Capital IQ Research Articles

Valuation and Returns of Drug Development Companies: Lessons for Bioentrepreneurs and Investors

ObjectivesThis study evaluates the association of Biopharma company valuation with the lead drug’s development stage, orphan status, number of indications, and disease area. We also estimated annual returns Bioentrepreneurs and investors can expect from founding and investing in drug development ventures.MethodsSDC Thomson Reuter and S&P Capital IQ were screened for majority acquisitions of US and EU Biopharma companies developing new molecular entities for prescription use (SIC code: 2834). Acquisition data were complemented with drug characteristics extracted from clinicaltrials.gov, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and deal announcements. Thereafter, company valuations were combined with previously published clinical development periods alongside orphan-, indication-, and disease-specific success rates to estimate annual returns for investments in drug developing companies.ResultsBased on a sample of 311 Biopharma acquisitions from 2005 to 2020, companies developing orphan, multi-indication, and oncology drugs were valued significantly higher than their peers during later development stages (p < 0.05). We also estimated significantly higher returns for shareholders of companies with orphan relative to non-orphan-designated lead drugs from Phase 1 to FDA approval (46% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Drugs developed across multiple indications also provided higher returns than single-indication agents from Pre-Clinic to FDA approval (21% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Returns for oncology drugs exceeded other disease areas (26% vs. 8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsClinical and economic conditions surrounding orphan-designated drugs translate to a favorable financial risk-return profile for Bioentrepreneurs and investors. Bioentrepreneurs must be aware of the upside real option value their multi-indication drug could offer when negotiating acquisition or licensing agreements.

Do Earnings Quality and Audit Quality Add Value to Foreign Investors in Oman?

Using a sample of 726 firm year observations from 2008 to 2018, the purpos of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings quality (EQ), audit quality (AQ), and luring more international investors to Oman. Persistence and value relevance are two EQ metrics used in this study, while auditor size is used to assess audit quality (Big 4 audit firm). The data for this analysis was extracted from the Capital IQ database, while some additional data was personally computed from Omani capital markets and enterprises. The study employs a quantitative methodology, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is employed to examine the connections between EQ measurements, aptitude, and luring foreign investors. Results show that in Oman, perseverance, value relevance, and audit quality are beneficial. Furthermore, the data shows that combining earning persistence with AQ adds value and helps attract additional FI, but combining AQ with value relevance does not.

ANALISIS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DIMODERASI DENGAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN

Abstract - This study discusses to insight investors and companies on how to assess the company's prospects for the longterm in terms of section liquidity, profitability, leverage and dividend policy on firm value.. The financial ratios used in the study include Current Ratio, Return on Assets, and Debt to Equity Ratio. Firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q, and the moderating variable, namely Dividend Policy, is proxied by Dividend Payout Ratio. This research uses manufacturing companies that distribute positive dividends listed on the IDX during the 2017-2019 period and data obtained from S&amp;P Capital IQ. There are 58 companies sampled in the study. The results obtained are (a) CR has no significant effect on Tobin's Q because the significant value is 0.206, (b) ROA and DER have a significant effect on Tobin's Q because the significance value of ROA and DER is 0.000, (c) DPR can moderate the relationship between CR and Tobin's Q because the significant value of DPR*CUR is 0.001, (d) DPR cannot moderate the relationship between ROA and Tobin's Q because the significant value of DPR*ROA is 0.351, (e) DPR can moderate the relationship between DER and Tobin's Q because the significant value of DPR*DER is 0.006.&#x0D; Keywords: Current Ratio; Debt to Equity Ratio; Dividend Payout Ratio; Firm Value; Return on Asset,

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

This study examines the effect of the number of related party transactions (RPT) on earnings management through accruals and real earnings management in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The effect of RPT is seen from the entire amount of RPT recorded in the company's financial statements divided by the company's total assets (RPTOTAL). This study uses secondary data from the S&amp;P Capital IQ and company annual reports that the public can access on the IDX website. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. There were 732 observations from 164 manufacturing companies during the 2014-2018 period—data analysis using multiple regression with the fixed-effects model. The results showed that the amount of RPT has a significant positive effect on accrual earnings management. However, there is no effect of the RPT amount on real earnings management. RPT is a transaction carried out for expropriation of minority shareholders, and to cover RPT losses, management has an incentive to manipulate through earnings management. This study contributes to the effect of RPT on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. This study is a valuable starting point for similar research in other developing countries.

Trends in Private Equity Acquisition of Orthopaedic Surgery Practices in the United States.

Background:Independent orthopaedic practices in the United States have become attractive targets for acquisition by hospital systems and private equity (PE) firms because of the increasing demand for outpatient surgery. Consolidation in this market will have notable effects on the delivery and cost of orthopaedic services. In this study, we identified major trends in orthopaedic practice acquisitions over the past decade.Methods:A list of acquisition deals between 2010 and 2019 was compiled from four business databases: S&P Capital IQ, CB Insights, Thomson ONE, and Zephyr. Deals were categorized as PE-backed or not PE-backed. Headquarter locations of the buying and selling companies and transaction value were obtained for each deal when available.Results:A total of 68 deals were obtained of which 5 (7.4%) were PE-backed. The buyer and seller were located in the same state in 50 (73.5%) of the deals. Transaction values were available for only four deals ranging from $2.52 million to $35 million.Conclusion:Our results suggest that consolidation of orthopaedic practices from 2010 to 2019 was driven by large healthcare entities rather than PE firms. Furthermore, intrastate acquisitions were markedly more common than interstate acquisitions, possibly because of greater legal feasibility and ease of clinical integration.

Likuiditas, Profitabilitas dan Struktur Modal Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Variabel Moderasi CSR

Corporate value is the main goal of every company. This study examines the relationship of liquidity, profitability, and capital structure to firm value and uses Corporate Social Responsibility as a moderating variable. Liquidity was measured using the Current Ratio, profitability was measured using Return On Assets, capital structure was measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio, firm value was measured using Tobin’s Q and CSR using the G4 version of the CSR Global Reporting Initiative indicator. The observation data in this study were 240 data from non-primary consumer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2019. This study uses secondary data from S&amp;P Capital IQ and company financial statements. The results of this study indicate that liquidity has a positive direction but has no significant effect on firm value, profitability has a positive direction and has a significant effect on firm value, capital structure has a negative direction but has a significant effect on firm value, CSR as a moderating variable weakens the negative relationship between liquidity and firm value. firm value, CSR as a moderating variable weakens the positive relationship between profitability and firm value, and CSR as a moderating variable strengthens the positive relationship between capital structure and firm value

The effect of a new wave of COVID-19 on the stock market performance: Evidence from the twenty JSE listed companies in South Africa

The lockdown shocks resulting from the global pandemic of COVID-19 in March 2020 brought untold economic imbalance to the financial sector in South Africa. The government’s proactive alternative measure of control to the new wave of COVID-19 must be investigated to offer policy suggestions for future economic and financial planning. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of the new wave of COVID-19 on the financial market with a special interest in the twenty JSE listed companies in South Africa. To enhance the quality in the frequency of study, daily panel data from November 2020 to January 2021 were sourced from S&amp;amp;amp;P Capital IQ and Google online. The impact of COVID-19 was investigated alongside other variables that can influence the return of the stock markets on twenty JSE listed companies. The variables under investigation are daily exchange rate (dollar terms), dividend-adjusted share pricing, daily COVID-19 infection rate. Both robust descriptive and fixed effects time-variant analyses were adopted as the estimating techniques. The study provided empirical evidence that there is a direct but slow link between the daily incidence of infectious COVID-19 and returns on the stock market as key variables. This positive relationship indicates that both COVID-19 and financial activities could co-habit together to enhance greater return on the stock in South Africa. Hence, lockdown may not be most appropriate to the national economy of South Africa.

Institutional investors and the value of excess cash holdings: empirical evidence from Pakistan

PurposeThis study examines the effects of foreign and domestic institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings in the context of Pakistan where the institutional setting is broadly considered as non-friendly to outside shareholders due to family control.Design/methodology/approachA panel sample of 220 listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) was employed over the period 2007–2018. Data on institutional ownership are collected from the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) Capital IQ Public Ownership database, while the financial data are collected from Compustat Global. The study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with year and firm fixed effects as the main econometric specification. Moreover, the application of models with alternative measures, high-dimensional fixed effects and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression are also conducted for robustness.FindingsRobust evidence was found that unlike domestic institutional investors, which do not influence the value of excess cash holdings, foreign institutional investors positively affect the contribution of excess cash holdings to firm value. The positive effect on excess cash holdings' value is mainly driven by foreign institutions domiciled in countries with strong governance and high investor protection. Moreover, this effect is stronger in firms that are less likely to have financial constraints.Originality/valueThis study provides novel evidence on the effect of institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings in an emerging market like Pakistan. It also adds to the literature by revealing that the effect of different groups of institutional investors on the value of excess cash holdings is not homogenous.

Earnings Quality and Foreign Investors in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

This study aims to measure the earnings quality (EQ) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using a sample of 1827 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2016 by using nine EQ measures. These measures are persistence, predictability, value relevance, earnings response coefficient (ERC), smoothness, earnings surprise, accrual quality, loss recognition timeliness and conservatism. The study also examines the effect of these nine EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Data are collected from Capital IQ database, and some other data are calculated manually from the capital markets and firms in each country. In this quantitative research, the sample is analysed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and generalized least squares (GLS) regression to verify the hypotheses and analyse the effect of EQ measures on attracting foreign investors. Findings show distinct effects on attracting foreign investors in different countries. Persistence, predictability, ERC, and accrual quality have a positive effect in Oman, whereas value relevance and ERC have a positive effect in Kuwait. Predictability, accrual quality, ERC, and conservatism negatively affect the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Finally, loss recognition timeliness, smoothness, and earnings surprise do not have any effect in all GCC countries.

Financial Factors Affecting Price-to-Earnings Ratios in Canada

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to ascertain which financial factors affect the price-to-earnings ratios of Canadian firms.&#x0D; Methodology: A sample of 578 Canadian firms, across 11 industries, listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange during 2011 to 2018 is examined. Stock prices and financial statements accounts data is collected from S &amp; P Capital IQ. We compute 27 financial factors to use as independent variables to regress on the price-to-earnings ratio dependent variables employing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) utilizing the software program’s forced, forward, and backward selection methods. Robustness tests are conducted using alternative dates (after the fiscal year end) to discover which model of financial factors best explains the forward price-to-earnings ratio as well as other statistical methods such as analysis of variance.&#x0D; Results: We find a unique model for each of the 3 models based on the forward price-to-earnings ratio date. The financial factors that explain each of the dates after the end of the fiscal year (1 month, 2 months, and 3 months) are the 4 variables: net profit margin, return on investment, total asset turnover, and the natural logarithm of the total assets. For model 3 (1 month after fiscal year end), in addition to the previous 4 factors, the dividends per share is part of the regression equation. All 3 models have strong statistically significant results at an alpha level of one percent. Further, industry effects are deduced and presented.&#x0D; Unique contribution to theory, policy, and practice: The results are unique to a Canadian sample of firms post- International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption. Companies can utilize the empirical findings to manage their financial performance to maximize their price-to-earnings ratio. A product of a firm’s higher price-to-earnings ratio is a lower cost of capital which expands the corporation’s investment opportunities. Investors can apply this research to develop investment strategies hinged on price-to-earnings ratios to augment investment returns.

Egg production: conventional or cage-free?

Research methodology This case was primarily researched using academic research papers, industry reports (Egg Industry Center and others), and finance databases including Standard and Poor’s Capital IQ. Regarding the cost and investment budgets, the case relies mainly on an experiment conducted by the Coalition for Sustainable Egg Supply, updated by the authors of this case. Case overview/synopsis Eggs produced by cage-free birds, while more expensive than conventionally produced eggs, are gaining in popularity among consumers who want only eggs that are produced more humanely. A number of major distributors, including Whole Foods, McDonalds and Starbucks have pledged to sell only cage-free produced eggs by 2025. Several states including California, Oregon and Michigan have passed laws limiting conventional egg production. The case provides costs and industry information and needed to project free cash flows and risk-adjusted opportunity cost of capital and perform break-even capital budgeting analysis of the two egg production alternatives. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for graduate corporate finance courses. It is particularly appropriate for agribusiness finance courses. A preliminary exercise was used during the fall 2018 in a land grant university, just after the “Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals Act,” also known as Proposition 12, was passed in California in favor of cage-free egg production. The exercise was revised and used in the fall 2019 in the same class. This extended version of the case, was classroom tested in the fall 2020 in an agribusiness finance graduate class, with agricultural economics and business students enrolled.

Venture Capital Investment in Orthopaedics: Has the Landscape Changed over the Past Two Decades (2000-2019)?

Background. Innovations in orthopaedic technologies often require significant funding. Although an increasing trend has been observed for third-party investments in other medical fields, no study has examined the influence of venture capital (VC) funding in orthopaedics. Therefore, this study analyzed trends in VC investments related to the field of orthopaedic surgery, as well as the characteristics of recipients of these investments. Methods. Venture capital investments into orthopaedic-related businesses were reviewed from 2000 to 2019 using Capital IQ, a proprietary intelligence platform documenting financial investments. Metrics categorized were investments by year, investment amount, and subspecialty domain as per the American Academy Orthopaedic Surgeons website. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for both quantity and dollar amount of investments was calculated over the study period and the two decade-long periods (2000-2009 and 2010-2019). Results. Over two decades, 673 VC investments took place, involving a total of US$3.5 billion. Both the number and dollar value of investments were greater in the second decade (440, US$1.9 billion), compared to the first decade (233, US$1.6 billion). Both quantity and dollar amount of VC investments grew over the first decade, with a CAGR 9.53% and 4.97%, respectively. However, investment growth declined in the latter decade. The largest and most frequent investments took place within spine surgery and adult reconstruction. Conclusion. An initially rising trend in VC investment in orthopaedic-related businesses may have plateaued over the past decade. These findings may have important implications for continued investment into orthopaedic innovations and collaboration between the surgical community and private sector.

Do Family and Institutional Ownerships Influence the Corporate Dividend Policy?

The difference of interests among shareholders in the middle of ownership structure that is dominated by majority shareholders enlarges the possibility of deprivation towards the minority shareholders' rights. Therefore, a dividend is considered as a tool to reduce conflict of interests between both parties with the assurance of pro-rata distribution of the company's resources. Family and institutional ownerships have unique characteristics that are frequently found in Indonesian firms. Thus, this study intended to analyze the impact of majority ownership owned by family and institution to dividend policy in nonfinancial firms listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) during 2013-2017. The samples are chosen with the purposive sampling method resulting in 373 firms and 1.484 observations obtained. The data used in this study was secondary data from firms' annual and financial reports along with data extracted from Capital IQ. According to the regression results using the fixed-effect model, this study confirms the negative impact of majority ownership owned by families towards firms' dividend policy. Whilst, majority ownership owned by institutions shows that it has no significant impact on dividend policy. Otherwise, profitability, size, and leverages are proven to impact firms’ dividend policy. However, growth indicates no significant impact.

Business Roundup

BUSINESS Business Roundup ShareShare onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail C&EN, 2021, 99 (8), p 13March 8, 2021Cite this:C&EN 99, 8, 13AbstractChevron Phillips Chemical has named Bruce Chinn CEO, effective April 1. He replaces Mark Lashier, who is retiring. Chinn joins the joint venture from Chevron, one of its partners. Circa Group has raised about $68 million in an initial public offering of stock that values the company at about $235 million. Circa is building a facility in France for the biobased solvent levoglucosenone. Nyobolt , a University of Cambridge spin-off developing niobium-based anode materials for fast-charging batteries, has raised $10 million in series A funding. The venture capital firm IQ Capital and the university’s technology commercialization arm led the investment. Corbion is planning yet more capacity for lactic acid and derivatives. In addition to expanding its plant in the US and building a new plant in Thailand, the firm says it has identified ways to increase output at its facilities in the Netherlands, Brazil, Spain, and Thailand. FMC will provideView: PDF | Full Text HTML

Wall Street analysts as investor relations officers

This paper examines the practice of hiring financial analysts as investor relations officers (IRO). We posit that analysts-turned-IROs (AIROs) have a competitive advantage in communicating with investors, thereby lowering the effort expended by the investment community to process corporate disclosures. Using a unique manually-collected dataset on the employment history of IROs compiled from LinkedIn, Capital IQ, RelationshipScience.com, and appointment press releases, we show that disclosure readability in 8-K and 10-K filings improves and that companies are more likely to host analyst/investor days after hiring former analysts as IROs. Most importantly, we find increases in analyst following, institutional investors, and stock liquidity after hiring a former analyst as IRO. We conclude that both a disclosure and a network channel are at play in the relation between AIROs and increased interest from the investment community. Overall, our findings suggest that firms benefit from hiring Wall Street analysts as IROs.

Brazilian Companies’ Dividend Payout in a Political Uncertainty Scenario

The analysis of the determinants of the dividend payout policy becomes even more relevant in a context of crisis. In this scenario, companies wonder which strategy shall prevail—either to keep the payout ratio constancy to signal to the market positive aspects about themselves or to adapt it to the external conjuncture, protecting themselves from future uncertainties. This being so, this study aims at identifying the determinants of the dividend payout policy, in the period before and after the former President Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment, by using logarithmic and probabilistic regression models. To this end, a sample of Brazilian non-financial publicly-held companies is considered, whose data are obtained from the Capital IQ base. As a result, the corporate dividend policy is identified as not being affected by the market environment. Such a fact indicates that Brazilian companies choose to maintain their dividend payout policy, even in scenarios of political uncertainty. This study differs from the others for analyzing the relationship between dividend payout decisions, whether in times of stability or in political and economic crisis.

Meeting Dividend Thresholds Through Earnings Management of Listed Companies in South Africa

Dividend distribution influences corporate operating decisions, and the prior year’s dividends represent an earnings threshold. The purpose of this study was to clarify perceptions regarding the manipulation of income toward a desired earnings goal (i.e., dividend threshold). In this study, data from 2011 to 2019 were collected from the S&amp;P Capital IQ database. A regression model was adopted to analyze the manipulation of income toward a dividend threshold (i.e., desired earnings goal) among South Africa’s listed industry. Moreover, the behavior of managers of listed South African firms tended to meet or exceed dividend thresholds by manipulating earnings, which is consistent with signal theory, prospect theory and agency theory. Keywords: Dividend thresholds, Earnings management, South Africa, Signal theory, Prospect theory.

Data quality problems troubling business and financial researchers: A literature review and synthetic analysis

The data quality of commercial business and financial databases greatly affects research quality and reliability. The presence of data quality problems can not only distort research results, destroy a research effort but also seriously damage management decisions based upon such research. Although library literature rarely discusses data quality problems, business literature reports a wide range of data quality issues, many of which have been systematically tested with statistical methods. This article reviews a collection of the business literature that provides a critical analysis on the data quality of the most frequently used business and finance databases including the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP), Compustat, S&P Capital IQ, I/B/E/S, Datastream, Worldscope, Securities Data Company (SDC) Platinum, and Bureau van Dijk (BvD) Orbis and identifies 11 categories of common data quality problems, including missing values, data errors, discrepancies, biases, inconsistencies, static header data, standardization, changes in historic data, lack of transparency, reporting time issues and misuse of data. Finally, the article provides some practical advice for librarians to facilitate their scholarly communications with researchers on data quality problems.

What’s the big idea? Multi-function products, firm scope and firm boundaries

Abstract Products often bundle together many functions, e.g., smartphones. The firm develops the big idea (which functions to bundle) and then chooses one supplier per function. We assume there is a holdup problem and prove that the firm’s bargaining power (Shapley value) is declining in the number of suppliers. Greater scope as measured by the number of suppliers exacerbates holdup, but this can be partially offset by the appropriate choice of vertical integration or outsourcing. Our main result flows from the empirical observation that the number of functions varies across products within an industry (firm heterogeneity). We introduce the notion of an ‘ideas-oriented’ industry as one in which more productive firms have higher marginal returns to introducing a new function. This leads to two testable hypotheses. More productive firms will (1) have more suppliers and (2) be more likely to integrate those suppliers. We take this to the data by training a multilayer perceptron to predict whether or not each of 29 million PATSTAT patent applications involves new/improved functions. We merge these patents with S&P Capital IQ data on 55,000 companies and their supplier networks. We show that in industries where patents are skewed towards new or improved functions, more productive firms have more suppliers and are more likely to integrate these suppliers.

Testing “efficient supply chain propositions” using topological characterization of the global supply chain network

In this paper, we study the topological properties of the global supply chain network in terms of its degree distribution, clustering coefficient, degree-degree correlation, bow-tie structure, and community structure to test the efficient supply chain propositions proposed by E. J.S. Hearnshaw et al. The global supply chain data in the year 2017 are constructed by collecting various company data from the web site of Standard & Poor's Capital IQ platform. The in- and out-degree distributions are characterized by a power law of the form of γin = 2.42 and γout = 2.11. The clustering coefficient decays [Formula: see text] with an exponent βk = 0.46. The nodal degree-degree correlations 〈knn(k)〉 indicates the absence of assortativity. The bow-tie structure of giant weakly connected component (GWCC) reveals that the OUT component is the largest and consists 41.1% of all firms. The giant strong connected component (GSCC) is comprised of 16.4% of all firms. We observe that upstream or downstream firms are located a few steps away from the GSCC. Furthermore, we uncover the community structures of the network and characterize them according to their location and industry classification. We observe that the largest community consists of the consumer discretionary sector based mainly in the United States (US). These firms belong to the OUT component in the bow-tie structure of the global supply chain network. Finally, we confirm the validity of Hearnshaw et al.'s efficient supply chain propositions, namely Proposition S1 (short path length), Proposition S2 (power-law degree distribution), Proposition S3 (high clustering coefficient), Proposition S4 ("fit-gets-richer" growth mechanism), Proposition S5 (truncation of power-law degree distribution), and Proposition S7 (community structure with overlapping boundaries) regarding the global supply chain network. While the original propositions S1 just mentioned a short path length, we found the short path from the GSCC to IN and OUT by analyzing the bow-tie structure. Therefore, the short path length in the bow-tie structure is a conceptual addition to the original propositions of Hearnshaw.