Capitalist Mode Of Production Research Articles

Adapting the Grimms: Going Against Patriarchy in Singh’s Movie Mirror Mirror

Many cinematic adaptations were produced for the Grimms’ “Little Snow-White” (1812) including Mirror Mirror movie (2012), the contemporary version adapted by Taresm Singh. Singh’s version was able to depict the modern reality of women and went against patriarchy by embracing feminist ideologies of the fourth-wave feminism. Therefore, he challenged the ideologies of the mainstream cinema dominated by the patriarchal élite’s capitalist mode of production that still adhere to the stereotyped patriarchal image of women’s ‘victimization,’ ‘objectification’ and ‘marginalization,’ which did not represent women’s modern reality anymore. This paper, however, is a qualitative study aimed to prove that the feminist ideologies could only be retained after a cultural transformation process from the patriarchal élite culture to the popular culture of mass media after the World War II, which noticeably affected women’s image in the cinema. And thus, this paper is an analytical study of Mirror Mirror that used the analytical textual and production approaches to popular culture along with the Marxist and feminist film theories to unfold the feminist ideologies prevailed in the movie. The study has concluded that the cultural transformation from the patriarchy into the popular culture of mass media led to the emergence of counter-cinema or cinefeminism that encouraged the reversing of the traditional gender roles in cinema. It has also shown that class conflict and economic power caused by the cultural transformation helped in redefining women’s role and place in society. Thereby maintaining the feminist ideologies of the fourth-wave’s ‘women’s empowerment’ positively affected women and girls to reflect their modern reality

Who Cares? Capitalism and the Reproduction of the Working Class

The concept of “caring labor” obscures the process of surplus extraction in the capitalist mode of production. In particular, the government’s provision of services such as preschool child care needs to be understood as having the effect of substituting for the care provided by the household rather than adding to it. The process of substitution is one that involves a decrease in household labor and a corresponding increase in wage labor, in particular that of women. Within the capitalist workplace, the labor time “saved” by the development of a “more efficient” form of child care (as a component of the labor necessary for the reproduction of the working class) is appropriated by the capitalist class. The increasing labor force participation rate of women that results from this process of substitution does not necessarily constitute a decrease in their oppression. JEL Classification: B14, B54, H53

Everything Stays the Same while Everything Changes

Everything Stays the Same while Everything Changes

Privacy as a form of alienation: a critique of the liberal conception of privacy

The atrocities carried out by the Soviet Union have done a considerable harm to the Marxist social theory. Hence, it is being suggested that the revival of socialist politics is contingent upon its ability to engage with some of the central ideas associated with liberal theory. In this regard, privacy is projected as one of the central values about which Marxists need to seriously rethink. In this broad intellectual context, this paper aims to offer an unorthodox critique of the liberal conception of privacy through the Marxist conception of alienation. It asks: why are Marxists opposed to the liberal conception of privacy? Is privacy a form of alienation? How to conceptualise the interface between privacy, private property, and alienation under the capitalist mode of production? The paper argues that the liberal conception of privacy cannot be borrowed without significant modifications—as some scholars think—since it is based on an abstract and possessive conception of the individual, which is not only in accordance with the logic of capitalism but also breeds alienation.

The National council of public trust as a mechanism for implementing deliberative democracy

The article discusses the development of the mechanisms of deliberative democracy in Kazakhstan during the period of political transition on the example of the National Council of Public Trust under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The head of state, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, in his Address to the people on March 16, 2022, stated that the National Council of Public Trust “successfully fulfilled its tasks”. Thus, the National Council ceases to exist, on its basis the “National Kurultai” will be created, which makes it possible to analyze the results of the activities of the National Council from the moment it was launched until the moment it ceased to work.Kazakhstan is at a critical stage of political development. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev is pursuing a policy of fundamental political reforms aimed at building an effective democratic socially oriented society. There is a lot of work to be done to restructure the political architecture of the country. At the same time, the world political science has been considering the shortcomings of institutional democracy associated with the capitalist mode of production and the development of information technologies for several decades. Various methods for improving democracy are proposed. Deliberative democracy is one of them. It should be noted that elements of deliberative democracy are already beginning to be used in Kazakhstan in the form of the institution of the National Council of Public Trust, as well as Public Councils in various areas of public administrationThe article uses the methods of structural-functional and discursive analysis, discusses official documents, as well as potential scenarios for the development of events

Ripensare il capitalismo. Introduzione

The theme of capitalism is crucial for understanding today’s situation, with its elements of continuity and discontinuity with the past. The introduction to the monographic section Rethinking Capitalism, which includes both articles devoted mainly to contemporary theories on capitalism and articles focusing on a reading of contemporary capitalism, outlines assumptions and aspects of the problem, from a critical perspective and on the basis of an interweaving of economic, social and political factors. In the first part, after a historical-conceptual framework of the term “capitalism,” the importance of the Marxian analysis of the capitalist mode of production is highlighted, while in the second part some distinctive features of contemporary capitalism are indicated.

Coming out of Covid

The pandemic is not over. It is entering its third year with a new variant, Omicron, which has a high infection rate and uncertain damage to health. People are being forced to live (or die) with Covid. The pandemic has exposed the huge inequalities of wealth, income and health between countries globally. The ‘sugar rush’ recovery from the pandemic has driven up inflation rates everywhere, and there seems to be no evidence to justify the claim that the advanced capitalist world is about to experience a roaring 2020s as the US briefly did in the 1920s after the Spanish flu pandemic. Maybe the political and economic conditions for a new lease of life for capitalism could happen in the next decade, but only as a result of further slumps that drive up profitability significantly. More likely, the capitalist mode of production is getting closer to its use-by date in historical terms.

Capitalism, Colonialism, Morality Renovation in John Keats’s Isabella or The Pot of Basil

This paper aims to interpret the capitalist economy and class polarization in John Keats’s narrative Isabella. The authors analyzed primitive accumulation of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, the division of social status and consciousness between bourgeoisie and proletariat, bourgeois ideological crisis, namely the bourgeoisie. Meanwhile, the authors endeavor to interpret the aesthetic poetic solutions that Keats tentatively found to realize the bonding of Lorenzo and Isabella and the salvation of the transcendental soul, in order to reveal the inhuman exploitation of the capitalist mode of production and Keats’s criticism of the moral decay of the bourgeoisie. Instead of complaining and lamenting about the misery and degradation, John Keats pinned high expectation onto the salvation power of Greek civilization and British poetry.

Household Production, Household Activity, and Human Development

In a socialist mode of production, human activity is no longer constrained by the capitalist need to maximize surplus labor, and correspondingly minimize necessary labor. The guiding principle for its organization can therefore be the development and realization of human potential. Some idea of what this could consist of can be derived from observations of the struggle by both wage laborers and household laborers for such goals within the capitalist mode of production, a struggle that is distinct from that necessary to resist the capitalist appropriation of surplus labor. In so doing, it directs attention to the large proportion of the human activity of the working class within capitalist societies that takes the form of household labor, relative to wage labor, and thus its potential significance for the restructuring of human activity in a socialist mode of production.

HUMANISTIC SOCIALISM OF ERICH FROMM: PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES

The attempt to construct a theory of an efficient society has a long tradition. This article examines such an attempt by the famous philosopher and social psychologist E. Fromm. The specificity of this approach lies in the fact that E. Fromm is trying to link together the elements of Marxist and Freudian theory when criticizing modern capitalism. E. Fromm does not accept capitalism as a social system, because this society alienates a person's abilities and individuality, turning him into a functioning automaton. The emphasis is also on criticism of the ever-increasing consumerism, the colossal waste of natural resources and environmental problems. E. Fromm sees in the destructive consequences of the capitalist mode of production a defect of a social nature. Therefore, the question of the reasonable coexistence of man and nature remains the main question of the survival of mankind. E. Fromm associated the resolution of such issues with the development of the concept of humanistic socialism, which, in his opinion, can not only resolve the emerging problems, but also fully reveal human potential. However, the construction of humanistic socialism is carried out not on a revolutionary basis, but on the evolutionary transformation of capitalism, while denying the class struggle and the leading role of the working class. The main goal of socialism is the liberation of man.

სურამი ისრაელის ქართულენოვან მწერლობაში

Surami was one of the most important cities of Kartli in ancient times. In the distant past, there was an important trade-caravan route from east to west which is mentioned in the historical sources as far back as BC. The information can be found in the works of Greek historians and geographers of IV-III centuries. The small town of Surami was located in the very center of Georgia, which contributed to its multifaceted development. Such a favorable geographical location has always made this place very attractive. In the 18th century, Surami was inhabited by Georgians, Armenians and Jews. The Jews lived in the vicinity of the Surami fortress and pursued trade and handicrafts. In addition to economic, political, and demographic factors, the Jewish social factor must have had some influence on the urban development of Surami, especially during the period of globalization when the capitalist mode of production took on a perfect form. The agrarian sector, which was the basis of agriculture, was replaced by a trade-making relationship. The domestic market was expanding, both domestic and foreign trade was growing in which more or less all parts of Georgia would be involved. The gradually growing economic ties between the regions of Georgia put an end to the isolation. The class of merchants was growing and expanding. Along with trade, pawnbrokers started to lend money at interest. Surami Jews were actively involved in these processes. One of the contributing factors to the urbanization process is an increase of the urban population. The Surami Jews whose main occupation was trade gradually developed into the civic population. They had large families. They established close trading ties with neighboring countries and in this respect they found themselves in a somewhat advantageous situation in the region – Surami was a place where all kinds of deficit goods could be purchased. The number of the Jewish population in Surami was growing, thus contributing to the process of urbanization, which, with rare exceptions, took place in fairly peaceful conditions. Centuries of peaceful coexistence with Georgians have finally shaped the identity of Surami Jew who is symbolically an offspring of two nations: he speaks Georgian, wears Georgian clothes, follows certain Georgian traditions and at the same time strongly adheres to the Jewish religious way of life. It was such peaceful coexistence with Georgians that led to the sweet memories and strong nostalgia of Surami Jews after their return to Israel. Many of them are also successful in Israel in various fields. Some of them are creative. The source of inspiration for a large part of the intelligentsia is the longing for the Georgian reality, including Surami, which is realistically reflected in their works. For example, Izolda Krikheli, one of the representatives of Georgian émigré literature, immortalized the Jews living in Surami in the 20th century in her book "Surami: Dream and Reality" who together with the Georgian people endured the cruel events of this difficult period. She describes the reality impartially, introducing the reader with the Jews who were born in Surami and contributed to the reconstruction of Georgia with their dignified secular or religious activities. The book provides a brief overview of the history of Surami and the role Surami Jews played in it. The title of the book points to the special relationship between the two nations - the author lived in Surami and dreamed of Israel, now she is in Israel and dreams of Surami … The writings of Georgian Jews on the topic of Surami Jews tells us a lot about the lifestyle, occupation and history of the small Jewish community and their role in the urban development of Surami.

Beyond Imperial Aesthetics: Theories of Art and Politics in East Asia

Beyond Imperial Aesthetics: Theories of Art and Politics in East Asia

Settler-colonial dispossession in West Jerusalem: between the personal and the collective

ABSTRACT This article analyzes a spontaneous encounter between a Palestinian refugee—stepping over the threshold of her childhood home for the first time in seventy years, following its expropriation—and the current Israeli Jewish owner. This unusual encounter led us to propose a new understanding of dispossession based on both its personal (symbolic–emotional) and collective (economic–political) meanings. The former dimension is expressed in the Palestinians’ acts of remembering and visiting their pre-1948 homes, not only as a reflection of the past and a nostalgic impulse, but also as a way of shaping, intervening in, and influencing the present. The latter, collective meaning, explores the multiplicity of dispossession processes in a settler-colonial society in which the capitalist mode of production already existed before the settlers arrived. This article focuses on one particular form of dispossession through a micro-geographical study of one house in Jerusalem that was once a Palestinian family home. We also offer an expanded interpretation of dispossession as personal and collective by analyzing three modes of experience relating to dispossessed property: settler-colonial property, stolen property, and property as nativeness.

Анализ социальных явлений, связанных с пандемией COVID-19

In this paper, we put emphasis on three important social segments that came to the fore during the pandemic of COVID-19. It is about the phenomenon of a disciplined subject, the phenomenon of alienation and the phenomenon of death. We approached the analysis of the phenomenon of a disciplined subject, taking into account the recommendations of the health authorities, concerning quarantine, self-isolation and social exclusion, which in a short period of time puts under control people’s need for belonging, socializing and respect. Such an organization emphasizes the phenomenon of alienation of people, with spe­cial emphasis on the culture of fear for oneself and the Other. We analyzed the social aspect of death which is interpreted as statistical fact for which ideologi­cal and biochemical coverage is provided, and the same does not oppose what Baudrillard marks as the order of political economy. The social phenomena we have pointed out are significantly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, but their origin is not related to the beginning of the pandemic, but has its foundations in establishing a capitalist mode of production that served as the initial trigger for the phenomenon of alienation, but also interpreting human lives as statisti­cal facts.

Educação do campo no Ceará: uma análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico da Escola do Campo Filha da Luta Patativa do Assaré em Canindé

Este artigo tem por objetivo geral compreender, por meio da análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) da Escola do Campo Filha da Luta Patativa do Assaré, os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos e as categorias basilares norteadoras da Educação do Campo no Ceará: trabalho como princípio educativo, educação politécnica e educação omnilateral. Compreende-se que a Educação do Campo se constitui como uma categoria que se opõe ao tipo de educação escolar que reproduz as relações sociais contraditórias do modo de produção capitalista. Diante disso, a escola do campo, para se contrapor às relações sociais alienadas, poderá estar alicerçada num PPP que se propõe a contribuir para a formação integral dos indivíduos que compõem o espaço do campo brasileiro. Para a realização desse trabalho, recorreu-se às contribuições de autores que são referências na Educação do Campo, entre os quais podemos citar: Frigotto (2012), Caldart (2012) e Ribeiro (2012). Diante da análise do PPP, concluímos que os pressupostos presentes no documento analisado se objetivam em uma educação que busca a emancipação dos sujeitos do campo, a partir da valorização dos movimentos sociais, das lutas sociais, dos conhecimentos historicamente produzidos e de uma formação que abarque uma concepção ampla e crítica da realidade vivida.
 Palavras chaves: educação do campo, projeto político pedagógico, escola do campo, Ceará.
 
 Rural Education in Ceará: an analysis of the Political Pedagogical Project of the Field School Daughter of the Fight Patativa do Assaré in Canindé
 ABSTRACT. This article aims to understand, through the analysis of the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) of the Field School Daughter of Luta Patativa do Assaré, the theoretical-methodological assumptions and the basic guiding categories of Rural Education in Ceará: work as a principle education, polytechnic education and omnilateral education. It is understood that Rural Education is constituted as a category that opposes the type of school education that reproduces the contradictory social relations of the capitalist mode of production. In view of this, the rural school, in order to oppose alienated social relations, may be based on a PPP that proposes to contribute to the integral formation of the individuals that make up the space of the Brazilian countryside. To carry out this work, we resorted to the contributions of authors who are references in Rural Education, including: Frigotto (2012), Caldart (2012) and Ribeiro (2012). In view of the analysis of the PPP, we conclude that the presuppositions present in the analyzed document are aimed at an education that seeks the emancipation of rural subjects, based on an appreciation of social movements, social struggles, historically produced knowledge and a training that encompasses a broad and critical conception of lived reality.
 Keywords: rural education, political pedagogical project, country school, Ceará.
 
 Educación Rural en Ceará: un análisis del Proyecto Político Pedagógico de la Escuela de Campo Hija de la Lucha Patativa de el Assaré en Canindé
 RESUMEN. Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender, a través del análisis del Proyecto Político Pedagógico (PPP) de la Escuela de Campo Hija de la Lucha Patativa de el Assaré, los supuestos teórico-metodológicos y las categorías rectoras básicas de la Educación Rural en Ceará: el trabajo como principio educativo, educación politécnica y educación omnilateral. Se entiende que la Educación Rural se constituye como una categoría que se opone al tipo de educación escolar que reproduce las relaciones sociales contradictorias del modo de producción capitalista. Ante esto, la escuela rural, para oponerse a las relaciones sociales alienadas, puede basarse en un PPP que se proponga contribuir a la formación integral de los individuos que componen el espacio del campo brasileño. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo, recurrimos a las aportaciones de autores que son referentes en Educación Rural, entre ellos: Frigotto (2012), Caldart (2012) y Ribeiro (2012). A la vista del análisis del PPP, se concluye que los presupuestos presentes en el documento analizado están orientados a una educación que busque la emancipación de los sujetos rurales, a partir de una apreciación de los movimientos sociales, las luchas sociales, los saberes históricamente producidos y una formación que engloba una concepción amplia y crítica de la realidad vivida.
 Palabras clave: educación rural, proyecto político pedagógico, escuela de campo, Ceará.

Market Socialism: The Impossible Socialism

The idea of combining some form of social equality with markets goes back to the very origins of socialist tradition and also underlies most of the proposals currently being presented as “alternatives” to the capitalist social order. However, taking as its axis the organic relationship between commodity circulation and capital, as revealed by Marx, it is possible to offer a critique of market socialism (choosing David Schweickart's version of Economic Democracy as a generic textual reference) to demonstrate its inconsistency as a project for social emancipation alternative to the capitalist mode of production. And this for reasons of: i) economy: due to market inefficiency in allocation, and its tendency toward social polarization; ii) politics: because markets prevent citizen self-government and block the free development of human capacities; and iii) ecology: the market is incompatible with a social metabolism that is sustainable with nature. The conclusion is that a market-based production structure is incompatible with the conscious, rational, and democratic regulation of the economy.

Cantares da Educação do Campo: música, território e territorialidade

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar aspectos das letras das músicas que integram a coletânea denominada “Cantares da Educação do Campo” (MST, 2006a). Considera-se que essas músicas abordam questões recorrentes em documentos e produções acadêmico-científicas relacionadas, direta ou indiretamente, à Educação do Campo. Os temas apresentados nas letras das músicas dessa coletânea são inter-relacionados entre si e, em última análise, implicam críticas ao modo de produção capitalista. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que serviu como aporte para a discussão do cancioneiro. Como resultado, foi possível destacar que as canções abordam temas como solidariedade, diversidade, cidadania, liberdade, felicidade, respeito à dignidade e, principalmente, unidade da luta de trabalhadores do campo e da cidade. Na perspectiva dos autores das canções, a sociedade é referenciada como uma formação histórica, isto é, resultado da intervenção humana e que, por conseguinte, pode e precisa ser estruturalmente transformada. Além disso, essas letras têm potencialidades educativas e integram estratégias políticas de movimentos sociais do campo que atuam em defesa da reforma agrária e do direito à educação escolar, em conformidade com os princípios da Educação do Campo, como é o caso do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). Outra questão fundamental que se coloca é a conquista e manutenção do território e da territorialidade por meio da música.
 Palavras-chave: educação do campo, canto, cultura popular, movimentos sociais e educação.
 
 Songs of Rural Education: music, territory and territoriality
 ABSTRACT. This article problematizes with bibliography and related documents support aspects of the lyrics of the songs that are part of “Cantares da Educação do Campo collection” (MST, 2006a). These songs are considered to address recurring issues in academic-scientific documents and productions related, directly or indirectly, to Rural Education. The themes presented in the lyrics of the songs in this collection are interrelated and, ultimately, imply criticism of the capitalist mode of production. Issues such as solidarity, diversity, citizenship, freedom, happiness, respect for dignity and unity among rural and city workers are addressed by the songs. The songs present society as a historical formation which is the result of human intervention. Therefore, society can and also it needs to be structurally transformed. Moreover, these songs have educational potential and integrate political strategies of rural social movements that act in defense of agrarian reform and the right to school education, in accordance with the principles of rural education, such as MST. Another fundamental question that arises is the conquest and maintenance of territory and territoriality through music.
 Keywords: rural education, vocal music, folklore, social movements and education.
 
 Canciones de la educación del campo: música, territorio y territorialidad
 RESUMEN. Este artículo busca problematizar con el aporte de la investigación bibliográfica y documental, aspectos de la letra de las canciones que forman parte de la colección denominada “Cantares da Educação do Campo” (MST, 2006a). Se considera que estas canciones abordan temas recurrentes en documentos y producciones académicas y científicas relacionadas, directa o indirectamente, con la Educación del Campo. Los temas presentados en la letra de las canciones de esta colección están interrelacionados y, en última instancia, implican una crítica al modo de producción capitalista. Las canciones abordan temas como la solidaridad, la diversidad, la ciudadanía, la libertad, la felicidad, el respeto a la dignidad y la unidad entre los trabajadores rurales y urbanos. Las canciones presentan a la sociedad como una formación histórica, es decir, el resultado de la intervención humana y que, por tanto, puede y necesita ser transformada estructuralmente. Además, estas canciones tienen potencial educativo e integran estrategias políticas de movimientos sociales del campo que actúan en defensa de la reforma agraria y el derecho a la educación escolar, de acuerdo con los principios de la Educación del Campo, como es el caso del Movimiento de Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST). Otro tema fundamental que surge es la conquista y mantenimiento del territorio y la territorialidad a través de la música.
 Palabras clave: educación del campo, canciones, cultura popular, movimientos sociales y educación.

Editorial Vol.4(2)

Development is essentially an aspiration of people for a better future of community from a social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental perspective. Development is the prosperity of people of the planet with peaceful global partnership in the local context. Development is freedom as Prof. Amartya Sen coins. Now the development is itself a sustainable development. Development is not compromised but enlargement of social choices. Development is a significant positive change in humanity. Development is easy to access to food, shelter, clothes, health, education, job, transportation, communication, entertainment, and social security with democratic freedom. Development is simply the fulfillment of basic needs. Development is a basic or fundamental human right. Every man and woman has the right to live a decent life. The planet or nature has provided natural resources equally. Sunlight, rain, river, forest, oxygen many important natural resources are free but land and drinking water are not free. In urban cities, nothing is free even a human has to buy a job to survive. As Mahatma Gandhi says there is enough in nature for the needs of the people but not for greed. Everything is driven by the unlimited wants of a human being. How many resources a do man need? The richest people on the planet are not happy. 25 % of global resources are in the hand of the 80 richest people. Oxfam International published a shocking report in 2017 that only 8 richest people on the planet own 50% of its wealth. Inequality kills. In a day 21000 people die on the planet due to poverty. In every 4 seconds, one person has to die in 2022. A human soul, child of almighty, has to die with starvation in 2022. It is anti-development. It is against Robert Chamber’s idea of putting the last first. Millions of economists and policy-making leaders are working day and night to balance the inequality but the gap is increasing day by day. The cold war is ended. China and USA are both developing in the capitalistic mode of production. The Marxist philosophy with mixed socialism –communism does not exist except in Cuba and North Korea. The next generation has to follow scientific capitalism with sufficient intervention of government. It will be the middle way path of communism and capitalism. As Francis Fukuyama says at the end of history 30 years back chronic capitalism, identity politics, and communism are ending. The modernization is ending. The history is ending for a new just-full, peaceful, and prosperous planet by the people. The scientific mathematics is ending. Two plus two is not limited to four but being five or six. It is the time of deconstruction of modernization. It is a time of paradigm shift. It is time to back to nature and relax. The economic battle is simply up to the grave. It is an issue of good governance and happy life. Development is of course happiness. Development is freedom from future insecurities. It is possible if we can maintain good governance in our mechanism. The land is the gift of nature as water and air must be returned to nature. Let’s enjoy life. Enjoy every bit of time. It is fine simply to be a man, a human being, not any identity politics. The “Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies” welcomes comments, advice, and suggestions from all sectors from its quality improvement and sustainability. We highly acknowledge Prof. Dr. Chandralal Shrestha, Prof. Dr. Jibraj Pokharel, Prof. Dr. Prem Sharma, and Dr. Bharat Prasad Badal, for their contribution to the peer-review process. Mr. Kiran Shrestha and Designer Mr. Binod Ghimire their effort to manage articles of this journal. Similarly, we acknowledge the entire colleagues of the Central Department of Rural Development, Tribhuvan University, Research Nepal, University Grants Commission, teachers, students, contributors, and others for their support and encouragement for the betterment of the journal in the future. Editor in ChiefDr. BHARAT PRASAD BADALDecember 2021

The Illicit Production and Consumption of Ògógóró in Coastal Yorùbáland and the Niger Delta

This article interrogates the production and sale of illicit gin variously called Káí-káí, Ro`ḅ ì`ṛobì, Bàbá èrìn, Etonto, Wuru, Push-me-I-push-you, Saepele water, Craze-man-for-bottle, Ògógóró, and Pàrágà in many places including the coastal Yorùbá areas. The places in which it is produced within our area of study include Ikoya, Okitipupa, and Ìrèlè in Ikale land. Other areas in Ìlàjẹ and Apoiland include Mahintedo, Ugbón´lá, Igbégunrín, and Ìgbòbíní. The analysis in the article is based on the theory of the political economy and criminality. It is the assumption of this work that as the capitalist mode of production and distribution intensifies, crimes, insecurity and other related issues deepen. The article adopts the use of sources which include oral interviews with resource persons, police information and intelligence reports, newspaper publications and archival documents from the colonial period deposited in the National Archives, Ibadan. As illicitly brewed gin is linked to social deviancy in different ways, and as it can affect peoples’ health dramatically, the author argues that the lives of the people should be protected by establishing effective regulatory bodies that stamp out the production of unrated gin.

Reflections on neo-Kaleckian growth regimes: a Marxian reproduction perspective

PurposeThe neo-Kaleckian model follows the ideas of Marx, Keynes and Kalecki, that investment is a key influencing factor in the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production. Through the discussion of different forms of investment decision function, this paper constructs the analysis framework of wage-led and profit-led economic growth regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe model has become an important theoretical paradigm for current Western heterodox economists regarding the research on the impact of functional income distribution on economic growth, and it has a very large impact on both theoretical and empirical research. Starting from Marx's reproduction theory, this article discusses the theoretical shortcomings of the neo-Kaleckian growth regime model.FindingsThis paper mainly focuses on three aspects: (1) the ideological legacy of “Smith's Dogma”; (2) neglecting the restrictions on income distribution from the organic composition of capital and the surplus value rate; (3) technological progress and the formation of a new long economic wave.Originality/valueThe authors believe that the neo-Kaleckian model unilaterally emphasizes the demand-side factors in the economy and, unconsciously or not, ignores the role of the supply-side, which makes it encounter certain limitations in explaining long-term growth. Even if some empirical conclusions are employed to bridge functional income distribution and technological progress, there is still a lack of a theoretical basis for accurately describing long-term economic changes using this model. In order to better promote high-quality economic development and accelerate the formation of a new pattern of economic development in which the domestic large-scale cycle is the mainstay and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other, the authors need to adopt a policy combination with the supply-side as the main and the demand-side as the supplement, and to work from both sides.