Area Of Capital City Research Articles

Management Planning Water Resources in Balikpapan City, Indonesia in East Kutai Regency, Indonesia: A Case Study

This study aims to investigate the role of water resource management in Balikpapan City, Indonesia, focusing on how the city government implements sustainable development and water governance practices. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, this research examines Balikpapan’s strategies for addressing water challenges amid climate change, population growth, and its role within the Indonesian Capital City (Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN) area. Findings reveal that Balikpapan’s regional development plan has adopted a sustainable approach, emphasizing prevention and mitigation efforts to secure long-term water resources. In addition to constructing new infrastructure, Balikpapan is exploring collaboration with neighboring administrative areas to ensure a reliable water supply in the future. Nonetheless, there is a need for stronger partnerships with the private sector, especially to support technological innovations that, while potentially costly, could enhance water management. Public participation is also essential to prevent social conflicts and to ensure that development progresses fairly and inclusively. By engaging diverse stakeholders—including the government, private sector, and community—in planning and implementation, Balikpapan and IKN Nusantara can work towards sustainable development goals that prioritize environmental responsibility and meet the needs of all communities. This collaborative approach can foster sustainable, equitable solutions that align with global goals, supporting a resilient and water-secure future for Balikpapan and its surrounding areas.

Identification of Forest City Multi-Policy Using the MULTIPOL: A Study In The New Indonesian Capital, East Kalimantan

The policy-planned development in the new Indonesia Capital City (IKN) area must be accompanied by good planning to ensure the continued availability of forestry ecosystem services, especially forestry areas. These ecosystem services are strongly influenced by their ecological functions. Humans depend on essential ecosystem services to satisfy their inherent needs and enhance or preserve their quality of life. Natural resources are being overused to satisfy these demands, endangering biodiversity and putting more strain on ecosystems. Therefore, a multi-policy approach describes and visualizes the relationships between multi-aspect policies that provide and benefit from forestry ecosystem services. The method used in compiling this paper is multi-policy, part of the prospective analysis method. This method will map and create a model, the best policy scenario that can be applied to achieve the goal of a forest city in the new nation's capital. The results show that the presidential regulation implementation scenario is the best policy choice for the forest city model in the new state capital.

Clustering of Basic Educational Resources and Urban Resilience Development in the Central Region of China—An Empirical Study Based on POI Data

This paper presents an urban resilience evaluation index system and evaluation on the clustering of educational resources based on the data of 80 prefecture-level cities in China’s central region in 2012, 2016, and 2020. The results reveal a rising trend of urban resilience in the central region of China, with the provincial capital cities exhibiting the highest levels of resilience. Educational resources are clustered in urban areas of provincial capital cities and other prefectural-level cities. Furthermore, clustering of educational resources has a significant impact on urban resilience. Policy factors play a significant role in moderating the relationship between educational resource clustering and urban resilience in large cities; however, this moderating role is not significant in small cities. These findings have significant implications for the optimal allocation of educational resources, promotion of urban resilience, and advancement of social equity.

Sources, Distribution, and Health Implications of Heavy Metals in Street Dust across Industrial, Capital City, and Peri-Urban Areas of Bangladesh

Heavy metals in road dusts can directly pose significant health risks through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. This study investigated the pollution, distribution, and health effect of heavy metals in street dust from industrial, capital city, and peri-urban areas of Bangladesh. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) examined eight hazardous heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Co. Results revealed that industrial areas showed the highest metal concentrations, following the order Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Co > Cd, with an average level of 444.35, 299.25, 238.31, 54.22, 52.78, 45.66, and 2.73 mg/kg, respectively, for fine particles (≤20 μm). Conversely, multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to assess pollution levels and sources. Anthropogenic activities like traffic emissions, construction, and industrial processing were the main pollution sources. A pollution load index revealed that industrial areas had significantly higher pollution (PLI of 2.45), while the capital city and peri-urban areas experienced moderate pollution (PLI of 1.54 and 1.59). Hazard index values were below the safety level of 1, but health risk evaluations revealed increased non-carcinogenic risks for children, especially from Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb where Cr poses the highest cancer risk via inhalation, with values reaching 1.13 × 10−4–5.96 × 10−4 falling within the threshold level (10−4 to 10−6). These results underline the need for continuous environmental monitoring and pollution control in order to lower health hazards.

Evaluating the meat market integration in the capital city and rural areas

Evaluating the meat market integration in the capital city and rural areas

Activating teenagers’ learning in geography using virtual reality: student enquiry of local school environment in Iceland

The purpose of this research is to develop the use of Virtual Reality (VR) and fieldwork with teenagers in two compulsory schools in the capital city area of Iceland. The study aims to understand how teenagers succeed in an enquiry driven work combining simple digital tools, such as mobile phones, when making 360° photos, analysing opportunities and challenges in their local school environment. The student task was structurally integrated curriculum work that stimulates both cognitive and affective development emphasising the role of the student was to construct the knowledge of own place and the role of the teacher being a facilitator or the coach of the learning process students experience. Research data consists of student presentations of their selected sites in their local school environment, teachers’ notes during the execution phase of the project, including a reflection class with students, researcher notes from meetings with the teachers, and student on-line survey answered by individuals in both schools. Findings indicate that explicit attention to the learning goals of the task including the use of VR, and regular training of doing local fieldwork, are needed. These two seem necessary approaches in future training for students if they are to effectively navigate, contribute to and participate in using VR as a potentially transformative educational tool.

The Institutional Construction of Jakarta Special Region

After the State Capital City Law relocated Indonesia's capital to the Nusantara region in East Kalimantan, Jakarta's status changed to that of a special region. This change was ratified with the approval of the Special Region Provincial Law for Jakarta during the Plenary Session of the People's Representative Council on March 28, 2024. Jakarta's unique efforts to become a progressive and sustainable global city necessitate coordination and integration with neighbouring areas, including those within the Jakarta Agglomeration Zone. This study utilises a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis methodology, gathering data through documentary research involving document collection and analysis. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, display, discussion, and conclusion drawing, with data validity assessed through triangulation. The research aims to recognise the necessity for new institutions to manage Jakarta as a special region and ensure their support for Jakarta's transformation into a globally significant national economic hub, including its surrounding areas. The research findings emphasise the importance of these new institutions, as the capital city area and its supporting regions are no longer considered manageable separately, exacerbated by regulatory differences between central and regional levels.

In-person versus electronic screening for social risks among carers of pediatric inpatients: A mixed methods randomized trial

We aimed to compare disclosure of social risks according to self-report on an iPad versus face-to-face questions from a health professional and to explore carers’ experiences of screening. This two-arm, parallel group, randomized trial was conducted from January 19, 2021, to December 17, 2021, in a public hospital pediatric ward serving a disadvantaged area of an Australian capital city. Carers of children aged ≤ 5 years admitted to the Children’s Ward were eligible. The primary outcome was disclosure of social risks. The screener included nine items on food security, household utilities, transport, employment, personal and neighborhood safety, social support, housing and homelessness. Disclosure of social risks was similar between the self-completion (n = 193) and assisted-completion (n = 193) groups for all 9 items, ranging 4.1% higher for worrying about money for food (95% CI − 11.4, 3.1%) among the assisted-completion group, to 5.7% (−1.6, 13.0%) higher for unemployment among the self-completion group. In qualitative interviews, participants were positive about screening for social risks in the hospital ward setting and the majority indicated a preference for self-completion. Conclusion: Differences in the disclosure of social risks according to self- versus assisted-completion were small, suggesting that either method could be used. Most carers expressed a preference for self- completion, which is therefore recommended as the ideal mode for such data collection for Australian pediatric inpatient settings. Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctry.org.au; #ACTRN12620001326987; date of registration 8 December 2020).What is Known:• Most evidence on screening of social risks in pediatric inpatient settings is from the USA.• Little is known about disclosure of social risks in countries with universal health care and social welfare.What is New:• Disclosure of social risks was similar for electronic compared with face-to-face screening.• Carers preferred electronic completion over face-to-face completion.

Driving forward together: The common intention of Indonesians in different residential areas to use autonomous vehicles

Despite the significant benefits of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for global transportation, Indonesia's diverse geographical landscape encounter unique adoption challenges due to infrastructural shortcomings and economic limitations. This study explores the adoption of AVs in Indonesia, considering its potential market and crucial role in AV and Electric Vehicle supply chains. Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we assessed AV acceptance across Indonesia's Metropolitan Cities, frontier regions (“3T”), and the New National Capital City (IKN) areas. Using a cross-sectional study design, we distributed an online questionnaire, focusing on demographics, perceived safety, transport mode changes, and behavioral intention towards AVs, based on TAM and UTAUT factors. From 1,255 valid responses, we found significant influences of gender (t (1253) = 4.22), safety perceptions (F (2,1252) = 52.373), and transport mode frequency (F (4, 1250) = 6.662) on AVs adoption intentions. Both TAM and UTAUT models were moderately effective in explaining willingness to use AVs (R2 = 34% and 48%, respectively). TAM highlighted perceived usefulness (β = 0.421) and ease of use (β = 0.540), while UTAUT emphasized effort expectancy (β = 0.317) and social influence (β = 0.240). However, the findings from the multigroup analysis did not corroborate the role of residential areas in determining the intention to use AVs. These findings offer crucial insights for developing AV promotion strategies, creating user-friendly designs, and formulating supportive policies for AV adoption in diverse Indonesian regions.

Konsep “kampung pinisi-nusantara” sebagai upaya pengembangan ¬ethno-maritime tourism Sulawesi Selatan-IKN yang inklusif dan terkoneksi

Based on Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the National Capital City, the new National Capital City (NCC) area was designated on January 18, 2022, named Nusantara. The relocation of the National Capital aims to distribute development to the Eastern part of Indonesia and establish Indonesia as a smart, green, and beautiful city center. Bulukumba Regency in South Sulawesi has unique maritime tourism potential, with its natural beauty and the tradition of building Pinisi ships being particularly attractive. By developing tourism based on local wisdom values in Bulukumba, it can support the goal of relocating the National Capital. This paper is prepared as an alternative recommendation in efforts to connect the NCC with South Sulawesi in terms of development and development. Literature study and SWOT analysis methods are applied to generate a concept that is not only theoretical but also practically implementable. So far, research on existing recommendations for maritime tourism concepts has been partial and not interconnected between different regions. Based on this, the author proposes the concept of "Kampung Pinisi-Nusantara" as an effort to develop inclusive and interconnected ethno-maritime tourism between the NCC and South Sulawesi.

Statistical modelling under differential privacy constraints: a case study in fine-scale geographical analysis with Australian Bureau of Statistics TableBuilder data

ABSTRACT Consistent with the principles of differential privacy protection, the Australian Bureau of Statistics artificially perturbs all count data from the Australian Census prior to its release to researchers through the TableBuilder platform. This perturbation involves the addition of random noise to every non-zero cell count followed by the suppression of small values to zero. A consequent problem encountered by researchers working with geographical TableBuilder outputs is that the aggregate sums of cell counts over fine-scale units are often much lower than the direct query totals of their coarser enclosing units. Hierarchical Bayesian modelling is here proposed as a powerful methodology for achieving consistent multi-scale statistical reconstructions suitable for downstream spatial modelling. The utility of this framework is demonstrated for the toy problem of reconstructing Multiple Family Household counts by Mesh Block in the Perth Greater Capital City area.

Convergence of Stunting and Diarrhoea among Children in Peri-Urban Lusaka: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Predictors

Background: In Zambia, stunting and diarrhoea—largely avoidable conditions—are significant contributors to death in children under five years of age. Large-scale studies commonly compare these variables between urban and rural settings, although they frequently neglect to consider the substantial socio-economic differences present within urban populations. This study sought to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of stunting and diarrhoea in peri-urban regions of Lusaka. Method: A cross-sectional study approach was utilized, focusing on 239 homes in Lusaka East, a peri-urban area of Zambia's capital city. The research concentrated on homes with a minimum of one kid between the ages of 6 and 23 months. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires distributed to guardians, documenting socio-demographic variables and sanitation practices. Children's anthropometric measures were standardized utilizing height-for-age z-scores (HAZ). The research employed bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate factors associated with malnutrition and diarrhoea. Results: The study included 232 children, with 53.8% (n=125) identified as female and 46.2% (n=107) as male. The median age of the children was 13 months (IQR ±8), whereas the median age of their guardians was 26 years (IQR ±9.5). The prevalence of stunting and diarrhoea was 24.1% (95% CI: 18.7–30.2%) and 19.4% (95% CI: 14.5–25.1%), respectively, with the highest rates observed in children aged 12 to 23 months. Significant predictors of stunting were identified as child gender (aOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.89), sanitation type (aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.08–4.52), and the marital status of the guardian (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01–2.88). In children with diarrhoea, gender (aOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.89) and the guardian's marital status (aOR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.14–6.89) were identified as significant predictors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study identified a significant prevalence of stunting, alongside a high incidence of diarrhoea in stunted children, potentially elevating the risk of childhood mortality. This highlights the necessity of strengthening primary healthcare services and improving community health education, with an emphasis on the early detection of stunting and the prevention of diarrhoea, especially in economically disadvantaged peri-urban areas in Zambia.

Vaccination coverage, hesitancy and associated factors: a household survey of a cohort of children born in 2017 and 2018 in urban areas of state capital cities in the Brazilian Northeast

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a cobertura vacinal e analisar fatores sociodemográficos associados à não vacinação em crianças nascidas vivas em 2017 e 2018 nas capitais do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos Realizou-se inquérito domiciliar com amostragem por conglomerados, entre 2020 e 2022, para estimar cobertura e hesitação vacinal. Fatores associados à não vacinação foram analisados usando-se regressão logística para calcular odds ratio (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Resultados A capital com menores coberturas vacinais foi Natal, com < 75,0% para a maioria dos imunizantes; Teresina apresentou coberturas ≥ 90,0% em todos os imunizantes. Dos entrevistados, 99,1% (IC95% 98,9;99,3) acreditavam que vacinas são importantes para a saúde; 95,4% (IC95% 95,0;95,8) confiavam nos imunobiológicos distribuídos pelo governo; e 79,6% (IC95% 78,8;80,3) não tinham medo de reações adversas. Residir em estrato socioeconômico mais alto (OR ajustado: 1,34 – IC95% 1,20;1,50) foi fator associado à não vacinação. Conclusão As baixas coberturas destacam a necessidade de entender melhor as especificidades regionais e as desigualdades sociais.

The Potential of Rice Field Development as a Hinterland for The New Capital City

Rice fields in North Penajam Paser Regency continue to experience conversion. The plan to move the capital city to North Penajam Paser Regency can lead to an expansion of paddy field conversion. Babulu Subdistrict is a sub-district in North Penajam Paser Regency that has the largest area of rice fields, so it has considerable potential for providing food for the new capital city. In order to forecast rice fields in 2031 using cellular automata-markov chain modeling and to examine the potential of rice fields in the hinterland area of the future capital city, this study will look at changes in land use from 2009 to 2020. Land use changes were interpreted using 2009 Landsat 5 TM and 2014 and 2020 Maxar Technologies imagery. The driving factors used in this research are distance from road, distance from settlement, distance from river, slope, and elevation. The findings revealed that the number of rice fields in the Babulu Subdistrict raised in 2014 and declined in 2020. The rice fields’ transformations took place in places with easy access and level terrain. Rice fields are predicted to decline in 2031 because they have turned into oil palm plantations. Priority III dominates the potential for rice fields in Babulu Subdistrict with regard to the suitability of land development directives. Meanwhile, Priority I has the smallest area and is in the lowlands, which tend to be flat, far from roads, close to rivers, and immediate to irrigation networks.

Vaccination coverage, hesitancy and associated factors: a household survey of a cohort of children born in 2017 and 2018 in urban areas of state capital cities in the Brazilian Northeast.

To estimate vaccination coverage and analyze sociodemographic factors associated with non-vaccination in children born in 2017 and 2018 in the state capitals of Northeast Brazil. A household survey using cluster sampling was conducted from 2020-2022 to estimate vaccination coverage and hesitancy. Factors associated with non-vaccination were analyzed using logistic regression to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and their Confidence Intervals (95%CI). Natal was the capital with the lowest vaccination coverage, below 75.0% for most immunizers. Teresina had rates equal to or greater than 90.0% for all vaccines. Among those interviewed, 99.1% (95%CI 98.9;99.3) believe that vaccines are important for health; 95.4% (95%CI 95.0;95.8) trust immunobiologicals and 79.6% (95%CI% 78.8;80.3) are not afraid of reactions. Belonging to the highest socioeconomic stratum (adjusted OR: 1.34 - 95%CI 1.20;1.50) was as a factor associated with non-vaccination. Low coverage highlights the need for a better understanding of regional specificities and social inequalities.

Heath forest identification using remote sensing in the surrounding area of the new capital city of Indonesia

The construction of Indonesia’s new capital city, Nusantara, is envisioned as a forest city that heavily relies on biodiversity. One of the forest ecosystem types surrounding the Nusantara landscape is the heath forest ecosystem, also known as Kerangas. Heath forest is a rare and extreme habitat, thriving in nutrient-poor environments characterized by low pH, quartz sand soil, and podsol soil. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the heath forest in East Kalimantan, particularly in the Nusantara region. This research aims to map the location and characteristics of the heath forest in the surrounding area of Nusantara, specifically in Penajam Paser Utara Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. The creation of a tentative heath forest map requires four parameters: elevation, soil texture, NDVI, and a land cover map. Landsat 9 imagery was employed to conduct unsupervised classification and generate a land cover map. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was also applied as an image transformation. The parameters were then overlaid using Geographic Information System (GIS) with a binary model. The results indicate that the heath forest covers an area of 56,646 hectares, representing 23% of the total Nusantara area, while the non-heath forest covers 194,610 hectares. The heath forest tentative map aligns with the RePPProT (Regional Physical Planning Project for Transmigration) land system map. Kerangas forests exhibit unique vegetation types, characterized by stunted trees, shrubs, and various epiphytes. Due to the nutrient-poor soil conditions, the vegetation in heath forests is typically sparse and of low height.

Spatial Mapping and Potential Analysis of Solar Farm Prospective through GIS Utilization as Energy Sovereignty Technical Consideration for the New National Capital City (IKN) Area Development

Spatial Mapping and Potential Analysis of Solar Farm Prospective through GIS Utilization as Energy Sovereignty Technical Consideration for the New National Capital City (IKN) Area Development

Fire in Hansŏng: Conflagrations and Arson in Fifteenth-Century Korea

The use of fire and its associated risks are universal across all cultures. In pre-industrial times, it was common for people to use open flames daily. Nonetheless, while fire brought many valuable aspects to their everyday lives, it could quickly get out of control and become a significant threat to human settlements and lives. The capital city of Chosŏn Kingdom 朝鮮 (1392–1897), Hansŏng 漢城, was no exception when it came to its susceptibility to conflagrations. Regardless of their origin, repeated fire incidents played a significant role in the formative processes of the city. While many English-language publications have been written on the fire history of various countries, the history of fire prevention and protection in pre-indus- trial Korea remains relatively unexplored and unknown to anglophone audiences. This paper aims to shed light on this lesser-known aspect of Korean history by addressing the topic of urban fires and arson in fifteenth-century Chosŏn, focusing on the capital city area and its struggles with anthropogenic fires. By examining some of the extant early Chosŏn administrative records, the paper explores how the administration of the capital city reacted to and coped with repeated incidences of fire. The paper shows that religious and practical approaches toward fire disasters coexisted alongside each other without being mutually exclusive, and introduces two major conflagrations that significantly influenced government policy towards fire incidents—the great fire of Hansŏng in 1426 and the Ch’angdŏk palace fire in 1467.

Preliminary result of dominant frequency and seismic amplification in Penajam Paser Utara and its surrounding regions using the HVSR method

East Kalimantan has been designated as the new capital city of Indonesia, precisely in Penajam Paser Utara and Kutai Kartanegara Regency. According to the historical records of seismic activity, there were several destructive earthquakes in East Kalimantan. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the local site to assess the seismic hazard potential in the new capital city area and its surroundings. In this research, the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method was applied by utilizing microtremor data from 21 seismometers installed in the research area. The results of the HVSR analysis obtained the dominant frequency (f0) and amplification factor (A0) from the H/V curve. Based on the H/V calculation, the highest f0 is 13.04 Hz and the lowest value is 0.58 Hz. Meanwhile, the highest value for A0 is 6.41, and the lowest value is 1.41. The results of the study show that the research area has a low to medium level of seismic hazard.

Health Needs Assessment: Comparison of Applications of All-in-One AI Platform during the COVID-19 Pandemic between Mainland China and Hong Kong

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health hazard since 2020. Preventive measures taken in mainland China and Hong Kong to control the spread of COVID-19, including quarantine, could potentially affect people's physical and mental health. Methods: We used a snowball sampling method to investigate the experience of people in mainland China and Hong Kong using AI chatbots during the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain information on mental health related to COVID-19, the current situation, and the multi-dimensional experience of using AI chatbots. The people who participated in the survey were residents aged 18-75 in the 2 areas. Results: The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 98%. Concerning demographics, 91.1% of the target group were 18-55 years old. The most important sources of information for the respondents were WeChat and Web pages. There was no difference between Hong Kong and mainland China in terms of access to COVID-19-related mental health information (??2=0.59, p=.444), and no difference shown in access to information by gender (??2=0.01, p=.942). There was no difference in age group (??2=2.97, p=.594) and was not related to whether respondents were in the provincial capital city area (??2=0.62, p=.429). Age groups “<18 years old” and “56-65 years old” were related to giving a higher (4 or 5) score to AI text questions answering chatbot (p=.030), and there is a positive relationship between the satisfactory of AI text question answering chatbot and that of AI voice question answering chatbot (R2=0.8074, p=.038). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the use of all-in-one AI platforms in mainland China and Hong Kong, and both have large market potential in the field of AI services for mental health. This platform is suitable for people of all ages in both regions. The results of this study provide forward-looking guidance for our team to develop robots based on an all-in-one AI platform.