Capital Speculation Research Articles

The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy by Jonathan Singerton

Reviewed by: The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy by Jonathan Singerton Eric Grube Jonathan Singerton, The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2022. 366 pp. Jonathan Singerton's The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy accomplishes a revolutionary feat: centering agents and actors from Habsburg lands within the transoceanic processes and upheavals that marked the early revolutionary Atlantic. Singerton argues that Habsburg inhabitants were neither diametrically opposed to the ideals and movements of the revolutionary era nor hermetically sealed off from them. He thus overturns any teleological assumptions that this dynasty—which would wage war against Revolutionary France and would come to embody post-Napoleonic conservatism—rejected outright the American revolutionary project and the fledgling United States. Instead, Singerton argues that merchants, trade representatives, diplomats, [End Page 111] bureaucrats, royals, soldiers, and everyday subjects were integral to the story of the new republic's foundation. Singerton also successfully identifies, narrates, and interprets the bi- and even multilateral dynamics at play, showing how American revolutionaries shaped Habsburg imperial calculations, capital speculations, and material transactions. Singerton succeeds in his main goal of reorienting our sense of who, what, and where constitutes Atlantic history, but he also succeeds in a much more nuanced way: taking what might lend itself to a "traditional," top-down story of high-stakes diplomacy and presenting it from economic and cultural perspectives. Singerton's economic and cultural emphases shed light on the multifaceted sinews stitching together international with intercontinental connections and domestic with foreign affairs across the two sides of the Atlantic. Each chapter examines the topic from a particular optic, ranging from Habsburg intellectual and religious discourses concerning the Americas before the revolution to legal histories of neutrality and neutral shipping that turned the Austrian Netherlands into a wartime commercial nexus. The military stories on offer explore epistolary evidence of eager volunteers from Habsburg Europe seeking to place themselves under Benjamin Franklin's command, while Singerton also presents convincing data concerning commodity exchange between American ports and the Habsburg entrepôts of Ostend, Trieste, and Livorno. His work also rightfully places cultural history front and center, diving deeply into the intricacies of statecraft protocols and etiquette, the perceived breach of which could have had monumental ramifications. His focus on regional histories reveals fascinating tensions between bureaucrats in the Austrian Netherlands and ministers in the metropole of Vienna. What's more, he uncovers the complex international elements at play, as many of these conversations and networks played out via Tuscan networks (among others) in Paris. The resulting book is a tour de force, one that showcases the plurality of ways in which Habsburg inhabitants not just flirted with American revolutionary ideas and overtures but often actively sought to capitalize on new opportunities for mercantile gain and diplomatic prestige. Regardless of a given reader's research focus or interest, one can find in Singerton's work a multitude of fresh ways to conceptualize Habsburg and Atlantic histories. While The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy certainly soars, there are a few ways in which Singerton could have elevated the work to new heights. At times he seems at risk of overplaying his hand regarding the roles of Habsburg inhabitants in the early revolutionary Atlantic. The [End Page 112] extent to which the trade bubble at Ostend burst when the American War of Independence concluded, when other ports again became viable nodes of exchange, could suggest this U.S.-Habsburg trade was neither sustainable nor as desired as is suggested. Indeed, the monograph seems to have a tone of "opportunities lost" by the failure to solidify diplomatic recognition and formal trade agreements between the Habsburg realms and the United States until the nineteenth century. But perhaps in context, these agents saw a rejection of such options as their best strategies for advancement. It would also be interesting to read more about how internal fissures and distinctions within Habsburg holdings—territorial, legal, administrative, and customary—influenced the American Revolution or were in turn influenced by the American Revolution. Singerton addresses these in detail regarding the Austrian Netherlands and Vienna, plus the intra-imperial jockeying for trade between agents in Ostend and Trieste. And he excels...

Panacea or Pandora's Box? An institutional analysis of the contested long-term rental apartments development in China

The dramatic growth of long-term rental apartments (LRAs) in China's megacities since 2015, spurred by a series of state policies encouraging the development of the private rental sector (PRS), has culminated in many LRA firms encountering capital chain rupture and even going bankrupt within a short period. As a result, thousands of tenants were rendered homeless and many property owners were left unpaid. The present study analyses the boom and bust of LRA development in China under housing financialisation and explores the relationship between the transformative institutions – characterised by policy deregulation/re-regulation – and market performance stimulated by capital speculation. The findings of this study reveal the institutional changes in China's PRS to have been closely linked to the socio-economic changes emanated from endogenous opportunism and exogenous shocks. Specifically, the policy drift in the PRS was closely associated with deregulation and capital speculation, while policy layering was employed to institutionalise, regulate and legalise the PRS, thus mitigating the housing shortage crisis and ensuring the retention of social stability. Adapting to the volatile politico-economic circumstances as a form of punctuated equilibrium, policies governing the PRS require constant assessment and reflection to safeguard people's basic housing rights.

Equity Reform and High-Quality Development of State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence From China in the New Era.

How to improve the development quality of state-owned enterprises is of great significance to the economic and social development in the transition period. And promoting the reform of mixed ownership is an important path for state-owned enterprises to achieve high-quality development. Based on the micro-data of China’s A-share listed state-owned companies, the paper explores the impact of mixed ownership reform on the high-quality development of state-owned enterprises. It clarifies the importance and moderation of equity reform and the heterogeneity of impact effects from the theoretical mechanism analysis and empirical test. It also analyzes the reasons of inverted U-shape from the perspective of the transmission mechanism of the internal competition atmosphere and non-state-owned capital speculation motivation. It is found that the relationship between equity reform and state-owned enterprises’ high-quality development is inverted U-shaped with multi-dimensional heterogeneity. From the analysis of conduction mechanism, on the one hand, the equity reform can enhance the internal competitive atmosphere, stimulate the vitality of enterprises and improve the development quality for state-owned enterprises. On the other hand, it enhances the speculation motivation of enterprises and slows down the high-quality development process.

Role of Photolithographic Process in Semiconductor Manufacturing

Semiconductor Fabrication is a business of high capital speculation and quick evolving nature. To be serious, the creation in a fabrication should be viably arranged and planned beginning from the inclining up stage, with the goal that the business objectives, for example, on-time conveyance, high yield volume and viable utilization of capital concentrated hardware can be accomplished. Reproduction gives a successful tool to characterizing the way from serious ideas to true arrangements. More consideration is presently being centred on the precision of information gathered, implies for separating and bringing in information to the models, and staying up to date with changes in the fabrication. The directors and architects are these days properly worried about whether the model is a decent portrayal of the fabrication, and whether the outcomes are right. This is tended to through check and approval. The re-enactment group does approval by looking at the spreadsheet models and fabrication information, however formal systems have not been applied with the end goal of approval. The check and approval techniques are not officially recorded either. Additionally, the administration chose to explore different avenues regarding new programming called Lucent AP.

Glocal South Sides: Race, Capital, and Performing against Injustice

This essay uses the concept of g/locality to refine the overbroad application of the Global South to explore links between performance in Chicago, whose racial segregation prompted anti-apartheid South African exiles in the 1980s to call the city "Johannesburg by the Lake," and Johannesburg, whose combination of innovation and lawlessness has inspired writers from the 1950s to the present to dub the storied inner-city district Sophiatown the "Chicago of Johannesburg." Treating these points of comparison between Chicago and Johannesburg with due acknowledgment of the significant differences between the United States and South Africa, the essay argues that the persistence of structural racial and economic violence—violence embedded in institutions and practices—in and around Black communities despite elite claims for progressive improvements merits attention. This injustice and ongoing discrimination between affluent and deprived groups within one country or even one city has prompted activist, analytical, and theatrical responses that link, directly or indirectly, representations in South Africa and in African America. The essay will therefore lay out the contexts, past and present, of explicit as well as implied links between Chicago and Johannesburg, onstage and elsewhere, before turning to two recent plays, Exit Strategy (2014) by Ike Holter in Chicago and The Man in the Green Jacket (2013) by Eliot Moleba in Johannesburg, which highlight the shared interest by South Africans and African Americans in challenging economic injustice and structural violence wrought as much by capital speculation as by outright racism, and their impact on individuals and communities shaped the glocal pull of affluent urban centers.

Image Offload Computation Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in Mobile Cloud Computing

The cloud proclaims another period of compute where relevance administrations are given throughout the Internet. Cloud Computing may improve the calculating ability of mobile frameworks. Cloud Computing is a new worldview in which computing advantages, for instance, preparing, memory, and capacity aren’t actually exhibit at the client's area. Moderately, a dedicated co-op claims and contracts with these benefits, and customers obtain to them through resources of the web. Amazon Web Services offers customers a possibility to hoard entity in sequence through resources of its easy storage space check and execute computations on place not here in sequence. This kind of calculating give small introductory capital speculation, shorter start-up instant for novel administrations, lesser upkeep and task costs, superior use by virtualization, and simpler catastrophe recuperation. Cloud Computing may give power investment funds as a support of mobile clients; however it likewise represents some extraordinary difficulties. This paper basically center around image information offload as of mobile to remote server, which at that point procedures image and changes over it to suitable, good low goals image on solicitation through new mobile customers. This change lessens mobile gadget energy utilization pretty downloading equal lofty goals imagery.

Real Estate Industry as an Urban Growth Machine: A Review of the Political Economy and Political Ecology of Urban Space Production in Mexico City

Cities concentrate the means of production, wealth, political power, infrastructure, educational institutions, and a relevant share of our cultural heritage. As such, they are seen as places of opportunities. Contemporary urbanization, however, being central to the accumulation of capital, has also escalated environmental problems that are usually suffered by the urban poor due to an uneven production of urban space. Mexico City is not an exception. It has mainly expanded through a lively auto-construction process and, more recently, under the incentive of a speculative urban development. The first trend reinforces the informal housing sector, in certain cases, involving significant environmental implications such as the degradation of land of ecological value. The second trend responds to capital accumulation dynamics, promoting urban renewal in central areas or where a greater potential rent-gap exists, underpinning the uneven production of urban space, and usually withholding most of its related socioenvironmental impacts. This paper focusses on this second process. It assesses the so-called “urban growth machine” in action, its socioecological impacts, and related contestation processes. With that in mind and after a general introduction and a brief description of urban development in Mexico, the real estate industry in Mexico City is evaluated in terms of the potential ecological implications of the building stock expansion from 2012 to 2018. A spatial distribution analysis of contestation processes, correlated to such urban expansion, is presented as well. The case study confirms what has been learned in other locations of the Global South, where a contradictory and uneven process of urban development has also been experienced under the stimulus of capital speculation. The paper, however, offers a novel approach by bringing together urban political economy, industrial ecology and urban political ecology analytical tools. Such hybridization, it is argued, enables a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary urbanization and its socioenvironmental impacts, which in turn is central to any effort for urban transformation.

Review: L'Enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C., by Michael Bednar; Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C., by Sarah Luria; and The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro, by Zachary M. Schrag

Review: <i>L'Enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C.</i>, by Michael Bednar; <i>Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C.</i>, by Sarah Luria; and <i>The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro</i>, by Zachary M. Schrag

Empire and Slavery in American Literature, 1820-1865; Underwriting: The Poetics of Insurance in America, 1722-1872; Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C.

Empire and Slavery in American Literature, 1820-1865; Underwriting: The Poetics of Insurance in America, 1722-1872; Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C.

SARAH LURIA. Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C. Hanover, N.H.: University of New Hampshire Press in association with the Center for American Places, Santa Fe, N. Mex. 2006. Pp. xxxi, 196. Cloth $65.00, paper $26.00

SARAH LURIA. Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C. Hanover, N.H.: University of New Hampshire Press in association with the Center for American Places, Santa Fe, N. Mex. 2006. Pp. xxxi, 196. Cloth $65.00, paper $26.00

Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C

Capital Speculations: Writing and Building Washington, D.C