Following clinical and postmortem examination, blood, pus and different tissue samples were collected for subsequent analysis. Histopathological examination of all organs stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) indicated a central caseo-necrotic core that was admixed with bacterial colonies and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, surrounded by a pyogenic membrane, and an outer fibrous connective tissue capsule. Bacterial culture identified the isolates of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biotype ovis strain, and these isolates were shown to be sensitive to all antibiotics tested (penicillin, ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin and tetracycline). Moreover, the identity of the isolates was confirmed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene which showed a 100% identity to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence clearly differentiates Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from other species of Corynebacterium. Briefly, this study provided the basic information for infection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Camels and will help in controlling of this pathogen in the region.

Morphomolecular and pathological study of Scaphanocephalus sp. in new host Siganus argenteus in the Arabian Gulf.

In this study, Scaphanocephalus parasite (Platyhelminthes: Heterophyidae) metacercariae were found in Siganus argenteus (forktail rabbitfish or streamlined spinefoot) in the Arabian Gulf of Jubail province, Saudi Arabia. The findings may constitute new host and locality records for this parasite. Based on the number of black spots containing parasite cysts per fish, our study indicated that Siganus argenteus had high infection intensities of encysted metacercariae belonging to the genus Scaphanocephalus. Of the 3500 S. argenteus specimens examined, 800 (22.9%) showed multiple black cysts over the entire body surface, including the membranous parts of fins, while none were seen on the internal organs. The prevalence of infection was highest in summer (June-August) (8.8%). The excysted metacercariae differed morphologically from previously identified Scaphanocephalus spp. Molecular analysis of rDNA showed 100% identity with an unnamed Scaphanocephalus sp. reported in Caribbean fish. Therefore, our findings may indicate a new species of this previously rarely recorded fish parasite. The histopathological examination revealed that the encysted parasites were restricted to the dermal layer of the skin and surrounded by melanophores and a fibrous connective tissue capsule, with focal myositis and Zenker's necrosis in the underlying muscle tissue. The characteristically 'winged' parasite was clearly observed within the cysts. The high prevalence of Scaphanocephalus infection in siganid fish we detected requires further epidemiological study.

CATTLE HYPODERMATOSIS IN SOUTH TAJIKISTAN

The article presents data on the infestation of cattle by subcutaneous gadflies in the southern regions of Tajikistan. It has been established that two species of subcutaneous gadfly parasitize in cattle – Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. The prevalence of gadfly larva in cattle is 11.4–31.1% and the intensity of infection is 2–21 specimens, and Hypoderma lineatum larva is 4.6–11.3% and the intensity of infection is 5–15 specimens of connective tissue capsules per animal, respectively. Connective tissue capsules Hypoderma bovis in the back area of animals appeared in late January and early February, and Hypoderma lineatum in late December and early January. Development of larvae under the skin of animals lasted on average 50–55 days. The release of the Hypoderma lineatum larva was noted in the second and third decades of February, and the gadfly in mid-March. The flying of the Hypoderma lineatum imago is from mid-April to the second decade of June, and the gadfly from the second decade of May to early July at an optimal air temperature of 18–25°C. This is due to the fact that there are favorable natural and climatic conditions in these areas for the development of larvae in the pupation stage and a fairly dense population of animals (cattle) per a hectare of pasture.

Histomorphological, Histochemical and Histoenzymic Studies on the Dermis of Skin of Goat (Capra hircus)

Background: Skin is a versatile organ, which is extremely important for protection, perception, water regulation and wound healing. The skin of goat is considered extremely durable used by the tannery Industry to make rugs and carpet binding.Methods: The present study was conducted on the skin of goats of either sex to study the age wise changes in the histomorphology, histochemistry and histoenzymology of dermis. The skin samples were collected from Nagpur Muncipal Corporation Slaughter house immediately after natural death and subsequently processed and stained for histological, histochemical and histoenzymic studies. The total of 220 samples, 20 each from different body regions namely dorsal neck, lateral neck, ventral neck, dorsal thorax, lateral thorax, ventral thorax, dorsal abdomen, lateral abdomen, ventral abdomen, lateral thigh and medial thigh were collected. The animals were divided into two groups, viz. six to twelve month of age (Gr I) and above one year age (Gr II).Result: It was observed that the dermis was composed of collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, cells of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscles in all body regions in Gr I as well as in Gr II. The dermis was divided into thin superficial papillary layer and a thick deep reticular layer. The dermal papillae were the upward projections of superficial papillary layer between epidermal pegs. In reticular layer, fibroblasts were larger, while in papillary layer, fibroblasts were thin long, compressed and spindle shaped. The collagen fibers were more in number as compared to other fibers in dermis and they were densely arranged in papillary layer and parallel with the skin surface below the epidermis. The elastic fibers were present in between the collagen fibers around the blood vessels and hair follicles. The arteriovenous shunt was found surrounded by capsule of connective tissue consisting of smooth muscle cells. The more number of hair follicles at deep part of papillary layer and few follicles were present in reticular layer. The hair follicle composed of outer root sheath, inner root sheath, cortex and medulla. The depth of primary hair follicle increased with the advancement of age. Moderate PAS positive activity was noted in the papillary layer, while it was weak to moderate in reticular layer. The reticular layer of the dermis showed moderate Sudan black B activity for the presence of lipid than the papillary layer. The mild acid phosphatase activity was seen in the papillary and reticular layer of dermis, while moderate acid phosphatase activity was noticed in the blood vessels. A mild alkaline phosphatase activity was present in dermis in Gr I and Gr II. Conclusion: The present study would form a baseline data on the histomorphology, histochemistry and histoenzymology of skin of goat which would be helpful in future research prospective.

Gross Morphological and Light Microscopic Studies of the Spleen of Malayan Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Background: Bear specialist group recommended that the basic research on the Malayan sun bear is the highest priority need. Without such information, the establishment and implementation of scientifically-sound conservation plans is difficult. Therefore, present study was designed to provide information on gross morphological and light microscopic architecture of the spleen.Methods: The present study was conducted on the spleen of one Malayan sun bear. After doing the gross parameters the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and were processed for light microscopic studies. Blocks were cut at 6μ thickness by Leica Semimotorized Rotary Microtome and stained by Harris’ haematoxylin and eosin for routine study. Result: The spleen of Malayan sun bear was located in the left hypogastric region and entirely intrathoracic as the stomach was almost empty. The parietal surface faces the diaphragm and left lateral abdominal wall, whereas the visceral surface was divided into gastric face and intestinal face by the ridge like hilus. The spleen of Malayan Sun Bear was surrounded by a thick connective tissue capsule invested by the peritoneum. The capsule, trabeculae and reticular fibers support the splenic parenchyma composed of a red pulp and a white pulp.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL REBUILDING OF FIBROUS STRUCTURES OF RAT'S SKIN DERMIS UNDER 3D-SCAFFOLD IMPLANTATION BASED ON POLYPROLACTONE

The use of various scaffolds makes it possible to model the future fibrous framework of the newly formed regenerate, and also serves as a substrate for the colonization of the cellular component. The development of tissue engineering in regenerative medicine requires an understanding of more precise mechanisms of the formation of the connective frame at the site of the defect. The aim of this study was to study the morphofunctional rearrangement of the fibrous structures of the dermis of the skin of rats, in response to for the implantation of a 3D-scaffold based on polyprolactone. The study was carried out on the skin of male Wistar rats at different times after implantation of a 3D-scaffold based on polyprolactone. The biomaterial with the implantable scaffold was studied using scanning electron microscopy. As a result of the study, it was revealed that active collagenogenesis is determined around the structures of the 3D-scaffold based on polyprolactone. By the 14th day, a large number of circularly directed collagen fibers are visualized, which are the basis for further building a connective tissue capsule around the fibers. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of using a 3D-scaffold based on polyprolactone. This implant can also be effective for the colonization of allogeneic cultured fibroblasts and the creation of biomedical tissue engineering products on its basis.