Capital Loans Research Articles

Credit situation of microenterprises in Poland – trends and implications

The study aim is to characterise and assess the credit situation of microenterprises in Poland in 2020-2022. We focus on credit dynamics and quality, including total loans, investment loans, working capital loans, and overdrafts. We use monthly data from Polish Credit Information Bureau (BIK). The research covers the period between July 2020 and July 2022. We observe a significant increase in the dynamics of loans granted to microenterprises at the beginning of 2021 and a downward trend in the following analysed months. The fluctuation is similar for investment loans, working capital loans, and overdrafts. We claim that a decrease in the dynamics and interest in loans by microenterprises is not dependent only on the COVID-19 pandemic. A substantial reduction in the value of the Portfolio Quality Index is noticed during the first months of the analysed period (second half of 2020). Then its value stabilizes at a low level. The Index of Portfolio Quality for all analysed industries shows similar values. The analysis results indicate an unfavourable trend that should worry the microentrepreneurs sector and may also negatively affect the entire economy.

EDUKASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM KONVEKSI “UNIFORM MANUFACTURING DAN SERBA-SERBI OLSHOP”

The Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector has proven to be resilient when there is an economic crisis at this time, only the MSME sector has survived the economic collapse during the Covid-19 pandemic while the larger sector has actually collapsed due to the crisis. Capital is an important factor for developing a business and to get capital loans from financial institutions, financial statements are very important because through these financial statements, banks and financial institutions can assess the ability to pay loans from these MSMEs. In this regard, one of the contributions of academics is to carry out community service. The purpose of this activity is to provide accounting education and assistance in the preparation of financial statements to MSMEs "Uniform Manufacturing & Serba Serbi Ollshop". This MSME is located in Selagik village, Terara district, East Lombok regency and its business activities are in the convection sector. Based on the results of community service, it can be concluded that the owner of the convection MSME "Uniform Manufacturing and Sundry Olshop Selagik village, Terara District, East Lombok, do not know about the preparation of financial statements. Therefore, there needs to be improvements in business financial management by compiling financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting standards.

The Role of Bekraf and Development Micro and Small Industries (MSE) in Indonesia

The study aims to analyze the indirect role of Bekraf and the business environment in the development of MSEs in Indonesia by using the SME strengthening framework applied in OECD countries. The research data uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency which are the results of a survey of micro and small industries for the period 2010 – 2019. For estimation, this study uses a robust regression method that is not sensitive to outlier data. The findings of this study are that the BEKRAF institution plays more of a role in export-oriented MSEs than in domestic market-oriented MSEs, but the role of the BEKRAF institution is still limited to increasing external loans and has not touched on increasing the productivity and compensation of SME workers. The use of the internet and online sales media for MSEs has increased competitiveness in the domestic market, while Global Value Chain (GVC) participation and the level of education of entrepreneurs have provided increased export opportunities. The level education of workers has not contributed to the performance of SMEs in comparable to the entrepreneurs which has made a positive contribution to export-oriented SMEs. The access to a fixed capital remains as the main obstacle in facilitating the development of SMEs. Therefore, its business environment needs to be improved by adjusting the capital loans that are tailored to the conditions and needs of SMEs or improving the skills and education of workers and entrepreneurs which are aligned with the level of technology mastered by SMEs. Improving SME technology itself can be done in collaboration with large industries within the GVC framework.

Minority Serving Institutions and African American-Owned Technology Firms Barriers in Assistive Technology Research and Development

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> The Objective was implemented at the exploratory and discovery stage of research to identify and describe Delphi panelists' perspectives on AT-R&D participation barriers. <h3>Design</h3> A Delphi Technique, mixed-methods approach, was used to examine panelists' perceptions on the importance of contextual AT-R&D barriers resulting from policy and systems issues across different categories. <h3>Setting</h3> Delphi technique group survey activities were conducted through PsychData online survey platform. <h3>Participants</h3> The sample consisted of n=25, HBCU and Small African American-owned technology firms personnel with a wide range of knowledge on AT development. <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Nvivo analyzed the qualitative data collected in Round 1 and generated themes. SPSS version 28 was used to calculate quantitative data to describe the priority of importance rankings and ratings in Round 2 (e.g., M; SD; ∑Rank Point). <h3>Results</h3> Findings indicated the four most important barriers among HBCU stem faculty were: heavy teaching loads, research infrastructures, student advisement commitments, and grant review processes. Small African American-owned technology firms reported the following barriers: knowledge and development of entrepreneur skills, investment, access to sufficient capital loans, facilities, research collaborations between HBCUs and Techpreneurs, and labor markets/supply demands. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings provide information about what Federal research entity leaders and HBCU administrators can do to stimulate competitive disability and rehabilitation AT-R&D participation across the HBCU Community and African American-owned technology firms. Recommendations that can be considered for external and internal policy and systems modifications to address the current under-funding and under-participation of HBCUs as "grantees" across the Federal disability and rehabilitation AT- R&D enterprise's. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Acknowledgment: The contents of this article were developed under grants from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR grant numbers 90AR5029, and 90RTST0001). NIDILRR is a Center within the Administration for Community Living (ACL), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The contents of this article do not necessarily represent the policy of NIDILRR, ACL, HHS, and one should not assume endorsement by the federal government.

ANALISIS DAMPAK PEMBERIAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN USAHA KECIL PADA PT. BPR DELTA ARTHA PANGGUNG SITUBONDO

Bank Perkredit Rakyat (BPR) has a variety of savings products and credit products. One of its credit products is a working capital credit product. This working capital is a business capital financing credit / business operations. This research is in the form of field research or also known as qualitative research. The results showed that the procedure for disbursing working capital loans at PT. BPR Delta Artha Panggung Situbondo Branch is not complicated and the requirements required are easy to meet by small businesses, small entrepreneurs also feel no objection to the guarantee required by PT. BPR Delta Artha Panggung Situbondo Branch to take working capital credit, so that the distribution of working capital credit product funds from PT. BPR Delta Artha Panggung Situbondo Branch is deeply felt by small entrepreneurs who lack capital, because with the funds for working capital products, small entrepreneurs can be more free to add a variety of their business products.

Islamic Philanthropy and Optimization of ZISWAF as a Solution Overcoming the Economic Recession

This study focuses on the Islamic philanthropy movement and the optimization of ZISWAF conducted by LAZIS Sabilillah Malang City in an effort to overcome the economic recession in the city of Malang. Islamic philanthropy is an effort to alleviate poverty and empower the mustahiq economy through the provision of capital loans and business assistance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Islamic philanthropy variables and the optimization of ZIWAF on efforts to overcome the economic recession in Malang City through economic empowerment of business development and its implications for mustahiq through the utilization of zakat, infaq and shadaqah funds in LAZIS Sabilillah Malang City. The research methodology used in this research is research quantitative analysis tools with Smart PLS which aims to build a detailed view of the object of research by collecting information or symptoms that are happening now and then looking for solutions in solving the problem with a quantitative approach. The research design itself consists of two main activities, namely the data collection design and the sampling design. This study aims to determine the role of Islamic philanthropy that affects the optimization of ZISWAF against the economic recession in Malang City.From the results of this research, it can be found that the optimization of ZISWAFable to mediate the relationship of Islamic philanthropy programs carried out on the economic recession variable. Because the direct relationship between Islamic philanthropy and economic recession is significant, the optimization of ZISWAF mediates the relationship between Islamic philanthropy and partial mediation. The higher the ZISWAF optimization value obtained by mustahiq, the higher the success of overcoming the economic recession. the higher the Islamic philanthropy that exists and is obtained from mustahiq, the higher the success rate of overcoming the economic recession that is carried out. The higher the ZISWAF optimization obtained by mustahiq, the higher the success rate in overcoming the economic recession that is carried out.

Pelatihan SIAPIK Berbasis Android untuk Mengoptimalisasi Pengelolaan Keuangan UMKM Syariah di Kabupaten Bangka

This community service aims to provide bookkeeping and financial reporting training using the Android-based SIAPIK application program for sharia UMKM players in the Bangka district. The methods of implementing this service activity were offline training and mentoring methods. This service targeted 26 sharia MSME actors in the Bangka district. The evaluation instrument for this activity used Quizzes and test questions. The results of this service showed that the SIAPIK training had increased the understanding of UMKM actors about the importance of financial management for micro, small, and medium enterprises, as well as the practice of preparing financial reports using the SIAPIK application. The SIAPIK application is expected to make it easier to make financial reports useful for business decisions and applying for capital loans from creditors.

Moneylender and the Welfare of Traders in Parung Market: Theological and Economic Approach

This research focuses on traders in Parung Market, aiming to discuss Moneylender and the welfare of traders in the Parung Market from theological and economic perspectives. The purpose of this study is: (1) to determine the existence of Moneylender in trading, (2) Moneylender from a theological perspective, and (3) to analyze the impact of Moneylender practices on the welfare of traders in Parung Market from an economic perspective. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research method with a critical paradigm approach in a case study research method. The primary data collection method is observation, structured interviews, and documentation. Data processing and analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. While testing the validity of the data is done by testing the credibility. This research’s findings indicate that Moneylender have existed since 2013 due to the need for capital and the absence of financial institutions that provide capital lending facilities. In addition, the mechanism for accounts payable is carried out with an easy process, but debt payments use the installment system daily. Moneylender harms the welfare of traders in Parung Market. From a theological perspective, the practice of usury by Moneylenders is not following the principles of Islamic economics, namely the principle of justice, the principle of Ta’awun, and Maslahat, so it does not meet the spiritual needs of traders. Meanwhile, from an economic perspective, capital loans from Moneylender can only meet capital needs for the short term and support the business being carried out because the interest charged to traders is very high.

PENGARUH RASIO KESEHATAN BANK TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA PADA USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Banking as an intermediary institution whose task is to collect funds from the community and channel it back to the community in the form of credit. In distributing credit, there are internal bank factors such as bank health that must be considered, which can be seen from several ratios such as CAR, LDR, NPM, BOPO, ROA, and NPL. This study aims to examine the effect of banking health ratios on the distribution of working capital loans to MSMEs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The object of this research is banking which is included in the list of BUKU for the period 2019-2021. The research sample used was 15 banking companies. This type of research is explanatory research with quantitative research methods. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that during the study period the CAR variable, LDR had a significant positive effect and NPL had a significant negative effect on the distribution of working capital loans to MSMEs. Meanwhile, simultaneously, all variables have a significant effect on the distribution of working capital loans to MSMEs with a magnitude of effect of 0.994106 or 99.41%. Some banking ratios are still in a stable condition even though the economy is weakening due to the pandemic, this is a strategic step for the government and banks, one of which is to maintain the quality of lending.

Pengaruh Modal Pinjaman dan Volume Usaha Terhadap Sisa Hasil Usaha Dengan Total Aset Sebagai Variabel Intervening

This is study aims to analyze the effect of loan capital and business volume on the remaining results of operations (SHU) with total assets as the intervening variable at KPRI Family Teacher (KBG KOTA) Tulungagung District. This research approach uses quantitative methods. Quantitative research is systematic scientific research on parts and phenomena and their relationships. This type of research uses associative research, namely research conducted to determine the relationship between two or more variables. This study uses data on loan capital, business volume, remaining operating results (SHU), and total assets in the 2012-2021 period, where the data was obtained from KPRI using the documentation method and the interview method. In this interview technique there is a process of interaction, discussion and presentation. The analysis technique used is moderated regression analysis (MRA) and begins with several prerequisite tests, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test and others. The results show that loan capital has no significant effect on the remaining operating results (SHU) of cooperatives. Business volume has a significant effect on the Cooperative's Remaining Results of Operations (SHU). Then the total assets are able to strengthen the influence of loan capital and business volume on the Remaining Results of Operations (SHU) of the KBG KOTA cooperative, Tulungagung District

Mangosteen Agribusiness Partnership In PT. Radja Manggis Sejati, Padangan Village, Tabanan Regency

One of the agricultural sub-sectors that apply the mangosteen commodity partnership pattern in Bali is STA Sari Buah with PT Radja Manggis Sejati in Padangan Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. The development of partnerships can help farmers and business actors in increasing the growth of horticultural agribusiness, especially in the mangosteen commodity. The marketing partnership pattern for the mangosteen commodity is based on a written agreement, but the marketing contract is made between suppliers and farmer groups with exporter companies. Responsibilities of partner groups, namely: taking an inventory of group members and mangosteen trees, cultivating mangosteen properly, collecting mangosteen from farmers, sorting and grading with partner company officers, selling mangosteen to partner companies, and repaying capital loans by deducting from the proceeds of mangosteen sales. . The rights of partner group members are to obtain loans, to be able to supply mangosteen to partner companies, to obtain prices according to the prevailing market prices, to receive payments by bank transfer as soon as the goods are received by the partner companies, and to receive a fee for each kilogram of mangosteen deposited.

CAPITAL ANALYSIS ON SHARIA EMPLOYEE COOPERATIVES PT. PUPUK ISKANDAR MUDA (PIM)

As one of the business fields, cooperatives require funds to be used to run their business. In general, cooperatives are faced with the problem of increasing working capital needs to develop their business, on the other hand, the available working capital is very limited. Therefore, every cooperative is required to collect working capital from both members and non-members. In law number 25 of 1992, it is stated that sources of cooperative capital consist of own capital and loan capital. Own capital can be in the form of: principal savings, compulsory savings, reserve funds and grants. Based on Law number 25 of 1992 concerning cooperatives, in article 1 it is explained, cooperatives are business entities consisting of persons or cooperative legal entities based on their activities based on cooperative principles, as well as a people''s economic movement based on the principle of kinship. Whereas Sharia Cooperatives are business activities engaged in the field of savings and loans or services, financing and investment based on a profit sharing system (sharia).The PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda Sharia Employee Cooperative (Kopkarsyah PT PIM) was established by employees of PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda based on deed Number 1749/BH/XII/1985 dated January 11, 1985. The Articles of Association of Kopdar PT PIM have been approved by the Minister of Cooperatives and Small Entrepreneur Development of the Republic Indonesia by Decision Letter Number: 109/BH/PAD/KWK, 1/11/1997 dated March 29, 1997, then amended by the deed of Statement of Decision on Meeting Amendment to the Articles of Association Number 02 dated March 6, 2018 at Notary Nila Rufaida, SH., and has ratified by the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 000897/PAD/M.KUKM.2 /1/2019 dated January 21 2019. Based on the results of research on capital in the PT.PIM Syariah Employee Cooperative, it can be concluded that capital in KOPKARSYAH PT.PIM is obtained from members'' savings and borrowed back by these members. In managing capital, Kopkarsyah PT.PIM uses the sharia system so that the problems encountered regarding capital are very minimal. The scope of the cooperative environment is very limited, because this cooperative is only intended for employees who work within the scope of PT.PIM.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN KREDIT MODAL KERJA TERHADAP USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN EKSISTENSI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN (Studi Bank BPR Jatim Kantor Cabang Mojokerto)

This research discusses factors influencing the effectiveness of working capital loan distribution on micro and small businesses and the existence of Bank BPR Jatim of Mojokerto branch office as one of financial institutions in Indonesia. This study uses causal relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Here two models are used. The first model is for the effectiveness of the bank in distributing working capital loan, and the second model is for the bank’s existence. The first model results in that the distribution of working capital loan by the bank influences the revenue of micro and small businesses, while assistance provided by the bank and economic condition do not influence the businesses revenue. The second model indicates that the institution’s capacity and public demand influence the bank’s existence, while regulation does not influence it. The findings can be used in designing policies and strategies to improve the development of Bank BPR Jatim of Mojokerto branch office in particular and the improvement of Indonesian financial institutions in general, through which the institutions can have the capability to maintain their existence sustainably and widely and can empower business owners especially in micro and medium sector.

Conditional Capital Practice in Empagae Village, Wattang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency (Islamic Economic Law Perspective)

The practice of conditional capital that occurs in Empagae Village is an economic activity that involves two parties, namely: the lender and the borrower. This conditional capital loan started from a borrower who needed capital to purchase seeds and farm fertilizers, who then borrowed a sum of money by offering conditions for the loan that had been given, namely "if the borrower lends one million, he will give one pikul of rice as long as the loan has not been paid. returned". The purpose of this study is to analyze the conditional capital system that occurs in Empagae Village from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law. The research method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. In collecting data, the methods of field observation, interviews, and documentation were used. The results of this study indicate that 1) The form of conditional capital practice in Empagae Village has two parties, Wa'Tati as the borrower makes a loan by providing conditions in the form of giving one pikul of rice for each loan with a value of one million he does. The existence of additions in debts according to Islamic economic law is not allowed if there is an addition that exceeds the principal loan or the addition is a condition of the loan. 2) Judging from the number of additions in this conditional lending practice, it can contain an additional element or usury, due to the benefits that are almost equivalent to the amount of the loan that has been borrowed, of course this is not in accordance with Islamic law.

Penerapan Metode Vikor untuk Menentukan Pemberian Dana Mekaar Plus pada PNM Kota Binjai

&#x0D; PT Permodalan Nasional Madani or PNM, is here as a solution to improve welfare through access to capital, assistance and capacity building programs for business actors. Along with business development, in 2016, PNM launched a capital loan service for underprivileged women who are ultra micro business actors through the Fostering a Prosperous Family Economy (PNM Mekaar) program. For this reason, PNM must be more careful and considerate in determining the provision of Mekaar Plus loans. In order not to make mistakes and cause disappointment in the future. So it is necessary to build a system that can be used as a determining and alternative system in determining how to provide Mekaar Plus funds by using a decision support system. This system will be able to make decisions quickly and precisely according to predetermined criteria. So that in the process of giving the blooming funds it can be done more effectively and can reduce the occurrence of errors in the decision-making process. There are many methods used in the decision-making process. One of the methods used in this research is the Vise Kriterijumska Optimizajica I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method.&#x0D; Keywords: Decision Support System, PNM, Mekaar, VIKOR

Analisa Kelayakan Investasi Kapal Katamaran Tipe Axe Bow Untuk Wisata Pulau Beting Aceh (Rupat)

The AX BOW type catamaran is a ship that is used specifically for recreational purposes between Beting Aceh Island, which has two hulls or catamarans. This design aims to obtain data on ax bow type catamaran tourism boats that are suitable for the Aceh shoal island. This design is intended to see a good performance of resistance, stability, weight, and cost calculations. In this study, the authors analyzed the investment feasibility of the AX Bow catamaran, the main size of the ship, L = 12.20 m, B = 4.089 m, H = 1.48 m, T = 0.62 m, then the process of designing a landing craft boat using Maxurft Modeler Advance. The results of the investment feasibility analysis are declared feasible because the Net Present Value is 0.11% and Profitability Index &gt; 0.11 with a break even point in 3 years of operation and an interest rate of 12% per year on capital loans.&#x0D; Keysword: AXE Bow, investment, tourism, Beting Aceh

Arsitektur Strategi Bisnis Dokumentasi Pernikahan Pada Iphotobride Wedding

This study aimed to formulate a wedding documentation business strategy that can be applied to Iphotobride companies. Respondents in this study consisted of 8 consumer respondents who were selected using purposive sampling, 5 internal companies and 3 company partners from 2019 to 2021. This type of research used descriptive qualitative methods with analysis of Business Development Strategies using IFE, EFE, IE matrix, SWOT and QSPM. The results showed that Iphotobride had an IFE score of 3,130 and an EFE score of 2,413. In the IE matrix mapping, Iphotobride is in the Grow and Build position. The strategies that can be carried out by Iphotobride are backward, forward, horizontal integration, market penetration, market development, and product development. The alternative strategies obtained are influencer endorsement (collaboration with influencers), increase management ability to collaborate with some wedding vendors, product differentiation and services with competitors, injection of capital loans by Investors/Banks. The suggested priority strategy is to improve management's ability to collaborate with some wedding vendors and differentiate service products with competitors. Strategic architecture that Iphotobride might implement or run to become a competency in the future is to make an all in wedding service package, or "gift voucher" for potential consumers who use Iphotobride's services on their wedding day. Keywords: architecture strategy, EFE matrix, IFE matrix, SWOT, QSPM

ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS OF MSMEs TO DRIVE MSMEs IN BOGOR CITY TO RISE DURING POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC

It was recorded that there were 65,000 MSMEs in the city of Bogor which were registered in the MSME Service Office data, which experienced a significant decline in sales during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of accounting for MSMEs is to assist in financial control, operations, reporting, and planning. This study aims to determine the business conditions of MSME actors during the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; The results of the study revealed that the business conditions of MSME actors in the city of Bogor during the Covid-19 pandemic experienced a decline in sales turnover, some even had to terminate their employment. The role of MSME financial accounting standards during the COVID-19 pandemic has not helped much, only to facilitate administration in obtaining government stimulus assistance and tax incentives, to assist in obtaining government capital loans and other financial institutions, and assisting in making business decisions during the pandemic and post-pandemic. pandemic.

External Debt Management in the System of Financial Security of the State

The article is devoted to the study of the state of the state debt and the state of Ukraine’s debt policy. The relevance of this topic is that during the previous years, the public debt of Ukraine, both external and internal, was constantly growing, creating threats to the country’s debt security and financial stability. Over the last decade, the problem of the growth of Ukraine’s foreign debt continues to worsen. Attracting loan capital is caused by the need to replenish currency reserves in order to increase the resources of the country’s economic development and ensure the stability of the national currency. The purpose of the study is a theoretical generalization of the prerequisites and features of the formation of the national debt of Ukraine and the justification of the policy of management and service of the external debt, which will contribute to ensuring the financial security and economic development of the country. In accordance with the set goal, the work is supposed to solve a number of problems, the main of which are: clarifying the impact of foreign debt on the financial security of the state; clarification of the relationship between the financial and economic development of the state and the state debt; assessment of the state debt of Ukraine and the state of its financial security; development of proposals for improving the management and servicing of public debt in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following scientific methods were used in the scientific research: analysis and generalization - to study the current state of debt security in Ukraine; comparison and compilation - for the analysis of world and national experience in calculating the system of indicators of financial security; grouping – for clustering of relevant indicators of the impact of debt on financial security; statistical analysis – to study the dynamics of debt security indicators and calculate an integral index based on them. These methods make it possible to single out the challenges and prospects of the Ukrainian economy on the way to achieving the optimal level of the country’s foreign debt. The structure of the state debt of Ukraine and its optimal limits have been determined. An analysis of the current state and main trends of the state debt of Ukraine was carried out. In particular, the trends of its share in GDP were determined, a thorough structural analysis of the national debt of Ukraine was carried out for the period from 01.01.2013 to 01.01.2022, and an assessment of budget costs for servicing and repayment of the national debt of Ukraine was carried out. An analysis of the state and structure of the state debt of Ukraine makes it possible to identify trends in its volume growth. During the analyzed period, the size of the national debt of Ukraine changed rapidly, which is determined by general factors of economic development. The authors found that in the structure of the state debt, there is a clear tendency towards the predominance of external debt over internal debt. The main causes of the state debt are the state budget deficit and significant amounts of internal and external borrowing. Further growth of the national debt of Ukraine is very dangerous and may lead to the loss of economic independence, the withdrawal of funds from the financial market that could be used for the development of the real sector of the economy, a decrease in competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets, and a decline in the standard of living of the country’s population. But reaching the projected level threatens Ukraine with default. In order to avoid negative consequences, it is proposed to improve the mechanism of public debt management at the institutional level, to improve the legal framework, and also to increase the level of own gross domestic product by modernizing domestic enterprises.

Impact of Company Characteristics, Liquidity, and Good Corporate Governance on Tax Aggression

This study aims to determine the impact of company characteristics, liquidity, and good corporate governance on tax aggressiveness. As secondary data, annual report information from companies included in the LQ45 index and listed on the IDX between 2016 and 2020 is utilized. The sample size was fourteen companies. The study used regression analysis of panel data as a methodology. The results indicated that the liquidity variables partially influenced tax aggressiveness, whereas the company's characteristics and good corporate governance did not. The test results suggest that if the liquidity level is low, it will reduce the level of creditor trust and result in a decrease in the level of capital loans by creditors; therefore, the company will maintain its liquidity level so as not to engage in tax avoidance.