Capital Construction Research Articles

Ani – Yerevan: The topic of succession on the canvases by Martiros Saryan

The exhibition at the Martiros Saryan House-Museum in Yerevan dedicated to the portraits of architects in the oeuvre of this artist prompted reflections on the personalities who laid the foundations for studying the Armenian architectural heritage, on the one hand, and the construction of a new Yerevan, on the other. The article analyzes the parallel drawn by Saryan between the construction of the medieval capital of Armenia, Ani, and the creation of the capital of Soviet Armenia during the renaissance of national culture. It also emphasizes the importance of the Ani architecture and the study of the heritage of Ani for the formation of both a new scientific school and a new style in the creativity of architects of the 20th century.

К вопросу об отнесении линейных объектов к объектам капитального строительства, недвижимого имущества, категории единого недвижимого комплекса

This article examines the classification of linear objects within the context of capital construction, real estate, and single real estate complexes. The study reviews relevant provisions of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as other federal laws and subordinate regulations. The explanations of authorized authorities, acts of judi-cial authorities, opinions of researchers of civil law science on the concept of linear objects and their inherent characteristics, belonging of linear objects to capital construction objects, real estate, the ratio of these con-cepts, belonging of linear objects to the category of a single immovable complex, things of auxiliary purpose, the specifics of linear objects in comparison are analyzed with other objects of civil rights in terms of restrictions on the interests of land rights holders, necessary for the placement, maintenance and repair of linear objects, the extension of the protected zone of linear objects with a special legal regime to a certain part of the land plots. Conflicts of law, controversial issues of judicial practice are revealed, the author’s definition of linear ob-jects is formulated, including their inherent features. The directions of the development of regulatory regulation, including in terms of the unification of terminology and proposals to consolidate the types of linear objects re-lated to real estate by the norms of special legislation, are determined.

Ship Hull Hybrid Structural Design Accounting for Reliability

The optimum ship hull design solution has always been a concern, and in recent years, genetic algorithms to optimise the ship hull structure have been developed. The genetic algorithm’s fundaments generate alternative solutions and compare them with pre-defined constants and objectives. The development of design solutions evolves through competition and controlled variations. Minimising the ship hull structure weight is essential in reducing the ship’s capital (construction) expenditure and increasing the cargo capacity. The risk of the ship is associated with the loss of the ship, cargo, human life, environmental pollution, etc. It is a governing factor impacted by the chosen structural design solution and the measures taken to reduce the structural weight. A genetic algorithm will be employed to study the weight minimisation of a multi-purpose ship hull structure, controlling the associated risk by accounting for several structural design variables. The risk and best design solution are defined by the probability of compressive collapse of the stiffened plates, integral ship hull structure, and the associated cost due to failure. The Pareto frontier solutions, calculated by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II, will be employed to determine feasible solutions for the design variables. The first-order reliability method will estimate the Beta reliability index based on the topology of the stiffened plates and ship hull structure as a part of the Pareto frontier solutions. The algorithm employed will not account for any manufacturing constraints and consequences due to the encountered optimal design solution.

Construction and Legalization of an Unauthorized Construction as Ways to Form Buildings, Structures

The paper analyzes such methods of formation of buildings, structures, as the construction and legalization of unauthorized construction. Construction as a way of forming buildings and structures is regulated by the norms of urban planning legislation. These norms establish three methods (procedures) of construction: permissive, under notification and simplified. The legal significance of the above classification of construction methods lies in the fact that each of them sets different requirements for the construction of buildings and structures as capital construction objects, and also defines its beginning and certifies completion in different ways. As the study showed, the permissive method is the only way of construction that obtained unambiguous legal regulation in the current urban planning legislation. The notification method of construction is similar to the permissive one, and the simplified method is an exception method that is established in relation to capital construction facilities of various levels of responsibility, as well as non–capital buildings and structures. It is proved that buildings and structures from the position of norms of urban planning legislation acquire the status of objects of completed construction not from the moment of obtaining permission for commissioning, as is commonly believed in the legal literature, but from the moment of the actual possibility of their operation in accordance with their functional purpose. This possibility can be verified in two ways: by obtaining a permit for commissioning or other document provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation; by starting the actual operation of the facility. The legalization of unauthorized construction is an exceptional way of forming objects such as buildings and structures that can be used under strict observance of certain conditions. Legalization of an unauthorized construction involves either the elimination of violations of the norms of urban planning and other legislation committed during construction, or the statement of the fact that such construction meets the established requirements. In both cases, the fact of the possibility of operating an unauthorized building in accordance with its functional purpose is confirmed in accordance with the established procedure.

Использование цифровых технологий в сфере капитального строительства и правовые вопросы

The article discusses topical issues of the introduction and use of digital technologies in the field of capital construction. It is shown that there is an objective need for capital construction participants to use digital technologies in their activities; secondly, the need for widespread use of digital technologies also forms the economic value of digital assets and digital rights. The rapid development of high technologies has inevitably led to the need for regulatory regulation of the digital economy, the transfer of the fund of regulatory and technical documentation in the field of capital construction to a digital format. The use of digital technologies, in particular smart contracts and blockchain technologies, will allow to develop and simplify the interaction of participants in the field of capital construction.

Information Modeling Implementation in PAO “Rosneft” as Challenge of Digitization in Construction Industry

Key goals of construction industry modernization and quality improvement are the introduction of information modeling which is an effective tool for increasing the enterprise competitiveness through the quality of design and construction, resource optimization and efficiency of interaction between process participants throughout the entire life cycle.The article presents information modeling (3D design) in PAO “Rosneft” with respect to the tasks of ensuring adaptation to design procedure in the company and the transition to full-scale 3D design. The choice of software is justified, real examples of completed pilot projects using information modeling are described, and information modeling implementation are presented. The experience in information modeling implementation helps companies to choose one or another software, and become familiar with the process at PAO “Rosneft”. As a result of the digital transformation of design processes, a model of the life cycle management system of capital construction project is developed, the basis of which is its information model. In addition, the main problems that require solutions for the successful information modeling implementation are identified, i.e., shortcomings of domestic software, shortage or absence of highly qualified personnel, unwillingness of customers to work with technical information, efficiency decrease of the organization due to the introduction of a new approach to project implementation into existing processes, resistance from employees, customers and contractors of construction, and installation works.The information modeling introduction in the PAO “Rosneft” allow to achieve goals for im[1]port substitution of technologies and prepare a worthy response to global geopolitical challenges.

KAJIAN YURIDIS ATAS PENGADAAN TANAH IBU KOTA NUSANTARA TERKAIT OBJEK TANAH ULAYAT MASYARAKAT ADAT DI PENAJAM PASER UTARA

The Government of Indonesia is currently undertaking the Nusantara Capital City project, which requires land acquisition for the construction of the new capital. This legal research aims to explore the proper procedures for land acquisition in the context of the Nusantara Capital City project, the legal protection for the indigenous communities of Penajam Paser Utara whose land is being used for the project, and the challenges encountered during the land acquisition process. The research employs a normative legal research method. The findings indicate that the land acquisition carried out by the government, specifically by the Nusantara Capital City Authority, complies with the requirements set by the applicable laws and regulations. However, despite this compliance, the legal protection for affected communities remains insufficient, and several challenges have been identified in the implementation of the land acquisition process. The conclusion is that while the procedures align with legal requirements, there is still a need for improved legal protection and resolution of the challenges faced during the land acquisition for the Nusantara Capital City project

Government social capital and bond credit ratings

Few studies have explored the impact of heterogeneous government investment on corporate bond ratings from the perspective of government social capital allocation. This paper examines the bond market's response to government social capital allocation, utilizing empirical data from the bond ratings of listed companies issued between 2008 and 2020. The analysis begins with a rational explanation, conceptual definition, and index construction of government social capital. The empirical research finds that government social capital allocation significantly enhances corporate credit ratings. Mechanism tests reveal that local governments provide “government support” signals through short-term and long-term borrowing, enabling firms to secure more long-term loans and reduce their default risk. These signals are captured by rating agencies, which then influence the rating outcomes. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the positive impact of government capital allocation on ratings is more pronounced during periods of corporate financial distress. Furthermore, foreign rating agencies are better able to capture signals of government social capital allocation, and their independence confirms that high ratings are not the result of rating inflation.

Особенности эксплуатации лесовозных дорог в весенне-зимний период

Seasonal roads are not capital construction objects. Unlike all-season ones, they can be of summer and winter action. During the transport development of forests, both allseason paved roads and temporary unpaved roads are required. The share of temporary roads is more than 90 % of all logging roads. One of the main problems of temporary logging roads is uneven seasonal operation, especially in summer. Seasonal roads do not have a permanent surface; more often it is natural soil, subject, except for mechanical impacts, to atmospheric ones, which is most evident in the summer-autumn period. Therefore, about 80 % of the harvested wood is exported via winter roads. The density of temporary roads depends on the general harvesting technology in a particular area, including the wood skidding distance and the angle of relative position of forest roads. Winter road construction works are carried out in summer and winter. In summer, engineering surveys are carried out, the optimal direction of the future route is determined, a clearing is cut, a roadbed is prepared, and if necessary, culverts are installed. With the onset of cold weather, the existing soil is compacted and leveled to accelerate its freezing. If the roadbed is sufficiently frozen, a snow-ice cover is formed. The article considers the influence of roadside forest plantations on the air temperature near the road surface, soil temperature, blocking solar radiation – the factors that are directly related to the overall service life of a winter road. Special attention is paid to slowing down the decrease in the winter road pavement strength in the shade of preserved trees by choosing the optimal route direction. The slowdown in the decrease in the pavement strength of the forest dirt road has been established and confirmed in areas where solar radiation is blocked by trees, i.e. in the shade. The difference in strength reduction to the minimum is 33 days. Based on the research results, it has been concluded that a comprehensive development of the logistics strategy for the organization of roundwood transportation via winter roads is necessary.

МЕТОДИКА ВЫБОРА РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ НА ЭТАПЕ ЗАВЕРШЕНИЯ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ЗДАНИЙ

The article discusses the main aspects of resource and energy conservation at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings. It is shown that the stage of completion of the life cycle is extremely important for buildings and other capital construction projects and requires a systematic approach to the choice of organizational and technological solutions for the liquidation or reconstruction of the building. The concept of the final stage of the life cycle of buildings has been clarified. The importance of making resource-saving organizational and technical decisions taken at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings is shown. Indicators have been developed for making appropriate organizational and technical decisions. The methodology of choosing organizational and technological solutions at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings, taking into account resource conservation, is presented. The methodology includes several stages, the results of which are a star-shaped infographic model of the values of organizational and technological solutions, which is created at the stage of completion of the life cycle of buildings. The methodology takes into account the indicators of resource and energy consumption for the implementation of various organizational and technological solutions. Calculation formulas for use in the infographic model are proposed: material consumption, labor costs of workers, financial costs labor costs of construction machines and mechanisms energy intensity of construction reconstruction. The proposed model is used to evaluate and select options for the feasibility of reorganizing buildings at the end of their life cycle, taking into account resource and energy conservation.

A-HERO: Integrating Authenticity into the Psychological Capital Model

Authenticity was proposed as a potential addition to the Psychological Capital construct several years ago, but the PsyCap model has not yet been expanded. We review the theoretical and empirical support for the inclusion of authenticity and test this proposal in two studies. Study 1 examines the structural model of A-HERO (Authenticity, Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, Optimism) as an extended representation of the PsyCap construct. Study 2 tests the extent to which A-HERO may explain well-being. CFA demonstrates that the addition of authenticity provides slight improvement in overall PsyCap model fit. Hierarchical regression shows that the addition of authenticity to the PsyCap model improves the explanation of well-being, with beta values of comparable size to optimism and greater than efficacy. We therefore recommend that authenticity be included in PsyCap to provide a more holistic understanding of personal resources and to enable the further identification of interactions and potential synergies amongst A-HERO components.

Relevance of the legal regulation of military infrastructure capital construction objects during of the initial period of the Great Patriotic war

The article attempts to summarize some aspects of the experience of legal regulation of capital construction of military infrastructure facilities, which was accumulated during the Great Patriotic War, especially during its most difficult, first period, when the initiative was in the hands of the aggressor, and the Soviet state faced the vital issue of rapid economic transition, including military-the construction complex — on the rails of functioning in conditions of a real military threat. The idea of the continuing relevance of this experience in the current situation of a real threat to the sovereignty of Russia is consistently carried out, proposals are formulated on the need, taking into account the specifics of the construction of the above-mentioned facilities, to codify the norms governing the capital construction of military defense infrastructure facilities in the Military Construction Code of the Russian Federation with the unity of command of the federal body in the field of defense — the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation at all stages capital construction of these facilities.

Rural spatial restructuring in suburbs under capital intervention: Spatial construction based on nature

Rapid urbanization and consumerization are leading to significant transformation and spatial restructuring in the rural areas of China's suburbs. Promoting the commodification of rural nature with capital has become an important strategy for rural spatial restructuring. However, the research on how capital reshapes rural space from the perspective of rural nature is still insufficient. Based on the theoretical perspective of nature commodification, this study constructs a framework to analyze the relationship between rural nature and rural spatial restructuring. Taking Nanping Meditation Town in Guangzhou as a typical case, it discusses the process and mechanism of rural spatial restructuring in suburbs relying on the commodification of rural nature with capital’s intervention. The results show that: (1) Driven by China’s process of counter-urbanization and consumerism, capital constructs rural nature in suburbs by giving meaning to it. Diversified capitals promote the multi-functionalization, networking, and commodification of material, social, and cultural spaces in the countryside through the process of redistribution of urban and rural resources. At the same time, along with the spatial games of pluralistic subjects, the material, social, and cultural spaces further interact with each other and constantly undergo reconstruction. (2) The commodification of rural nature is an external response and a crucial strategy of rural spatial restructuring. It offers a new approach to enhance the value of the countryside. Rural nature is commodified through resources integration and value excavation, product planning and design, brand promotion and marketing under the influence of various capital entities. This process holds significant theoretical and practical importance for the endogenous development and revitalization of rural areas.

Совершенствование бюджетного процесса в Российской Федерации в рамках осуществления казначейского сопровождения

In the article, the author presents problematic issues that arise in the budget process when implementing treasury support between customers and contractors during the design, construction (reconstruction) of capital construction projects within the framework of the execution of government contracts (agreements), ways to solve them and recommendations.

Implementation of Progressive Design-Build in Airport Capital Construction Projects

Alternative contracting methods (ACMs) have been increasingly used for airport capital construction projects to explore the opportunity for achieving better cost and time savings than traditional design-bid-build. Progressive design-build (PDB), an emerging variation of design-build, stands out as a promising delivery method that promotes collaboration between project stakeholders. Although PDB has been successfully used across building, water/wastewater, and transit construction sectors, its implementation in the aviation industry is still limited because of legislative considerations, regulatory policies, and funding constraints. A research gap exists in systematically investigating current practices in implementing PDB in airport projects. The main objective of this study is to explore the selection criteria, implementation strategies, success factors, and lessons learned from using PDB for airport capital construction projects. This study employed a triangulation research methodology, including a comprehensive review of PDB guidance and manuals, an industry survey of 39 airports across the U.S., and structured interviews with 12 airport representatives. This study found that the top four criteria for selecting PDB are: flexibility to handle complexity, reducing claims, industry input on constructability, and cost control. The main benefits of using PDB for airport construction projects include improving project schedules, enhancing design control levels, and better management of project complexity and risks. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing insights into the current PDB practices for airport capital projects. Lessons learned from implementing PDB can help airport authorities and owners better administer and manage their projects.

FACTOR ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE PROPERTY TAX REVENUE CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF CADASTRAL VALUE

The paper examines the revenue of corporate property tax, calculated on the basis of the cadastral value. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors affecting the amount of corporate property tax revenues in terms of those objects, with the cadastral value as a tax base for it. The relevance of the study is due to the ongoing transition to the calculation of property tax on the basis of the cadastral value. In terms of tax on property of individuals and land tax, such a transition has already been made, and forecasting the consequences of such a transition for corporate property tax is an extremely relevant task. The scientific novelty of the study is the proposed four-factor multiplicative model. Among the proposed factors are the effective property tax rate in the region, the total number of capital construction objects in the region, the share of objects in the regional list in the total volume of capital construction objects in the region and the average cadastral value of one object in the regional list. The main method of research is the logarithmic method of deterministic factor analysis. As a result, for 85 regions of the Russian Federation, the impact of each of the selected factors was quantitatively evaluated. An important result of the study should also be called a consolidated analysis of regional lists, which provide the objects, the tax base for which is the cadastral value, for the first time undertaken in national studies. The main conclusions of the study show that for most regions the leading factor is the share of objects in the regional lists. This suggests that the expansion of the lists and the increase in the share will have a positive effect on the dynamics of corporate property tax revenues, and for most regions this direction should become most promissing for increasing the revenues from this tax.

Анализ методов получения и обработки данных для формирования 3D-модели генерального плана объекта недвижимости

In the context of increased urbanization and limited land resources, the efficient vertical planning (including underground and airspace) of the territory, taking into account the existing edifices, as well as the design of new facilities to provide the population with the necessary housing (apartment blocks), is of key importance. Implementation of this tendency is impossible without description of the area with metric 3D models (information ones), which should also be reflected in the master plans of real estate objects (in the design of new buildings). The authors provide practical research on selecting optimal methods of getting information and processing it to form a 3D model of capital construction projects (using the example of an apartment block with protruding structures). For obtaining the data (x, y, H) on the position of the real estate object in space, it is proposed to use a combined or photogrammetric method (depending on the specific survey conditions). The authors also concluded the necessity of improving the legal framework regarding the data format for 3D modeling of real estate using domestic (RF) software

Methods of Work Organization on Complex Restoration Capital Construction Projects

Statement of the problem. During a special military operation in Ukraine, a lot of buildings were destroyed. Also, with a high degree of probability, the production facilities that generate construction materials could be destroyed. In this regard, it is necessary to create a methodology that will allow, even at the planning stage, to reduce production costs and avoid downtime during construction and setup work due to the rational allocation of work and resources over time. Results. The method of restoration is proposed, which allows combining the survey of buildings, analysis of survey results, followed by a point selection of measures for the restoration of objects (repair, reconstruction, restoration) and optimization of the calendar plan by using matrices of combination coefficients, taking into account the fact of limited material resources in the places of restoration. Conclusions. The proposed methodology enables one to take into account all the limiting factors that arise in the process of construction, repair or reconstruction.

Assessment of the need for modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of capital construction facility operation

Assessment of the need for modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of capital construction facility operation

Connection fee as a factor to ensure financial affordability of utility services for consumers

Utilities as a type of mixed public good have the characteristic of non-rivalry, that is, they must be available to the entire population without exception and all households must be able to pay for them. As a rule, such financial inclusion is achieved by providing targeted assistance to low-income families. For example, in Russia this problem is solved by a program of subsidies for housing and communal services. In various countries, other mechanisms are also used: the provision of social housing, budget subsidies for producers, price discrimination. This paper analyzes another way to reduce the financial burden for consumers of utility services, which has been used in most developed countries. It consists of shifting part of the costs of developing engineering infrastructure to future consumers through connection fees (technological connection) for capital construction projects. From the perspective of pricing theory, it is shown that connection fees can reduce the average costs of a utility company passed on to consumers of services; it is graphically illustrated how connection fees increase the financial affordability of utility services for consumers and reduce budget costs for subsidizing the payment of housing and communal services for households with low incomes.