Canal Capacity Research Articles

Unlocking Excellence: Khageri Irrigation System Benchmarking in Chitwan

The objective of the study was to assess the present service delivery, financial and productivity indicators. The performance of five branch canals i.e. Branch Canal 1, Branch Canal 4, Branch Canal 6, Branch Canal 7 and Branch Canal 8 of the Khageri Irrigation System was evaluated for 2023 AD using fifteen performance indicators under water supply, financial performance and agricultural productivity categories suggested by the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID). 331 farmers were interviewed in respective five branch canals from head, middle, and tail portions of the command area in order to get a representative sample. The data obtained from the interview was analysed and interpreted to calculate the values of the performance indicators. It was also found that the canal capacity and scheme infrastructure was not the limiting cause of this observation according to the calculation of water delivery capacity (1.08). The irrigation service fee charged was not sufficient to pay for the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost according to the calculation of revenue collection performance (0.5, 50%). Land productivity in this system was found to be unsatisfactory according to the calculations of output per unit command area (13084.76 Rs/ha), ouput per unit irrigated area (13216.93 Rs/ha) and output per unit irrigation supply (1.82 Rs/m3).

Efficient Water Supply Scheduling in IoT Sector With Modified Exploration-Based Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer

The main contribution of the proposed work is to minimize the capacity of the canal region and functional step for the head gate of the supply canal depending on the canal constraint. Due to the communication and interconnection over the sensors in IoT, the required decision variables are obtained for the operation of water supply scheduling. Then, the proposed model utilizes several decision variables such as start time, and discharge rate. In various sections, the decision variables change from the head of the canal to the tail, which is also to be gradually decreased as well. To overcome this constraint, the Modified Exploration-based Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (ME-AGTO) algorithm is proposed in this article, where the start time, and discharge rate is efficiently optimized. The newly developed ME-AGTO algorithm is applied for the two-way water supply and acquires the optimal scheduling of the water supply. Hence, the canal capacity is considered with optimized variables at different sections throughout the head and tail parts of the canal. Thus, the schedules are created for the inflow of water with the aid of the rotation period and head gate. The performance is estimated to obtain the desired results of less conveyance loss.

Land subsidence in Beijing: response to the joint influence of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and ecological water replenishment, observed by satellite radar interferometry

ABSTRACT The South-to-North Water Diversion Project Middle Route (SNWD-MR) annually diverts hundreds of millions of cubic meters of water from the Danjiangkou Reservoir to Beijing, significantly impacting the regional groundwater cycle. To conserve water resources, the government has implemented ecological water replenishment (EWR) in some water systems. This study aimed to study the coupled process of groundwater dynamics and land subsidence (LS) in Yongding River (YDR) basin (Beijing section) following the implementation of the SNWD-MR and EWR. First, an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series technique was used to detect spatial and temporal distributions of surface displacement between 2015 and 2020 based on satellite images from Sentinel-1A/B. The results indicated a predominant LS deceleration trend during the InSAR observation period. The area with subsidence velocity below 20 mm/yr decreased significantly by 18.6% after SNWD-MR and EWR (from 2016 to 2020). Then, groundwater level fluctuations during the InSAR observation period were analyzed using groundwater measurement well data. Over 60% of these wells showed a rebound in groundwater levels after the implementation of SNWD-MR and EWR. The polynomial distribution lag model (PDL) revealed the association between LS and groundwater level changes, depicting both short- and long-term lag effect. The results showed significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity on the short- and long-term response between groundwater level change and regional subsidence. In addition, we calculated the differential subsidence slope based on the InSAR-derived LS and analyzed its impact on the river slope after SNWD-MR and EWR. The results show that two sections with significant severe differential subsidence slope occur between 0 and 14,000 m and between 54,000 and 78,000 m along the YDR. The slope change caused by LS may reduce the conveyance capacity of surface canals, and more attention should be paid in those two sections. These findings have an important scientific significance for management strategy for LS control against the background of SNWD-MR and EWR.

Assessing the morphological changes on the operation performance of canal: a case study of the Suez Irrigation Canal, Egypt

Abstract Morphological changes along the cross-section of canals affect the canal's performance to fulfill the desired operations. The Suez Irrigation Canal is a vital canal that provides the surrounding region with drinking water via about 21 drinking water treatment plants and serves about 140,000 feddan of irrigated land. However, the actual canal capacity is incapacitate to convey sufficient water for drinking and irrigation necessities. This research particularly evaluates the morphological changes in the Suez Canal's performance and increasing its ability to transport the required discharges with adequate operations. For this purpose, extensive field measurements and a numerical model (SOBEK 1D) were adapted to evaluate the canal capacity and operation under the required flow conditions. In total, 890 canal cross-sections were surveyed and 16-flow discharge measurements were considered to identify the actual geometric and hydraulic characteristics. The SOBEK 1D model was used to simulate different scenarios of canal cross-sections under changing flow conditions. The results showed that the actual canal mainly suffered from sedimentations that reduced the canal's capacity to transport the design flow discharges. In summary, rehabilitation of the canal is intensely recommended, in addition to the planned and sufficient clearance activatesof the canal to keep effective operations.

WATER SCARCITY IN BALOCHISTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON ITS AGRICULTURE

The research was conducted to identify water scarcity in Balochistan - a semi arid landmass ; and analyse options that could be utilised to make available water for agriculture and livestock in the province. The paper is in descriptive form based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of primary and secondary sources and information received from government departments and internet; and interviews conducted with persons related to the issue. A case study of a Pakistan Water and Power Authority (WAPDA) project of construction of small/ medium dam, illustrates the economic benefits of such dams for increasing crop intensity and cropped land. Increasing water storage capacity, recharging ground water, better water management by shifting to high efficiency irrigation systems, enhancing capacity of canals to utilise full share of Indus River, shifting to high value crops and standardising livestock would boost agriculture to ensure food security for the present and future needs of growing population. Continuous review of National Water Policy (NWP) while implementing salient features of the policy to realise its objectives.

Analisis Yield Sedimen Saluran Sekunder Langgonaweeha Kecamatan Konawe

The Wawotobi Irrigation Area on the Left Intake (Wawotobi Weir) has been equipped with a sediment catchment building but still has problems that occur routinely, namely sedimentation in irrigation canals, sedimentation results in changes in canal dimensions resulting in reduced canal capacity, decreased quality of water flowing in canals, and causes not optimal the function of the existing irrigation structures along the wawotobi irrigation area. The research study location is in the Langgonaweeha Secondary channel which is part of the D.I. Wawotobi, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictive value of the sediment yield that occurred in the Langgonaweeha Secondary Canal. The results of the analysis obtained the value of the average value (SY) of sediment yield of 0.0000000153 ton/ha/year. Whereas for the calculation of each Langgonaweeha Secondary canal section it is known that on the BBg3-Blg1 section it is obtained at 0.000012313 tons/ha/year and on the BLg1-BLg2 section it is obtained at 0.000017755 tons/ha/year, while on the BLg2-BLg3 section it is obtained at 0 .0000161075 ton/ha/year, then the prediction (SY) of sediment yield in the Langgonaweeha Secondary canal is 0.00000513060 ton/ha/year while the yield value of sediment in the Langgonaweeha Secondary canal is 0.001872673 per year. By recapitulating the average total volume of sediment, it is necessary to transport or dredge sediments so that long-lasting deposition does not occur which causes sagging and dimensional changes in the Langgonaweeha Secondary Canal.

Multi-objective optimization model for uncertain crop production under neutrosophic fuzzy environment: A case study

<abstract> <p>In real world uncertainty exist in almost every problem. Decision-makers are often unable to describe the situation accurately or predict the outcome of potential solutions due to uncertainty. To resolve these complicated situations, which include uncertainty, we use expert descriptive knowledge which can be expressed as fuzzy data. Pakistan, a country with a key geographic and strategic position in South Asia, relies heavily on irrigation for its economy, which involves careful consideration of the limits. A variety of factors can affect yield, including the weather and water availability. Crop productivity from reservoirs and other sources is affected by climate change. The project aims to optimize Kharif and Rabbi crop output in canal-irrigated areas. The optimization model is designed to maximize net profit and crop output during cropping seasons. Canal-connected farmed areas are variables in the crop planning model. Seasonal crop area, crop cultivated area, crop water requirement, canal capacity, reservoir evaporation, minimum and maximum storage, and overflow limits affect the two goals. The uncertainties associated with the entire production planning are incorporated by considering suitable membership functions and solved using the Multi-Objective Neutrosophic Fuzzy Linear Programming Model (MONFLP). For the validity and effectiveness of the technique, the model is tested for the wheat and rice production in Pakistan. The study puts forth the advantages of neutrosophic fuzzy algorithm which has been proposed, and the analyses derived can be stated to deal with yield uncertainty in the neutrosophic environments more effectively by considering the parameters which are prone to abrupt changes characterized by unpredictability.</p> </abstract>

Modeling Optimal Canal Conveyance Capacity for the Ahero Irrigation Scheme using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System (HEC-RAS)

Irrigation plays a critical role in addressing food security as envisaged in Kenya’s development blueprint, the Big Four Agenda. However, the performance of any open channel irrigation system is a function of its canal conveyance efficiency, among other factors. To overcome challenges with irrigation water conveyance at the Ahero Irrigation Scheme, a Hydrologic Engineering Centre River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model was used to simulate the flow characteristics at the tail-end section of the canal network, covering a total length of 2.6 km. The study also consisted of a comparative review of an FAO-CROPWAT model estimation water requirement for rice. The manual estimation of the canal capacity in its unmaintained state revealed a discharge capacity of 0.228 m3/s, which was significantly lower than the minimum crop water demand requirement estimation of 0.3166 m3/s (a 28% water deficit). The simulated characteristics projected an optimal flow capacity of 0.583 m3/s. The study recommends canal maintenance (levelling bed undulations, dredging, and smooth concrete lining) to attain the optimal flow capacity at the tail end of the network.

Flood Control with the Shortcut Method on Drainage Channels in the Kampar District Police Area

Kampar Regency, especially the Polres area, is an area that often experiences stagnant water when it rains with high intensity and long duration. The existing drainage condition is not sufficient to accommodate rainwater runoff. The purpose of this research is to review the hydrological aspects and the capacity of the drainage canals that cause inundation in Kampar Regency, as well as to design and determine the location for the construction of a directional drainage (Short-cut). Rain data used is the last 10 years. The design rain is calculated based on the analysis of the frequency distribution of the log person type III method. The research results show that Qcapacity > Runoff. The design channel length is 190 meters with a 1000x1200 u-ditch drainage type.

Assessment of Reservoir and Canals Revitalization to Improve The Reclamation Process at Unit Tamban Tidal Irrigation Area, Central Kalimantan

The Unit Tamban is one of the tidal irrigation areas in the Central Kalimantan Mega Rice Project (MRP). The Unit Tamban is an irrigation system consisting of three primary canals with a settling pond or reservoir at each end. After being developed in 1970 by the Tidal Rice Field Development Project (P4S), the three reservoirs no longer function because they are full of sediment. Sedimentation also occurs in primary and secondary canals, impacting tidal attenuation and decreasing canal capacity. The reservoir at the end of the primary canal assists water regulation for irrigation purposes and leaching acid sulfate water. Three scenarios can be used to increase the capacity of the irrigation system, namely reservoir revitalization, secondary canals normalization, and combining two previous scenarios. The performance of both options was assessed by hydraulic simulation modeling using the HEC-RAS software. The hydraulic simulations show that reservoir revitalization can increase the volume of incoming water during high tide by about 90% more than without a reservoir. If the secondary canal normalization is carried out, the fresh water volume entering the secondary canal exceeds 19% before normalization.

RAILWAYS AND CANALS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

I am going to present my paper on the much debated railways and canals system during the beginning of our colonial period. We will try and look back at the work that has been done in the following colonial period we should then claim this with detailed data. We will try to emulate the ways in which railways and canals had their impact on economy and see their significant contribution and see whether due to incumbency it leads to destruction of our railways and canals system which had great run before that. I will try and develop step by step talks about canals and railways and their positive impact on Indian economy looking the pre colonial period and try to compare it with the colonial period. We will study turn by turn and bring the analogies between the two. We are taking about that century when India was colonized by the British and India was going through his own transformation. Let s talk about canals construction in India it has been widely assumed that the canal system were not so good but actually India have the best constructions of canals they have been one of the finest over the years. In terms of dimension they were pretty big and the cross sectional were huge, the throwing capacity of canals were better, the mileage it gives the average were pretty good and they were good in numbers. The canals of India were one of the greatest it has ever been come across though their structures were permanent in the nature. Now talking about railways, the rails ran first time on Indian track in 1853. Railways plays the spectacular role in the progress of country, the beginning of the railways as we have said started in 19th century. The expansion seen with the railways were huge making it to one of the largest railways in the world. The network drawn between the railways were vast in terms of connecting it. The speed with which the railways construction has happened were enormous and marvellous. The best thing that happened with railways was the expansion of trade expansion that has come simultaneously with it which India has enjoyed in the nineteenth century. The cost cutting role the railways had helped Indian entrepreneurs to earn maximum profit with the lower time interval. Railways together with canals we had brief introduction about both of them. Now we will talk about them in more explained way and see their role.

The Evaluation of Urban Eco Drainage System in Makassar

The objective of study is to reduce surface water runoff in low-lying areas that potentially occurred flooding. The concept of environmentally friendly drainage is the right choice to be applied in reducing the potential for flooding and sediment buildup, especially in areas with small water absorption. The quantitative method used to analyze hydrological and flood discharge then evaluated canal capacity in urban area. Rainfall data and population development for 10 years are used to determine the planned discharge with a certain return period according to actual conditions. The result show that from the 4 types of primary canals, an average of 1.03 m3/sec can be obtained. while the evaluation results for the secondary channel obtained 7 channels with a reduced average inundation discharge of 1.97 m3/s. It can be said that the application of infiltration wells is quite effective to be used as an alternative solution in reducing inundation of urban area.

The EFFECT OF HYDROPHYTES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY CANAL

The hydrophytes in canal effect directly canal performance by reducing water velocity, enhances sedimentation and reduce canal cross section area which raise water level and reduces water flow. Indirectly the hydrophytes detaches from their origin and flow with water stuck with outlet and reduces its proportionality. In this regard a study was conducted on secondary canal known as Yar Husain Minor (YHM) of Maira Branch Canal, which is part of the Upper Swat Canal Irrigation System in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Maira Branch Canal and its secondary canal were designed for Crop Based Irrigation Operation (CBIO), which could supply irrigation water for maximum copping intensity (180%) even during peak periods of irrigation requirements. The current water allowance was 0.67 Ls-1 ha-1 (6.6 mm day-1), which was based on the maximum crop water requirements. The several challenges for operation of YHM and other secondary canals of Maira Branch came from physical barrier mostly in the form of hydrophytes on the performance of YHM canal. Further challenges came from the fact that it receives water from River Swat which is turbid in summer and River Indus (Tarbela Reservoir) which is clear with low turbidity. This caused sedimentation and growth of hydrophytes in the YHM. Furthermore Triangular Profile Crump’s weirs were in all secondary canals including YHM for proportional division to the tertiary outlets (moghas). The study objectives were to investigate the effects of hydrophytes on canal capacity and at the outlets on the performance of the YHM. Hydrophytes growth was observed in head reaches of canal and samples were collected and were identified at the Department of Weed Science & Botany, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Five types of aquatic weeds were identified. The hydrophytes growth in canal head reaches directly reduces the cross section by more than 50%. Indirectly the detached hydrophytes were get stuck in the outlets and affected its performance. Therefore, daily discharges were measured with/without detached hydrophytes at each outlet from staff gauging. Frequency was based on days stone hydrophytes present divided by total time. It was concluded that secondary canal performance was low due to hydrophytes. The hydrophytes and users interventions influenced the outlets performance by 80%. Trifurcators type outlets were more prone to influence by hydrophytes followed by bifurcators outlet.

Comparative Analysis of the Filling Capacity of Simulated Lateral Canals of Two Bioactive Root Canal Sealers Using Warm Gutta-Percha Technique

The aim of this study was to evaluate ex vivo the sealing achieved at simulated lateral canals (SLC) and the quality of filling according to their position in the root canal after using the same filling technique. SLC were created at three levels in 55 teeth and divided into two groups depending on the root canal sealer used (1: BioRoot® RCS, 2: GuttaFlow® bioseal). They filled them with the continuous wave technique and submitted to a diaphanization technique. The samples were analyzed using a magnifying lens (20×), pictures were taken, which proceeded to linear measurement with the ImageJ® program and used a filling score system with five grades (0 to 4, 0 and 1 not acceptable, 2 to 4 acceptable); BioRoot® RCS has got a greater proportion than GuttaFlow® bioseal for SLC filled acceptably at 10 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). The highest proportion of SLC filled acceptably was found in the middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.05), followed by the apical third (3 mm) and the coronal third (10 mm). The difference between apical and coronal third could be significant; BioRoot® RCS has been better than GuttaFlow® bioseal for filling SLC in the coronal third of the teeth. Studies on the characteristics of these cements are missing to explain these differences.

Livestock and Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme Interactions as a Key Source for Sedimentation during the Irrigation Season: Four Case Studies from South-West Shoa, Ethiopia

Small-scale irrigation (SSI) development can play a major role in Ethiopia’s economic development, but sedimentation is a major threat to its sustainability. The focus of the dominant discourse around the sedimentation of SSI schemes lies in upstream catchment protection during the rainy season, neglecting both protection against erosion through overland flow along the margins of the canal network and sedimentation caused by livestock disturbances. Remedies against the latter causes of sedimentation during the irrigation season have been ineffective due to erroneous assumptions regarding its cause. This study aimed to identify the sources and extent of sedimentation in SSI schemes. The accumulated sediment in the canal pre-irrigation season was measured from four SSI schemes and suspended sediment samples during irrigation season were collected from one SSI scheme. The accumulated sediment in the canal pre-irrigation season was measured from four SSI and suspended sediment samples during irrigation season were collected from one SSI scheme. The extent of sedimentation in the canals during the pre-irrigation season in relation to canal capacity was 100% of lined and unlined canals in abandoned, 68% in a lined, and 84% unlined canals in heavily sedimented and 38% in a lined and 46% of unlined canals lightly sedimented schemes. Livestock interactions with the SSI schemes were found to be the major sediment source before and during the irrigation, hence, attention should be given to integrating livestock as a part of the system.

Characterization and Redesigning of Mada Batu Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, West Arsi Zone of Oromia Region

Irrigation enhances agricultural production, improves the food supply and income of rural population in Ethiopia. From this important viewpoint irrigation projects were widely studied, planned and implemented throughout the country. However, little or no attention was given to the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of already established schemes. The aim of this study was to characterize and redesign of Mada-Batu small scale irrigation scheme in order to improve the performance of the irrigation system. Firstly, scheme was characterized in terms of capacity, dimensions and functionality of reservoir, main and secondary canal and then redesign of the scheme was done depending on the current command area of the scheme. The scheme has trapezoidal shape of reservoir with a capacity of 2604 m 3 live storage along with trapezoidal shape of main canal with average size of 161, 59, 38.2 cm at the top, bottom and depth respectively and maximum discharge capacity when gate was fully opened at off take was 70 l/sec. The overall efficiency of the scheme is rated at reasonable category. The current redesigned capacity of main canal was 524 l/s and dimensions of 253.9, 74 and 60 cm at the top, bottom and depth respectively. Keywords: Mada-Batu, small scale irrigation scheme, characterization, command area, redesigning DOI: 10.7176/CER/13-3-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

Improving the carrying capacity of irrigation canals: Al-Tawfiky diversion

ABSTRACT The morphological changes in the irrigation channel cross-section affect its hydraulic efficiency and carrying capacity with time. Periodic maintenance activities are applied to reach maximum carrying capacity. In many cases, removing the total amount of deposit inside canal cross-section above the design bed level is not the optimum maintenance solution hydraulically and economically. Additional discharge must be applied to canal intake to achieve the design water level. Al-Tawfiky Diversion is one of the main irrigation canals in the Delta region. It extended with a length of 175 km to serve 716,540 feddan. The study encloses the first reach from intake to km 36.400 upstream Jamjara regulator. This research aims to detect the most inefficient reaches along the selected study canal reach based on the actual characteristics of the surveyed canal cross-sections, and identifying the most proper maintenance scenario hydraulically and economically. Three hundred and fifty-one cross-sections along the study reach were surveyed. The different hydraulic parameters of these cross-sections were calculated. The data was analyzed and criterion for detecting the most inefficient sub-reaches was introduced. An empirical equation connecting the applied maintenance activities with channel conveyance was deduced. A mathematical model for the study reach was built and calibrated using (SOBEK-1D) to evaluate the proposed four maintenance scenarios.

РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ НОВОТРОИЦКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА В СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОМ КРАЕ

Purpose: checking the headrace canal to the fall no. 1 for diversion capacity in connection with a change in the canal discharge. Due to the increase in the estimated flow for irrigation and watering, it is planned to build a canal from the reservoir to the fall no. 1. The tasks of the hydraulic computation included the determining of the headrace canal parameters for the intended catastrophic water discharge of 375 cubic m/s, the computation was carried out taking into account the non-steady flow in canal. For effective energy extinction in the tail-race of the fall, it is required to make a constructive decision and carry out a justification taking into account the topographic conditions of the structure's operation. It is necessary to resolve the issue of energy extinction in tail-race of the structure. Calculations of the toothed overfall for energy extinction in the tail-race are presented. Materials and methods. A version of the dissipator with an indented wall which allows dissipate energy in the constraint environment effectively and obtain a favorable distribution of velocities in the flow in tail race of the structure was adopted for the computation. A step-by-step computation for determining the diversion capacity of the fall no. 1 was carried out: first, the diversion capacity of the headrace canal was determined at a catastrophic discharge Q = 375 cubic m/s with a subsequent change in its hydraulic parameters, then the computation for dissipating the flow energy in the downstream of the structure are given. Results: the calculations of the jagged sill for damping the energy in the tail-race are presented, the indented wall of the fall is designed and the corresponding depths in the tail-race are calculated. Conclusions: the performed computation of the headrace canal and fall no. 1 made it possible to ensure the passage of a catastrophic flow rate equal to 375 cubic m/s, under set conditions.

NEW METHODS TO PROTECT YEAR-AROUND OPERATION CANALS FROM SNOW

On the canals of year-around operation, severe snowdrifts concentrated on the surface of the ice cover simultaneously affect both thermal and static loads. When ice melts intensively from the lower surface in areas of accumulation of snow masses, and also due to an increase in the static load from snow, longitudinal cracks form on the ice. The snow saturated with water rising up along the cracks, and a gradual sinking of the snow-ice mass occurs. All this leads to decrease in canal capacity, and in some cases to complete blockage of the flow section by snow-ice mass. The purpose of the paper is to find new ways to protect the canal drift and create an impervious canal profile in areas heavily covered in snow. Snow deposition in the canal bed occurs gradually, starting from the edge of canal closest to the snow collection basin side, followed by an increase in the snowdrift shaft in the direction of the wind as snow blizzard arrives to the canal. We propose the method of protecting the canals from snowdrifts by changing the transverse profile of the canal in the sections highly covered by snow. The transverse canal profile is changed by adding a berm to it with a slope coefficient equal to the coefficient the leeward slope and a height equal to the depth of the canal from the leeward slope depending on exact establishing the limit position of the surface of the snowdrifts, at which the canal is blown without snow deposition, regardless of the amount of snow transfer. The proposed methods can be applied in areas of snow transfer on watering and irrigation canals designed for year-around operation.

Application of SVM, ANN, GRNN, RF, GP and RT models for predicting discharge coefficients of oblique sluice gates using experimental data

AbstractGates are commonly used to adjust water flow in open channels. By using an oblique/inclined gate, the water transferring capacity of open irrigation canals can be increased. Investigation of free and submerged discharge coefficients for inclined sluice gates is the focus of the present study. First an experimental apparatus incorporating an inclined gate was created. The inclined angle (β) and gate opening (a) were experiment variables, and the five inclination angles include: 0° (vertical gate), 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°. Experimental results showed a greater convergence of flow lines under the gate and increasing the gate angle causes the discharge coefficient to increase. Also experiments showed that increasing the submergence rate (yt/a), decreases the inclined gate discharge coefficient. Performance metrics were created for the experimental results. The metrics utilized Gaussian process (GP) regression, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), random forest (RF) regression and random tree (RT) based models which were used to predict discharge coefficients (Cd) in both submerged and free flow conditions. The model input parameters were the ratio of the upstream water depth to gate opening (y/a) and the inclined angle (β) for free flow and also the submergence rate (yt/a) for submerged flow. The prediction models show that the ANN model in free flow conditions has the following performance metrics: Coefficient of determination, R2= 0.9957, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) = 0.0044, and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0.0017. The performance metrics for submerged flow conditions were R2 = 0.9922, RMSE = 0.0079 and MAE = 0.0054. The ANN approach is the most accurate model compared to the others.