Capacity Market Research Articles

Be Wary of Paying Wounded Bulls – Capacity Markets in Australia's National Electricity Market*

Australia's Energy Security Board is currently considering whether to pivot the east‐coast Australian National Electricity Market from an energy‐only market to include some form of capacity remuneration. This discussion is occurring during an unprecedented energy crisis where the wholesale market was suspended following a 275% increase in underlying wholesale energy prices. This article unpacks the root causes of the current energy crisis and how a traditional capacity market would have been ineffective in addressing it. We find that a traditional capacity market may provide windfall gains to wounded bull coal generators and be counterproductive in driving new investment in dispatchable technologies. Our recommendation is that policy‐makers should focus on utilising existing regulatory tools and a capacity reserve to insure against the unanticipated failures of ageing coal plants.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Income of Butchers Broilers at Traditional Market in Sidikalang District

The covid 19 pandemic has negatively impacted various sectors, including livestock product trading. This study aims to find out how much income impact due to covid 19 pandemic on broiler meat traders at the Traditional Market, Sidikalang District, and understand the marketing strategies carried out by traders during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted at the Traditional Market, Sidikalang District, in September 2021. The sample determination used a saturated sample technique ( total sampling ), where all population members were used as samples because the population used was relatively small. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the income of traders before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and describing the data generated from the impact felt during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed decreasing butchers' gain after the emergence of the Covid-19 outbreak. The highest revenue from the middle business group reached IDR 5,025,000 or around 31.1%, and the lowest income difference in the small business group got IDR 2,480,000 or about 24.8% after the Covid-19 pandemic. The provision of policies during the Covid-19 pandemic by limiting operational time and market capacity by complying with health protocol recommendations and assisting in the form of money and necessities to traders are some of the government's roles during the Covid-19 pandemic for broiler chicken traders. The strategy carried out by traders to increase sales during the Covid-19 pandemic is to continue to supply excellent and fresh broiler chicken, give discounted prices, offer a delivery system, as well as promote merchandise through social media.

The Current State of Regulatory Support for the Development of Russia’s Renewable Energy and Its Current Transformation

The article addresses matters concerned with transforming the Russian national RES support system starting with the adoption of amendments to the Federal Law FZ-35 “On the Electric Power Industry” and the first by-laws of the Russian Government. Special emphasis is placed on the changes in the methodology and procedure for supporting RES in Russia that have been adopted in connection with the RF Government’s decision to extend the RES development and support program in the country for the period from 2025 to 2035. The adopted changes in the approaches to supporting RES are considered for both the wholesale energy and capacity market and for retail energy markets in Russia.

Market analysis for storm treatment equipment

The work is devoted to the analysis of the market of storm water treatment plants. The market capacity is studied and the sales volumes of treatment facilities are forecasted. The concentration index is calculated. Using the treatment facilities as an example, the company's strategic goal is determined and a marketing strategy is proposed to achieve it. The customer retention rate is calculated.

A re‐examination of the US insurance market's capacity to pay catastrophe losses

AbstractCummins, Doherty, and Lo (2002) present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the capacity of the property liability insurance industry in the US to finance catastrophic losses. In their theoretical analysis, they show that a sufficient condition for capacity maximization is for all insurers to hold a net of reinsurance underwriting portfolio that is perfectly correlated with aggregate industry losses. Estimating capacity from insurers' financial statement data, they find that the US insurance industry could adequately fund a $100 billion event in 1997. As a matter of comparison, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 cost the insurance industry $40 to $65 billion (2005 dollars). Our main objective is to update the study of Cummins et al. (2002) with new data available up to the end of 2020. We verify how the insurance market's capacity has evolved over recent years. We show that the US insurance industry's capacity to pay catastrophe losses is higher in 2020 than it was in 1997. Insurers could pay 98% of a $200 billion loss in 2020, compared to 81% in 1997.

Problems and strategy of further development of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values

"Medicine and food homology" is a precious health care concept rooted in the culture of Chinese medicine and plays an important role in the development of the national health industry. It is consistent with the current global trend that food and medicine are mutually penetrating. Accordingly, the Chinese medicinal materials with edible values have an increasing production scale. Especially, in the context that the development of Chinese medicinal materials is switching from pursuing quantity to quality, the food field has become the main market for the new production capacity of Chinese medicinal materials, which has presented a broad prospect. However, the quality standards of raw materials, production methods, and administration ways vary between the materials for edible and medicinal purposes. Specifically, the food for medicinal use on the market cannot meet the quality standards of medicinal mate-rials, while the medicinal materials fail to meet the taste requirements as food. As a result, these problems cause difficulties in market circulation and supervision. In this paper, we analyzed the formation of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values, compared the food with medicinal value, common food, and functional food, and analyzed the different quality requirements of Chinese medicinal materials used in different scenarios. Further, we advised the differential development of Chinese medicinal materials in different directions(edible or medicinal use) from production to supervision. Including:(1) In the variety registration of Chinese medicinal materials with edible values, the variety breeding direction should be announced according to the requirements that medicinal materials care more about the content of active ingredients and food use materials preferentially need to meet the requirements of edible palatability.(2) Differentiation can be reflected in the selection of cultivation mode and planting and processing technology of medicinal materials, The differential production technical specification of medicinal materials with edible values should be developed. Such as the "simulated cultivation" mode is encouraged in the plant of medicinal materials to ensure its quality and the strict management of inputs and sufficient cultivation years should be guaranteed. While for edible medicinal materials, more kinds of cultivation techniques can be selected according to their processing methods.(3) The market supervision of medicinal materials with edible values should be guided by the purpose of their sales and use, which depends on the accurately recognize of the relationship between the properties of medicinal materials with edible values and the situation of pharmacopeia collection.(4) During publicity, when used as ordinary food and health food medi-cinal materials, it should be noticed that the publicity of the product's efficacy must meet the requirements of corresponding regulations.

Stochastic adaptive robust approach for day-ahead energy market bidding strategies in hydro dominated sequential electricity markets

This paper presents a novel methodological approach for the optimal day-ahead energy market bidding behavior of a cascaded hydropower plants (HPPs) portfolio in the sequential electricity markets. The understudy markets are day-ahead energy market and manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR) markets in both capacity and energy setups. The introduction of the mFRR capacity market ensures transmission system operators (TSOs) about the availability of energy bids in the real-time market, which acts as binding constraints in the mFRR energy markets. As a determining factor, the active-time duration of mFRR energy bids is uncertain at the time of day-ahead bidding, which is modeled as the intervals in our robust optimization, while the electricity prices are considered as the scenarios in the stochastic optimization. Hence, we have proposed a novel stochastic adaptive robust optimization to address the bidding problem in the face of uncertainties accurately. The results show a considerable improvement compared to the conventional fully-stochastic approach in the case study of Swedish cascaded hydropower plants.

Understanding barriers to inbound medical tourism in the United Arab Emirates from a provider's perspective

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to identify the important barriers to the development of medical tourism in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Further, it aims to establish a relationship among these barriers and propose a framework to overcome them.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a narrative review of the literature to identify barriers to medical tourism development (MDT) in the UAE. Using a graph theory-based Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) approach to explaining the hierarchy of the identified barriers and interpret the relationship links. The study further uses Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis to validate the finding of the study and derive conclusions.FindingsThe study identifies barriers related to MDT as (1) Policies and Regulations (2) Government support (3) Healthcare costs (4) Healthcare Capacity (5) Healthcare Quality (6) Medical Insurance (7) Facilitator and Marketing (8) International Relations (9) Ease of Travel, and (10) Religion, Culture, and Language. The study concludes that Healthcare Cost, Healthcare Quality, and the inapplicability of international medical insurance are the most important barriers. More than fifty percent of barriers fall under the linkage quadrant in MICMAC analysis which reflects that overcoming one barrier helps in overcoming other barriers as well.Originality/valueThis study is one of the most comprehensive accounts of the barriers to MDT in the UAE and strategies to overcome these barriers. To the best of our knowledge, we were not able to find a similar study.

Public Management of Employment at the Level of Territorial Communities in the Context of Ensuring the Development of Rural Areas

United territorial communities were formed by voluntary unification of adjacent territorial communities of villages, towns, and cities. The availability, working conditions, and the level and quality of life of the population of rural communities significantly affect the development possibilities of rural areas. Problematic issues are the growth of unemployment, the demographic crisis, the intensive outflow of young people from the countryside, etc. The primary issue for anti-crisis public administration in rural areas (at the level of rural territorial communities and rural districts) is ensuring employment and self-employment of the population, increasing the level of labor income of the rural population. The low capacity of the labor market in rural territorial communities determines the need for the population to find work outside their place of residence and, in this connection, the presence of significant financial costs. The introduction of new types of activities and areas of employment for residents of the rural community must meet the needs of the market and be economically feasible, because otherwise public policy measures to support such types of employment will have a short-term nature and insignificant results. The tools of the public employment policy are: unemployment benefits, insurance of the population against job loss; assistance in professional training and retraining of personnel, conducting advanced training courses, organization and regulation of labor exchanges, public employment services; regulation of the wage level, regularization of the dismissal of employees; subsidies and benefits from tax accounting for entrepreneurs, regarding the creation of new and preservation of old jobs. Public management of employment at the level of the territorial community should be aimed at ensuring the possibility of effective economic activity of the residents of the community. At the same time, they should receive sufficient financial support to motivate work. This requires: creation of procurement points with a wide range of products with the participation of territorial communities; combining them into a procurement network; active cooperation with public administration bodies; networks of procurement points to international supply chains; ensuring their access to foreign food markets.

Digital marketing for ring craftsmen in Basen Village, Kotagede, Yogyakarta

One of the producers of handcrafted rings and jewelry is Mbasen, whose crafts are based on customer preferences. 9 workers can only produce 10–12 pairs of rings each day, which is still below the ideal manufacturing capacity. The marketing component has also not been utilized to its full potential. Community service projects are carried out to help the handmade ring jewelry business overcome the issues of low manufacturing capacity and ineffective marketing strategy. The approach used to provide the assistance is called community development, and it consists of four stages: socializing, training, technology deployment, and ongoing support. The technology that will be applied is information about Search Engine Optimization (SEO) which is used to expand the market through digital marketing and digital branding for website creation. To improve production capacity, the team additionally helped with the procurement of power inverters.

Market Capacity, Information Exchange and Imperfect Matching: Evidence from the Chinese Venture Capital Market

AbstractThis paper examines imperfect matching between venture capital (VC) firms and entrepreneurial firms in the VC market. We find an anomaly of imperfect matching evidenced by an inflection point of the matching structure in the Chinese VC market. When the market capacity is within a specific critical range, the greater the market capacity, the greater the degree of matching; when the market capacity exceeds a certain critical point, the greater the market capacity, the smaller the degree of matching. We further show that the degree of efficient information exchange in the VC market provides a powerful explanation for this anomaly. Our findings advance the research on matching structures at the market level, explain imperfect matching in the Chinese VC market from a unique angle and provide valuable policy implications for the development of VC markets.

Применение коэффициента Джини в исследованиях пространственного неравенства в агломерациях регионов

Strengthening the economic role of urban agglomerations is a global trend. The economic benefit from the merging of economic resources becomes possible due to agglomeration effects that trigger the accumulative process of space development. The increase in market capacity and business activity, intensive interaction in the labor market and the exchange of knowledge stimulate the development of the space. However, the negative side of agglomeration processes is the resource exposure of peripheral territories and the decrease in the standard of living of the population on the outskirts of the region. More attractive working conditions and wages in the core of the agglomeration lead to inequality in the distribution of income among the population of the region. The article examines economic inequality in the Moscow region using a popular indicator - the Gini coefficient. The author describes the reasons for the differentiation of wages among the population, provides calculations and shows the dynamics of the change in the Gini coefficient.

Transparent Polyimide Aerogels: Controlled Porosity via Minimizing the Phase Separation

The aerogels industry has been growing with a market capacity of 909 billion USD in 2019. Silica aerogels are the most extensively used due to their ease of synthesis. It can possess many useful properties such as high optical transparency, high-surface area, low thermal conductivity, and a wide accessible density range. However, silica aerogels are brittle and friable, making them unsuitable for many applications. Polymeric aerogels are typically much more robust but lack the uniform fine nanostructure which gives silica its exceptional properties. Herein, mechanically robust polyimide (PI) aerogels with uniform <20 nm porosity and exceptional transparency are demonstrated. Optimization was achieved by minimizing the phase separation during gelation, minimizing the light scattering, and yielding the exceptionally transparent aerogels. The aromatic PI backbone results in a high modulus while retaining a low thermal conductivities and high thermal stability. We demonstrate methods for inducing phase separation to increase the pore size and the effects on bulk properties. This study presents a better understanding of the route to producing transparent polymer aerogels.

Market-Specific Barriers and Enablers for Organizational Investments in Solar PV—Lessons from Flanders

Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is an important contributor to a sustainable energy transition and consists of an increasingly affordable and accessible technology. Although solar PV policies in industrialized countries have mainly benefited affluent households, non-homeowner market segments often remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we review barriers and enablers for solar PV investments in non-homeowner market segments and investigate sustainability aspects of its institutional environment. We use focus group data from Flanders (Belgium) to investigate non-homeowner residential markets (including social, rental, and collective housing), public sector markets (including schools, and health and social care facilities), and commercial markets. They have in common that they are mostly governed or mediated by organizations, and that very specific regulatory and institutional conditions apply. Our main finding is that, even in times of high energy prices, the energy savings potential of solar PV is often not a sufficient condition for organizations to engage in solar PV investments. Major barriers include diseconomies of scale, split incentive problems, internal organizational barriers, and legal uncertainty. Important enablers are energy sharing frameworks and framework contracts for group purchasing. We conclude with recommendations on institutional quality, organizational capacity building, market development, mechanism design, and social justice to ensure sustainability.

MEMPROGRAMKAN PENGENALAN BANK SYARIAH DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO SYARIAH PADA DESA PURASEDA, KECAMATAN LEUWILIANG, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Islamic banks and Islamic microfinance institutions (LKMS) are very important to pay attentionto. This is because the community needs business capital financing, and with small capital, buthas a large contribution as one of the pillars of the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, theyare vulnerable businesses due to lack of access to capital, small production capacity and relativelynarrow market share. Therefore, a community service program is needed through socializationthat can support economic growth in the region. This community service activity is carried outwith the aim of providing knowledge and information to the public on how to choose the rightfinancing product based on Islamic sharia through collaboration with Islamic financialinstitutions. This community service was carried out in Puraseda Village, Leuwiliang District,Bogor Regency.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬЮ КОРПОРАЦИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ РФ

The authors describe the main stages of competitiveness management of corporate structures of the Russian Federation since the 90's of the 20th century. For the time in- terval from 2013 to 2020 inclusive, the dynamics of specific investment in innovation (%) of the total investment costs of industrial corporate structures of the Russian Feder- ation is presented and an economic and statistical function of the impact of innovative activity of these industrial structures on the average level of return on assets is obtained. The dynamics of the share of industrial corporate structures of the Russian Federation in global sales markets as a percentage of market capacity over the past ten years was cal- culated, the main parameters for using individual elements of the digital economy to improve competitiveness in industrial organizations of the Russian Federation are pre- sented. For 2020 the average price structure of products (works, services) in these or- ganizations in comparison with EU industrial corporations is presented. The main direc- tions of the influence of special institutions of corporate governance on the process of managing the competitiveness of industrial corporate structures of the Russian Federa- tion, as well as the main problems of managing the competitiveness of corporate struc- tures in the industry of the Russian Federation in recent years are considered.

Do oil prices and oil production capacity influence decision making and uncertainty in the financial market? Evidence from Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between oil prices and oil production capacity and financial market performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how oil prices and oil production capacity influence the decision making and uncertainty factors in Saudi Arabia’s financial markets. The key variables considered are oil prices and oil production capacity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Other variables such as foreign direct investment decisions and domestic investment decisions are adopted to explore their impact and reaction to the various risks identified. Therefore, data was collected from online sources to analyze qualitative and quantitative information to understand risks, uncertainties and decision-making considerations. The findings of this paper indicate that rising oil prices increase the value of the Saudi Arabian financial market. The study showed that the diversification of the investor portfolio increases the stability of Saudi Arabia’s financial market. Also, the KSA’s financial market volatility primarily reflects oil price fluctuations, and the Saudi Arabian oil production capacity directly affects its financial market performance. Saudi Arabia’s oil production was also found to pose insignificant risk to long-term economic growth and stability, thereby putting investors’ long-term investments at risk. The study also showed that investors in Saudi Arabia’s financial market fail to objectively analyze risks by focusing on short-term high-profit margins from oil prices. AcknowledgmentAll authors have contributed equally to this paper.

Prospects and Constraints of Onion Production and Marketing: A Case Study of District Tando Allahyar, Sindh-Pakistan

This study aimed to identify the existing onion production practices and constraints at smallholder farms and profitability of onion in the Tando Allahyar district of Sindh during the year 2018-19. The primary data were collected from 24 randomly chosen onion-producing farmers in village Ibrahim Shah using a pre-tested systematic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate percentages, frequency, and mean, while the benefit-cost analysis (BCA) method was used to determine onion growers' profitability. Results of the study revealed that the overall average total cost and gross revenue of onion production were (Rs. 115120/acre, Rs. 154875/acre) respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was found to be 1.52 for (variable costs) and 1.35 for (total cost), indicating that onion cultivation benefits farmers in the Tando Allahyar district. The most common and local onion variety grown was Nasarpuri, which was cultivated by 87 % of farmers, along with Hazari and Phulkara. However, the farmers were reluctant to use hybrid seeds due to their inability to withstand high temperatures. The main production constraints for onion growers were high input prices, particularly seed costs, and high labour charges for hoeing and weeding. Similarly, low product prices and high transportation costs were major marketing constraints. Due to a lack of technical expertise with current technology, such as a shortage of cold storage and skilled labor, the marketing of excess produce throughout the year was a significant problem for onion growers. It is therefore suggested that a comprehensive marketing capacity building and Global GAP will improve the quality, productivity and profitability of the farmers and open the channel of export for Pakistan.

Integration of RES-based Power Plants into the Unified Energy System of Russia: Problematic Issues and Approaches to Solving Them

Recent years have seen mass-scale integration of wind (WPP) and solar (SPP) power plants for capacities ranging from a few to several hundred megawatts into the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia. Wind and solar power plants for a total capacity of 5.28 GW are to be commissioned by the end of 2024, and around 6.7 GW else are to be commissioned within the next decade. WPPs and SPPs are constructed in the framework of capacity supply agreements, which guarantee the return of investments in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. The aim of the study is to analyze problematic matters concerned with integrating RES into the UES of Russia and to outline a list of first-priority and further steps to be taken for securing the optimal control of power system operation modes under the conditions of a growing share of RES in the mix of generating capacities. In view of the fact that certain power districts operating within the UES of Russia have been islanded for various reasons, the problematic matters of RES integration are analyzed also for these power system operation conditions. Experience gained around the world with integrating RES into power systems is considered, and the RES introduction scales for which certain organizational and technical measures must be developed and taken are ranked. Statistical data from Russian and foreign sources on the reliability indicators of wind farms and photovoltaic systems for various capacities are given. The equipment of modern WPPs and SPPs features high availability indicators; however, it is quite frequently disconnected, which leads to load surges on the adjacent grids and the need to cover the emergency active power shortage by conventional power plants. The article suggests a list of first-priority steps to be taken for correctly integrating RES into distribution grids that will make it possible to avoid grid equipment failures and incidents involving mass-scale loss of power supply to consumers in the course of power system operation. The implementation of the plans that have been set forth will facilitate smooth integration of the growing RES capacities into the UES of Russia, while keeping the ability to control the power systems operation modes. The article substantiates the need of introducing certain amendments to the legislation, statutory, regulatory and technical documents that set out technical requirements for RES equipment, its technological connection to and operation as part of power systems. If implemented in a goal-seeking and stage-by-stage manner, the suggested measures will help rule out excessive disconnections of RES, engage them in control of power system operation modes, guarantee reliable power supply to consumers, and secure safe and reliable performance of the UES of Russia.

Optimizing the CHPP Unit Heat Supply System Modes in Regulating the Electric Load Schedule

The problem of selecting the CHPP heat supply system optimal operation modes is considered for the case when the CHPP unit participates in regulating the electricity consumption schedule. The heat supply system operation mode is analyzed for the case of two-staged delivery water heating with the steam turbine low-pressure diaphragm kept closed. Special attention is paid to taking into account the actual condition of heaters in terms of delivery water subcooling value in them. The effect of increasing the subcooling value on the steam turbine efficiency is estimated. The article also presents a methodology and algorithms for taking into account the actual delivery water subcooling value in distributing the steam turbine heat load between the delivery water heaters in two characteristic operation modes of a combined cycle power plant as it is prepared for and entered the electricity and capacity market.