Capita Net Income Of Farmers Research Articles

Research on China's agricultural land circulation-taking central agricultural areas as an example

The transfer of land involves many aspects in China, include property rights and transactions of land, the mode of land transfer, and the principal element is the farmer’s willingness. In order to study the basic situation of land transfer in central China and analyze the main factors affecting rural land transfer in China. This research takes Henan Province-a sizable agricultural province in central China-as the research object. Researches the principal modes of land transfer, and analyzes the effectiveness of pastoral land transfer. It uses quantitative analysis methods to determine the influencing factors of land transfer. The analyses consisted of five aspects, the level of non-agricultural industry progress, the level of agrarian modernization development, urbanization development, per capita net income of farmers, and the number of labor transfer. The conclusion is the growth rate of land transfer in Henan Province has shown a downward trend, and the gradual growth of land transfer has cut the urbanization process in Henan Province. Relevant government departments need to take effective measures to solve this problem, to promote the transfer of rural land urbanization.

The Dynamic Influence of Fiscal Expenditure on Farmers’ Income in Guangdong Province Based on the Vector Autoregression Model

Using the skew integration theory and the establishment of a vector autoregression model (Var) to analyze the dynamic impact of fiscal expenditure on annual per capita net income of farmers, wage income, net operating income of farmers, and transferability and property income in Guangdong province from 1998 to 2019, the empirical findings show that government spending has a considerable favourable influence on farmers’ yearly per capita net income, family operating net income, transferability, and property income. Fiscal spending has a lag time on the rise of yearly per capita disposable income, family operating net income, transfers, and property income, according to impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis, and then the contribution steadily grows. The government should continue to expand fiscal expenditure for agriculture, improving the marketing channel of agricultural products, to strengthen the efficiency of agricultural production, establishing agricultural project comprehensive evaluation standard and characteristic agriculture, vigorously develop rural fiscal agriculture capital allocation efficiency, and increase farmers’ families annual per capita net income, net income of household operation, and transfer and property income.

Dynamic change of agricultural energy efficiency and its influencing factors in China

In order to practice the concept of‘lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’ and promote the green development of agriculture, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of agricultural energy utilization. Based on the panel data of 28 provinces from 1995 to 2018, this paper calculated China’s agricultural energy input from two categories of direct energy and indirect energy, and used EBM (Epsilon-based Measure) mixed distance function model to measure the energy efficiency of agriculture in China. The nuclear density function and spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the dynamic evolution of agricultural energy efficiency, and the dynamic panel model was used to analyze the influencing factors of agricultural energy efficiency. The results showed that: ① From 1995 to 2018, the total agricultural energy input had increased year by year in China, with an average annual growth rate of 2% . Energy input structure changed from indirect energy-based to direct energy-based. Agricultural energy efficiency showed an evolutionary trend of ‘rising-stagnating-rising rapidly’in China. The agricultural energy efficiency was generally low in China, and there was a large space for improvement in agricultural energy efficiency. ② From 1995 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern, central and western regions was 2. 7%, 1. 9% and 1. 4% respectively. In 2018, the agricultural energy efficiency in the eastern, central and western regions was 0. 81, 0. 71 and 0. 59 respectively. The gap between regions was expanding rapidly, and the agricultural energy efficiency in the central and western regions needed to be improved. ③ From 1995 to 2018, the agricultural energy efficiency of each province was polarized and the absolute gap was widened. There was obvious improvement in agricultural energy efficiency in Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Liaoning and Tianjin, while the agricultural energy efficiency of Xinjiang, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Inner Mongolia deteriorated. ④ From 1995 to 2018, there was no global spatial correlation of China’s agricultural energy efficiency. However, local ‘high-high’concentration gradually appeared in the eastern region since 2010. ⑤ The first lag of energy efficiency had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency, and agricultural energy efficiency improvement had a time lag. The level of human capital, per capita net income of farmers and the level of urbanizaton had a significant positive impact on agricultural energy efficiency. The disaster rate, the level of development of secondary and tertiary industries, and the level of opening up had a significant negative impact on agricultural energy efficiency. In the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization, we should focus on the central and western regions, take the cultivation of professional farmers as the key, focus on improving agricultural production conditions, enhance the level of cooperation between regions, exert the leading role of the secondary and tertiary industries, and enhance the ability of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation.

Spatial-temporal evolution and responses of ecosystem service value under land use change in the Yellow River Basin:A case study of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, Northwest China.

The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region is located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin in the Northwestern China, with vulnerable ecosystems. It is important to define the regional pattern of ecological security. The ecological and economic issues in this region deserved more investigation. By integrating land use data and the socio-economic data from 1995 to 2020, and using spatial analysis and geodetector, we investigated the spatial-temporal variations of land use and ecosystem service value (ESV) and the driving forces of spatial variations of ESV in the region. The results showed that the cultivated land and unused land in the study area were decreasing, whereas the construction land and forest land increased from 1995 to 2020. The overall ESV in the region showed a "decrease-increase" trend, which decreased by 1.2% from 1995 to 2000 and increased by 1.0% from 2000 to 2020. Grassland provided the largest ESV, contributing a prominent regulation on function and service. The results of geodetector indicated that NDVI was the dominant driving factor for the spatial variation, while temperature and per capita net income of farmers were the important factors. There were mainly 32 types of the index of driving forces with the spatial difference of ESV (q value) being more than 30%. The q value of NDVI and soil type was nearly 46%. The spatial variation of ESV in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region was affected by the interactive enhancement among natural, socio-economic factors, and policy factors.

Investigation on human Ascaris infection in Gansu

Objective To understand the prevalence of A. Lumbricoides in Gansu province, and we provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling applied, the ecological zones and the annual per capita net income of farmers were taken as sub-layer samples. Kato-Katz thick smear technique applied for investigation. Infection rate was analyzed using Chi square test. Results A total of A. Lumbricoides infection rate in the population was 1.82% (326/17 937) in 70 sampling points, within 24 counties (county level cities, districts), which belong to 10 cities (prefectures), constitute rate of mild level infection, medium level and severe level was 98.24% (320 cases), 1.47% (5 cases) and 0.29% (1 case), respectively. The infection rate was 1.81% in males and 1.82% in females, and there was no significant difference between different sexes ( P >0.05). The infection rate of Ascaris was the highest (4.39%) in 0- 0.05)。人群普遍易感蛔虫, 蛔虫感染率0〜<5岁组最髙 (4.39%)年龄组感染率采用趋势 χ 2 检验, 随年龄增加蛔虫感染率降低( Z =36.48, P <0.001),差异有统计学意义;学龄前 文化程度感染率高于其他组( P <0.01);山区地形感染率高于其他3类地形( P <0.005)。黄土高原-江河源区-甘南生态 区人群蛔虫感染率低于其他生态区, 差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。人群蛔虫感染率较高的地区是武威市、定西市、酒泉 市、除南市, 感染率分别是4.40%、3.20%、2.44%和1.96%。 结论 甘肃省人群蛔虫感染率和感染度显著下降, 但蛔虫病 仍是危害儿童健康的重点寄生虫病。土源性线虫病在甘肃省局部特别是边远山区流行严重, 应广泛开展健康教育, 加 强山区及儿童人群防控措施。

Diagnosis of Land Use Potential Conflict Based on DSE Model

Diagnosis of potential land use spatial conflicts plays an important role in land use spatial planning and regional spatial control. Taking Daye city as an example, a DSE diagnostic model is established from the three-dimensional perspectives of land adaptability, socio-economic driving force and ecosystem service value. Social-economic driving force is characterized by per capita net income of farmers, population density and night light data. Ecosystem service value is modified by illumination and soil erosion. The results show that the areas of extreme conflict, high conflict and moderate conflict in Daye are 28.43 km2, 137.12 km2 and 595.32 km2, respectively, accounting for 1.82%, 8.75% and 38.01% of the total area; the areas of extreme conflict are mainly distributed around the main urban area of Daye, while the areas of high conflict are widely distributed around the main urban area and town centers. The results accord with the actual situation of Daye

Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of county rural hollowing in Henan

ABSTRACT: Taking Henan province as an example, the index system of rural hollowing was constructed from three aspects of economy, population and land. Using the entropy weight method, hollowing index method, spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geo detector, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of county rural hollowing from 2000 to 2013 in Henan province were analyzed. Results showed that the gap of rural hollowing between counties in Henan province expanded first and then decrease, and the whole province was at the middle level of rural hollowing, so the development of rural hollowing in Henan province was stable and positive. Spatial variation characteristics of different degrees rural hollowing during 2000-2013 were obvious, and the overall spatial pattern was higher in the northwest-southeast direction and lower in the northeast-southwest direction. There was a strong spatial positive correlation in rural hollowing, and spatial agglomeration was slightly weakened; the number of counties in H-H and L-L agglomeration areas was large and its agglomeration characteristics were obvious; the H-L agglomeration areas started from zero with a small number and scattered distribution. Influence of different factors on rural hollowing was quite different, and the per capita homestead area, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the investment in fixed assets and the per capita net income of farmers were the dominant factors.

Analysis of China’s policy effect on poverty alleviation: evidence from Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

With the continuous socio-economic development, the Chinese government has readjusted its poverty alleviation and development strategies, and established the targeted poverty alleviation policies in an attempt to holistically build a well-off society. Based on the panel data of nine national poverty-stricken counties (districts) in Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region from 1998 to 2015, this paper quantitatively analyzed the effect of the national poverty alleviation policies in the context of targeted poverty alleviation by adopting the methodologies of a break-point regression and a panel regression. The results show that: (1) The national policy for targeted poverty alleviation has a significant effect on poverty reduction, and this effect has manifested since the beginning of its implementation, i.e. the net income of farmers in 2012 increased by 12.41%, as against that during 2010–2011. The per capita net income of farmers has increased by 33.64% from 2011 to 2015 during the implementation period of the targeted poverty alleviation policy, as against that during 1998–2010. The policy effect during 2011–2015 is also evident, for the net income of farmers increased by 21.23% compared with that from the beginning of the policy implementation in 2012; (2) Economic activity of the market and gross value of agricultural product in the poverty-stricken areas have significantly increased farmers’ net income, specifically, for every 1% increase in the degree of market economic activity, farmers’ net income will increase by 48.74%; Furthermore, for every 1% increase in gross value of agricultural product, the farmers’ net income will increase by 3.7%. Finally, this paper proposed corresponding policy recommendations based on these findings.

Analysis of the Changing Laws and Influencing Factors of Social and Economic Indicators in the Upper Reach of Han River Basin

In the socio-hydrological system, the social processes, ecological processes and hydrological processes coupled together and interacted. The base of the analysis and modeling of socio-hydrological processes is the quantitative analysis of the social processes. The construction of the middle route of the South-To-North Water Diversion Project in China and the implementation of the Dan River ecological management project will have an important impact on the socio-economic development of the upper Han River basin in China. In order to reveal the changing laws of social and economic indicators in the Upper Reach of Han River, The social and economic processes in the Upper Reach of Han River are quantitatively analyzed. In this study, 12 socio-economic indicators, such as Total population, Gross domestic product (GDP), Per capita net income of farmers, Fiscal revenue, Common cultivated land area and Total grain output of the 29 counties in the upper reach of the Han River Basin are utilized. Based on the year of Han River Ecological Comprehensive Management, the indicators and their growth rates are analyzed by methods of one-dimensional linear regression, Mann-Kendall comprehensive test and cumulative departure. Economic indicator curves and mutation analysis shows that before and after the Han River Ecological Management, the total grain output changed from the decline trend to significantly decreased, the common cultivated land area has experienced from the reduction to the significant reduction, then to the relatively stable change, the oil-bearing crops output showed a slight upward trend, and the other economic indicators changed from the slow upward trend to a significant upward trend. Growth rates curves of socio-economic indicators and mutation analysis shows that, during and especially after the period of Dan River Comprehensive Management, all of growth rates of the socio-economic indicators showed a downward trend in different ranges. According to the analysis results, some relevant ecological compensation suggestions are put forward for the Upper Reach of Han River Basin.

Research of the Relationship between Agricultural Structure and Farmers’ Income in Yunnan Province

In this paper, the relationship between the structure of agricultural industry and the income of farmers in Yunnan province is studied by using cointegration test, impulse function and variance decomposition. The paper constructs the econometric model to show the dynamic equilibrium relationship among the per capita net income of farmers, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery output. The results show that the impact of animal husbandry on the per capita income of farmers in Yunnan is the largest, followed by forestry and fishery. Impulse response analysis shows that forestry is the fastest response to farmers’ income. Variance decomposition shows that the forestry is the largest contribution to farmers’ income, followed by farming and fisheries, the contribution of animal husbandry is the smallest.

内蒙古磴口县林业生态建设工程综合效益评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 内蒙古磴口县林业生态建设工程综合效益评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201705050830 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业局林业公益性行业项目（201204202） The evaluation of comprehensive benefits of forestry ecological construction projects of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:林业生态建设工程具有重要的经济、生态和社会效益。内蒙古磴口县是林业生态建设工程实施的重点地区，对该区域林业生态建设工程的综合效益进行评价，具有代表性意义。依据评价指标体系构建原则、相关文献资料和当地实际情况，构建磴口县林业生态建设工程综合评价体系；在此基础上，通过时间序列分析，完成1991-2015年磴口县的林业生态建设工程综合效益量化评价。结果表明：在林业生态建设工程评价体系中，经济、生态和社会3个方面所占比重不同，其中，国内生产总值、造林面积、吸收二氧化硫年增加价值、削减粉尘年增加价值及农民人均纯收入五项指标在综合效益评价中权重比例较大；近年来磴口县林业生态建设工程综合效益较1990-1999年期间有所提高，但波动幅度较大，而近年来研究区综合效益趋于稳定并略有上升。磴口县林业生态建设工程在改善区域生态环境、遏制沙化土地扩展等方面的成效相对显著，有效促进了地区经济发展。 Abstract:Forestry ecological construction projects have important economic, ecological, and social compound benefits. Dengkou County in Inner Mongolia is located at the northeast of the Ulan Buh Desert and is a typical ecologically fragile zone; it is also a key area for forestry ecological construction projects and has representative significance for evaluating the comprehensive benefits of the ecological construction area. Considering the principles of comprehensiveness, simplification, scientifically valid, representativeness, objectivity, feasibility, and comparability of the data, the evaluation indicator system was divided into economic, ecological, and social benefits. In this paper, we describe the development of a comprehensive indicator system for benefit evaluation based on these principles, published works, and the current situation. Firstly, 36 indicators were preliminarily selected from relevant literature. Secondly, 20 of these indicators were carefully chosen using experts' opinions. Thirdly, 11 indicators were finally confirmed according to the local characteristics and data accessibility. The final evaluation indicator system was composed of 11 indicators, comprising Gross Domestic Product (GDP), per capita added value of forestry, total output value of forestry, planting area, water conservation value, stocking value, annual increase in sulfur dioxide absorption value, annual increase in dust abatement value, net income of rural households, Engel's coefficient for farmers, and the social benefit of forest. Moreover, the comprehensive benefits of the forestry ecological construction engineering conducted between 1991 and 2015 were evaluated using Matlab 2015a software and time-series analysis method. The results show that the economic, ecological, and social benefits have different proportions in the comprehensive indicator system. The five indicators accounting for a large proportion in the evaluation system were the GDP, afforestation area, the annual increase value of sulfur dioxide absorption, the annual increase value of dust cutting, and the per capita net income of farmers. In addition, the current comprehensive benefits of forestry ecological construction project are better than those in the period of 1990-1999, but the degree of benefit varies greatly. The comprehensive benefits of forestry ecological construction engineering of Dengkou County were highest from 2000 to 2012 and were optimal following the implementation of several forestry ecological construction engineering projects. After 2013, the comprehensive benefits of the forestry ecological construction engineering have stabilized and increased slightly. The trend of the development of the comprehensive benefits in this area followed that of the planting area during this period, indicating that forestry considerably influences ecological construction and environmental protection. The results showed that policy adjustments had considerable influence on local economic, environmental, and social development. The trends in the change in the comprehensive benefits indicated that niche targeting and suitable ecological construction were helpful for steady improvement of the local comprehensive benefits. Forestry ecological construction facilitates the improvement of regional environment quality and preventing desertified land from expanding. Furthermore, it is also effective for promoting local economic development. The present study illustrates the changes in the comprehensive benefits of forestry ecological construction in Dengkou County over more than 20 years. The results can provide a scientific basis for local and regional ecological construction and environmental improvement. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

密云水库上游流域生态系统服务功能空间特征及其与居民福祉的关系

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 密云水库上游流域生态系统服务功能空间特征及其与居民福祉的关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201303120397 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（41371538）；城市与区域生态国家重点实验室科研专项资助项目（SKLURE2008-1-02）；国家基础研究重大专项资助项目（2009CB421105） Ecosystem services’ spatial characteristics and their relationships with residents’ well-being in Miyun Reservoir watershed Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态系统管理的一个重要挑战是在区域尺度上管理生态系统服务并提高当地居民福祉。以2009年土地利用数据和社会经济数据为基础，利用InVEST模型和空间制图在乡镇尺度上对密云水库上游流域水资源供给服务、土壤保持服务、水质净化服务、产品供给服务以及居民福祉进行了定量评估和空间特征刻画，并探讨了生态系统服务与居民福祉的不同关系模式。结果表明，流域内各乡镇土壤保持服务从上游到下游呈逐渐递增的趋势，水质净化服务从上游到下游整体上也呈逐渐递增的趋势，流域内水质净化服务功能与水资源供给服务、粮食供给服务、蔬菜供给服务以及畜牧产品供给服务在空间上呈显著负相关；基于生态系统服务与居民福祉在空间上的聚集特征，可将56个乡镇划分为低服务低福祉模式、供给服务依赖模式和高服务高福祉模式，针对这3种关系模式特点，可分别提出改善生态系统服务功能和居民福祉的管理措施。案例研究可为其他区域实施分区管理、协调生态系统服务功能保护与居民福祉的关系提供借鉴。 Abstract:Understanding the characteristics of spatial coupling of ecosystem services and human well-being is the premise to strengthen ecological system management and then conserve ecosystem services and improve human well-being. The research community, however, mainly focused on the conceptual framework and the large-scale description since United Nations released Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005. This study use the ecosystem services assessment model InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)to evaluate the special characteristics of water supply service, soil conservation service, water purification service, and provisioning ecosystem services. Specifically, we chose Miyun Reservoir watershed as a typical example, which is of vital importance to regulation of ecosystem services, to evaluate these characteristics such as such as food supply, the supply of livestock products, and the supply of vegetables at township scales in Miyun Reservoir watershed. Then we reveal the spatial characteristics of human wellbeing which utilize the per capita net income of farmers as proxy a indicator, and investigate different patterns of relationships between ecosystem service and human well-being. The results show that:(1) Ecosystem services appear to be a significant spatial heterogeneity in space in Miyun Reservoir watershed: water supply service turns out to first increase and then decrease from upstream to downstream; Both soil conservation service and water purification service show a consistent increasing tendency from upstream to downstream; and provisioning ecosystem services are higher at Chao and Bai river watershed and lower at the intermediate region.(2) The relationship between water purification service and water supply service, provisioning ecosystem services, and agricultural services turns out to be a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05). Agricultural development is a important factor to affect the ecosystem water purification services.(3) The residents' well-being shows a significant spatial heterogeneity in space: The rural per capita net income of farmers in Beijing is 4.46 times that in Heibei Province at province scale. And the residents' well-being doesn't show an apparent agglomeration at township scale.(4) Based on the special agglomeration characteristics of ecosystem services and residents' well-being at township scale, the 56 towns appear to contain three spatial coupling patterns: high well-being with high ecosystem services, human wellbeing depending on provisioning ecosystem services (a dependent pattern), and low well-being with low ecosystem services.(5) In order to achieve the win-win objective which can bring about both protect ecosystem services and improve residents' well-being, we propose management recommendations as follows: Emphasize to keep regulating services in high well-being with high ecosystem services pattern; Emphasize to keep provisioning ecosystem services in dependent pattern; Emphasize the implementation of ecological compensation policies in low well-being with low ecosystem services pattern. This study provides an insights to relationships between the spatial pattern of ecosystem services and residents' well-being, and reveals both the spatial coupled pattern and its characteristics. These findings provide scientific support for district and classification management, while the research methods and train of thought can provide a reference for protecting ecosystem services and simultaneously enhancing the well-being of residents for other basin management. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Flood Disaster Risk Assessment and Spatial Distribution Characteristics along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province

Using analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to determine the weight of index, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of risk assessment was constructed in this paper. Flood risk index and risk rating of area along the Yangtze River in Anhui province were drawn by using GIS spatial analysis technology. From disaster causing factors, inducing environment and bearing body, average maximum 3 day rainfall, rainstorm number, vegetation coverage, river network density, standard deviation of the elevation, population density, proportion of rural population, density of GDP, per capita net income of farmers, and cultivated land area ratio were selected as evaluation indicators. The results show that flood risk rating and risk index of area along the Yangtze River in Anhui province has a spatial distribution characteristics from south to north gradually reduced.

Analysis of arable land loss and its impact on rural sustainability in Southern Jiangsu Province of China

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in southern Jiangsu Province have consumed a huge amount of arable land. Through comparative analysis of land cover maps derived from TM images in 1990, 2000 and 2006, we identified the trend of arable land loss. It is found that most arable land is lost to urbanization and rural settlements development. Urban settlements, rural settlements, and industrial park-mine-transport land increased, respectively, by 87 997 ha (174.65%), 81 041 ha (104.52%), and 12 692 ha (397.99%) from 1990 to 2006. Most of the source (e.g., change from) land covers are rice paddy fields and dryland. These two covers contributed to newly urbanized areas by 37.12% and 73.52% during 1990–2000, and 46.39% and 38.86% during 2000–2006. However, the loss of arable land is weakly correlated with ecological service value, per capita net income of farmers, but positively with grain yield for some counties. Most areas in the study site have a low arable land depletion rate and a high potential for sustainable development. More attention should be directed at those counties that have a high depletion rate but a low potential for sustainable development. Rural settlements should be controlled and rationalized through legislative measures to achieve harmonious development between urban and rural areas, and sustainable development for rural areas with a minimal impact on the ecoenvironment.