Capital Of Territories Research Articles

Interdisciplinary approach to investigating capital of territories with unbalanced development

Multidimensionality, diversity, and multiplicity of changes occurring today at the level of territorial locations of various scales significantly actualise the resource component of the processes of life in the territories, since the positive dynamics of development of any socio-economic system is based on the provision of each stage with the necessary resources for development. It is even more significant for the territories with unbalanced development, since the lack of balance in the development of territories is often a consequence of violations in the resource provision of this process. All the above determines the relevance of the study of the capital of the territory with unbalanced development with the designation as the subject of the study of the need to form an appropriate interdisciplinary approach based on the optimal combination of theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study the capital of the territory. The aim of the study is to summarize the components of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of different types of territorial capital; to identify specific features of the theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study different types of territorial capital; to identify common intersections and prospects of interdisciplinary tools, methods, formats in the study of territorial capital with imbalanced development. The methodological basis of the study will be a set of general and private scientific methods, the use of which allows to achieve the goal of the study. The expected results of the study are a conceptual framework that will in the future form a unified interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological approach to the study of capital of a territory with unbalanced development.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ПЛАНУВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В УМОВАХ ВІДБУДОВИ КРАЇНИ

Economic mechanisms of territorial development planning are considered. The problems of researching the economic mechanisms of planning the development of territories in the conditions of the reconstruction of the country and the directions of their effective effectiveness are determined, as well as the justification of measures for their successful implementation. The legal basis of the research in the field of territorial development planning is analyzed, the purpose of the study is determined – analysis of economic mechanisms of territorial development planning in the reconstruction of the country and determine proposals for improving these mechanisms in the transformation of public relations and regeneration of territories in the country. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction, observation, which provide an opportunity to analyze achievements in theory and practice in the field of territorial development planning. The processes of improvement of economic mechanisms of planning of development of territories in the conditions of reconstruction and regeneration of territories, legal maintenance of town-planning development are defined by actual. The normative- legislative documents in the field of territorial development planning are studied, which provide a certain basic basis and increase the efficiency of application of new tools and practices in the conditions of reconstruction of the country. The role of public administration and administration bodies in the formation of the economic basis for the effective development of the territories of Ukraine is determined, given the strengthening of the impact of martial law. Modern innovative approaches to the effective implementation of urban development in modern conditions of regeneration of spaces and the need for their economic support are updated. The importance of improving the economic mechanisms of territorial development planning and the formation of innovation and investment climate to address priorities and find solutions for spatial development at the local level is substantiated. The conclusion of the study is the need to introduce economic mechanisms for planning the development of territories, in particular, mechanisms for investment provision of territories, mechanisms for financial support of the processes of reproduction of territories, mechanisms for reproduction of the capital of territories, state economic support, which are innovative and investment capable and are the direction of the use of modern technologies at the level of each territorial community in the conditions of the reconstruction of the country.

The influence of socio-demographic factors on the reproduction of human capital in rural areas

The article is devoted to topical issues of the impact of socio-economic conditions on the reproduction of human capital in rural areas. The analysis of the main indicators describing the demographic situation, namely: the birth rate and mortality rate, natural growth rate, employment rate and unemployment of the rural population. The main manifestations that characterize the current demographic problems of rural development, in particular the negative trend in mortality, which significantly exceeds the birth rate, reducing the number of women of childbearing age, reducing the number of households with children, the excess of dead women compared to men The emergence of a number of rural settlements that are on the verge of extinction or have prospects for extinction It contains the results of the analysis, which indicate the need to develop a plan for the development of preschool and school facilities, providing health care facilities with pediatricians located in rural areas. The research made it possible to identify a tendency to increase the costs of rural households with the advent of further child care, as well as to identify a number of circumstances that affect the costs of its development. It is substantiated that the social policy of the state and the actions of the Government of Ukraine should be focused on solving the issues of poverty, which envisages measures for the social protection of families in which children are born. On the basis of statistical data the infrastructural providing of process of reproduction of human capital of rural territories of the country is considered. It was revealed that an important obstacle to the prospects for the development of rural settlements is their inadequate provision of preschool and school educational institutions. Brought, that the policy of optimizing the network of medical and educational institutions in rural areas, low rates of development of social and engineering infrastructure of rural areas have a negative impact on their attractiveness. Key words: rural areas, development, rural population, socio-economic factors, demographic situation.

ОЦЕНКА ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РЕГИОНА

Human capital determines the state and development of rural areas, and the investment in the socio-economic development of the village contributes to its development. This should be taken into account when developing state support measures and generating management decisions at the federal and regional level. The purpose of the study is an assessment of the state of human capital of rural territories and identifying the factors constraining its development in a separate region. During the study, the methods of statistical and economic and index analysis were used. The empirical base of the study is based on the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Rostov Region and the Labor Scientists. The study showed that in the Rostov region, the human capital of rural areas lags behind urban practically in all indicators. The incomes of rural residents of the region are growing thanks to the development of the agro-industrial complex, it is reduced by a gap between the wage of agricultural workers and the average wage in the field, but the village has a low level of employment of the population, leading to the outflow of rural residents in the city. Under these conditions, there is a need to diversify the rural economy to create additional jobs. The modernization of the social infrastructure of rural areas of the region is needed to improve the provision of rural residents with comfortable and comfortable housing, the availability of pre-school education and medical services, the creation of organized places for leisure activities, which will allow to preserve the human capital of rural territories of the region.

ОЦЕНКА СООТВЕТСТВИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА УСЛОВИЯМ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ

Theoretical and practical developments in the field of human capital development and ensuring the processes of its use can be found in various works of Russian and foreign authors. The results of scientific works create the necessary basis for studying the human capital of rural areas. At the same time, despite a significant number of studies, a number of issues such as the assessment of rural human capital, criteria and indicators of its formation, as well as the features of such measurements related to the specifics of rural areas, require the development of new methodological approaches. The existing methods, firstly, do not always determine both the level of human capital in rural areas and the conditions for its formation, and, secondly, they include various indicator systems that are difficult to interpret when conducting a study. In this regard, the results of such assessments lead to significant discrepancies in the size of rural human capital and, accordingly, it is impossible to take the necessary management measures for its normal reproduction and development in accordance with the conditions of formation. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to develop a methodology based on a point-rating assessment of the level of human capital of rural territories by its elements (health, education, culture and sports) and the conditions of its formation (demographic and migration, infrastructure, socio-economic), testing, which in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation using cluster analysis revealed the types of rural territories with different degrees of balance. The practical application of the developed methodology made it possible to identify the leading regions and outsider regions, which will help the authorities to make timely management decisions to equalize the current situation in rural areas of the regions.

Una aproximación al turismo micológico desde el enfoque de capital rural. Análisis comparativo en el Centro de México

El turismo rural juega un importante papel en la reestructuración productiva del espacio rural, siendo una estrategia transversal de diversificación económica, basada en los principios de multifuncionalidad y pluriactividad. El desarrollo de algunas modalidades turísticas, como el turismo micológico, depende de la articulación entre recursos específicos que integran el capital rural de los territorios. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar la importancia del capital rural en la conformación de procesos de desarrollo local, basados en el aprovechamiento turístico de los recursos micológicos. Desde un enfoque etnográfico, centrado en el actor, se construyó un análisis comparativo sobre las interacciones entre las distintas formas de capital rural que influyen en la conformación de dos ofertas de turismo micológico. Se concluye que la cantidad y distribución del capital rural produce trayectorias diferenciadas respecto a la apropiación turística de los recursos micológicos, en función de la configuración de cada territorio.

AN EFFICIENT USE OF DEGRADED AND LOW-YIELDING AGRICULTURAL LANDS: PLANNING ASPECT

Introduction. One applies a significant area of land with degraded and low-yielding soils for intensive agricultural use in Ukraine. It is economically impractical and environmentally unsafe. One of the tasks of sustainable development of the nation is to achieve a neutral state of land cover to stop the processes of land degradation and boost their productivity restoration. This fact requires the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the multifunctional land use to achieve a balance between the economy, society, and the biosphere. The purpose. The aim of the study is to develop methodological and practical recommendations for organizing the use of degraded and low-yielding agricultural lands, considering the conceptual goals of landscape planning. Results. Concerning the authors’ views, the efficient use of degraded and low-yielding agricultural land involves the formation of a system of land use that provides restoration, preservation, and maintenance of the natural capital of territories and corresponding ecosystem functions and services. In this context, one has discussed the expediency of landscape planning at the local level, as an essential tool for the sustainable management of land resources. One has proposed to make integrated decisions concerning the analysis of social and economic as well as landscape and ecological conditions of territories, defining nature protection objectives for the optimization of land use and landscapes, which are based on the assessment of sensitivity to existing and planned activities. Considering the analysis and assessment of landscape and ecological conditions, one has recommended carrying out land zoning, identifying types and subtypes of land use, and determining regulations for the use of areas with degraded and low-yielding soils. An important prerequisite for such an approach is public discussions with the involvement of experts in the field of nature use and protection. Conclusions. Landscape planning is of vital importance to solve the problems of the use of degraded and low-yielding agricultural lands, as it shifts from prevailing industry and functional approaches to ecosystems approach concerning making landscape management decisions on a sustainable development basis. Keywords: land use, degraded and low-yielding soils, landscape planning, land zoning, natural capital.

Representation of Symbolic Capital of Territories by Actors of "Digital" and "Analogue" Generations in Multimodal Texts

On the basis of the socio-semiotic theory of representation, the concept of symbolic capital of territories, ideas about ”analogue” and ”digital” media generations, the study analyzes specific institutional and non-institutional audiovisual messages reflecting the symbolic capital of territories. The study material was 157 audiovisual texts of different artistic and journalistic genres, selected due to a large number of viewings. These multimodal representational texts mainly reflect the symbolic capital of the Ural Federal District. The author developed her research methodology, which allowed revealing the structures of multimodal texts and interpreting their meanings. The results of the study indicate various generational ”multimodal ensembles” of messages and, as a result, only partially coincident “world caught in the frame”. The messages of professional journalists focus distinctively on industrial and human capitals, while those of non-institutional actors describe economic, cultural and social advantages of the territories. Although analogue and digital generations apply diverse multimodal tools, their way of filming stories is different as well.
 Keywords: social semiotics, media generation, multimodal texts, symbolic capital of the territories.

Influence of Features of the Organization of Farming Activitieson the Formation of Human Capital of Rural Territories

Influence of Features of the Organization of Farming Activitieson the Formation of Human Capital of Rural Territories

Миграционный фактор в формировании человеческого капитала арктических территорий России

Арктические территории России новый объект государственной политики и управления, требующий усиленного научного сопровождения. В рамках обеспечения устойчивого развития таких территорий сегодня актуальны якорные проекты развития, система государственного протекционизма, дополнительные потребности в энергетической, бытовой и транспортной инфраструктурах и т.п. Очевидно, что в настоящее время предъявляются особые требования к закреплению населения на арктических территориях России, сокращению его миграционной убыли, формированию и накоплению качественного человеческого капитала арктических территорий. Человеческий капитал арктических территорий это важнейший вопрос, напрямую связанный со всевозможными аспектами освоения природных ресурсов арктических территорий России: историческая и современная значимость возобновляемых и невозобновляемых ресурсов Арктики в обеспечении социальноэкономического развития России не подлежит сомнению. Сегодня существующие наработки в сфере управления социальным и экономическим развитием арктических территорий России выходят на фундаментальную проблему, грани которой определяются общественными процессами (например, эффект арктического удорожания жизнедеятельности), рамки которых ограничены экономической и социальной активностью, и целями государственного управления, декларативно направленными на обеспечение развития экономики таких территорий. Человеческий капитал движущая сила освоения арктических территорий, основным фактором накопления которой является достойный уровень жизни населения, поскольку именно возможности человека в доступе к ресурсам развития определяют не только качество производительных способностей человека, но и актуализируют задачи накопления человеческого капитала. На наш взгляд, ориентиры современного арктического вектора государственного управления в России сегодня должны составлять выработанные учеными арктических и приарктических стран общие концептуальные положения, в числе которых протекционизм в экономике, приоритеты устойчивого социальноэкономического развития, а также необходимость сохранения и преумножения человеческого капитала арктических территорий. The Arctic territories of Russia are a new object of state policy and management, requiring enhanced scientific support. As part of ensuring the sustainable development of such territories, anchor development projects, a system of state protectionism, additional needs for energy, household and transport infrastructures, etc. are relevant today. It is obvious that at present special requirements are being placed on securing the population in the Arctic territories of Russia, reducing its migration loss, forming and accumulating quality human capital of the Arctic territories. The human capital of the Arctic territories is a crucial actor that is directly related to all kinds of aspects of developing the natural resources of the Arctic territories of Russia. The historical and current importance of renewable and nonrenewable resources of the Arctic in ensuring the socioeconomic development of Russia is beyond doubt. Today, the current developments in the sphere of managing the social and economic development of the Arctic territories of Russia come to a fundamental problem, the boundaries of which are determined by social processes (for example, the effect of the Arctic cost of living), the framework of which is limited by economic and social activity, and public administration goals, declaratively aimed at ensuring development economies of such territories. The human capital is the driving force for the development of the Arctic territories, the main factor of accumulation of which is a decent standard of living of the population, since it is precisely the persons ability to access development resources that determine not only the quality of human productive capabilities, but also actualize the tasks of accumulating human capital. The analysis of the role of the migration factor in the formation of human capital in the Arctic territories of Russia was the goal of this study. The analysis of the human capital of the territories of the western sector of the Russian Arctic and the study of the relationship of the migration situation in the Arctic territories with their functional specificity made up the main objectives of the study. Logical and statistical analysis methods were applied in this study.

The modelling of national wealth of the Russia’s regions

In the article, an application of the approach, based on the methodology of the indicative analysis, to the modeling of a condition of the national wealth of the Russia’s regions is proved, its main advantages are shown. Research purposes are: to define a quality and development level of the national capital components of constituent territories of the Russian Federation (the natural and resource, physical and human capitals); and to identify the reasons of a developing situation; to define a contribution of each subject of the Russian Federation in the developing of the country’s national wealth; to contribute to the individual approach development of the management of components of the national capital for all the Russia’s regions. The methodic allowing to transform the different indicative indicators of various measure to a balance, and also to receive and differentiate integrated estimates of components of the national capital of each territorial subject of the Russian Federation according to the offered classification is given. As an example of the assessment results of the human capital of the constituent territories of the Russian Federation in 2011 (in the rating form) and diagrams of its changing for 2000-2011 in the Russian Federation’s subjects of the first and last places in rating are presented. The assessment mechanism of contribution of particular components of human capital to the development of its integrated assessment is given, and such opportunity is shown.

THE RESIDENTIAL PATTERN OF SAMURAI IN THE CASTLE TOWN SENDAI IN THE 17TH CENTURY

Many castle towns of Japan were constructed as political, economic and military centers of feudal territories under city plannings in the late 16th and the early 17th centuries. Samurai districts, merchant districts, temples and shrines were allocated around the castle. The samurai quarter which occupied extensive area formed an important part of the castle town. The samurai was a soldier, but sometimes he was engaged in governmental administration. In a sense, the castle served as an administrative institution. According to the previous studies, it is known that the residential pattern of samurai showed concentric tonal pattern. However, the most of those studies lack in dynamic analysis on the residential pattern of samurai. The author intended to analyze the characteristics of the residential pattern of samurai through the expansion of built-up areas of Sendai castle town. In the Edo period, Sendai was the capital of the feudal territories ruled by the feudal lord of Date who was one of the most influential Daimyo (feudal lord) in Japan, and ruled a part of the Tohoku District. The population of Sendai in the late 17th century was about 60, 000. Several maps presenting the locations and quarters of the samurai residences in the 17th century are available. Each map includes personal names of each samurai family. Comparison of those maps makes it possible to disclose residential moves of samurai. The residential pattern of samurai in the mid-17th century can be explained by the concentric zone around the castle, the landform and the period of expansion. Allocation of samurai disticts reveals that in each period the samurai districts were newly built without changing old buit-up areas. At the time when the castle town was newly constructed, the residential pattern had coincided with that of samurai districts. Afterward the residential pattern was influenced by the residential mobility of samurai. This was remarkable in the 17th century when the built-up areas of Sendai expanded. In addition, direct and indirect moves occurred because of the change in status of samurai. The expansion of samurai quarter was caused primarily by the growth of the agricultural production. And the number of samurai family increased because of setting up its branch families and of employment of the new samurai. The expansion of samurai quarters was not always caused by the increase in number of samurai families in the case of Sendai, for some of the higher-class samurai lived in their own territories. In the 17th century, the number of samurai continued to increase, but the samurai's houses were built intentionally but discontinuously. In consequence, the shortage of residential houses of samurai occurred just before the expansion of the built-up areas. The mobility of the lower-class samurai was high. It was remarkable in the expansion period. Particularly, high mobility was recognized in the central district near the castle. There, the in-moves of samurai due to the promotion in his status and the out-moves without change in the status were observed.

Bionomics of Tsetse and other parasitological notes in the Gold Coast

The following report is based on a tour which extended from September 1915 to February 1917, but included in it are also some observations made during a few months residence in 1914.The area comprised lies partly in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, and partly in Togoland (see Map, Bull. Ent. Res., V, p. 32). It extends from 8° N. to 9° 45' N. and from 0° 15' E. to 2° 30' W. My headquarters were at Yapi on the River Volta about 28 miles south-west of Tamale, the capital of the Northern Territories. I have already described in a previous report the nature of the country and the type of vegetation, so need not repeat them here. I examined the whole of the Volta from Yapi to Yeji by canoe, and then followed a sinuous route on my return journey, keeping as close to the River as possible. The country between Yapi and Daboya, a large town with an important ferry on the Volta, was traversed on several occasions. From Daboya I went to Bole and made my temporary headquarters at Larabanga, the centre of the game and Glossina submorsitans area. Here I spent several weeks under canvas in three separate localities in the bush. On my homeward journey I visited Yendi, formerly an important German post in Togoland, thence going to Salaga and Kete-Krachi, where I crossed the Volta and proceeded to join the main north road at Atabubu (Tabobo).