Capacity In India Research Articles

Strengthening SPS management capacity in India to enhance competitiveness and better realisation by farmers

The vast production base offers India tremendous opportunities for export. India is among the 15 leading exporters of agricultural products in the world. The increased globalization and liberalization of international markets, facilitated by both bilateral trade agreements and the WTO, are opening new export markets for Indian agricultural products, both fresh and processed. But the share of agricultural exports in total exports decreased from 11.20 per cent in 2004–05 to 10.47 per cent in 2010–11. SPS issues are affecting India's export adversely. Despite being one of the major horticultural producers in the world, India is the small player in the global horticultural export trade, a major challenge is now meeting sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards. FFV is one of the categories of food items most frequently affected by sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. Maximum Residue Limit (MRLs) of pesticide is the main SPS issue in case of fruits and vegetables. Strengthening SPS management capacity in India can contribute to growth, better realisation and poverty reduction by increasing the competitiveness of Indian exports, improving domestic food safety and promoting adoption of safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.

Understanding, Defining, and Measuring State Capacity in India

Research Article| October 01 2015 Understanding, Defining, and Measuring State Capacity in India: Traditional, Modern, and Everything in Between An Asian Survey Special Issue on India Nafisa Akbar, Nafisa Akbar Nafisa Akbar is a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Travers Department of Political Science. <akbar.7@berkeley.edu>. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Susan L. Ostermann Susan L. Ostermann Susan L. Ostermann is a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Travers Department of Political Science. Email: <sostermann@berkeley.edu>. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (2015) 55 (5): 845–861. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.5.845 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nafisa Akbar, Susan L. Ostermann; Understanding, Defining, and Measuring State Capacity in India: Traditional, Modern, and Everything in Between An Asian Survey Special Issue on India. Asian Survey 1 October 2015; 55 (5): 845–861. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.5.845 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2015 by the Regents of the University of California2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Bureaucratic Norms and State Capacity in India

Himachal Pradesh outperforms other Indian states in implementing universal primary education. Through comparative field research, this article finds that bureaucratic norms—unwritten rules that guide public officials—influence how well state agencies deliver services for the poor. The findings call attention to the informal, everyday practices that generate state capacity.

Enhancing conservation science capacity in India: first decade of the Master's programme in wildlife biology and conservation

India is a mega biodiverse country but, with a human population of 1.2 billion and aspirations for further economic growth, conservation of this biodiversity faces huge challenges. A decade ago, identifying the need for strong academic programmes to train conservation professionals, the Wildlife Conservation Society collaborated with the National Centre for Biological Sciences of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research to initiate a Master's degree programme in wildlife biology and conservation, comprising cutting-edge course modules taught by practising scientists and conservationists, followed by a dissertation. The programme trains a cohort of 15 students every 2 years, and the fifth cohort graduated in September 2014. In all, 74 budding conservationists have graduated in the programme's first decade. Their field research has spanned multiple species and ecosystems in 20 Indian states, and alumni of the course now form the core of many academic and conservation institutions. The alumni have engaged in practical conservation initiatives, driving both policy and practice in India by setting high standards of research and science-based conservation. The sixth cohort of 15 students began their training in July 2014.

Funding the “organization” in civil society organization: Measuring organizational capacity in India and Ethiopia

Welcome to Annals of Global Health,Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment.Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health.Authors of articles accepted for publication in Annals of Global Health will be asked to pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover publication costs. This charge can normally be sourced from your funder or institution. We are committed to supporting authors from all countries to publish their work in Annals of Global Health regardless of national income level, and to achieve this goal, we waive the Article Publication Charge for manuscripts where all authors are from low-income or lower-middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included "Human Health and Ocean Pollution", "Building Health Research Capacity in Rwanda; A Multi-Year Journey", and "2020 Year of the Nurse". Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.

SY13-1-2 * BUILDING NATIONAL CAPACITY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN INDIA

Background. The number of trained professionals including psychiatrists is inadequate for management of Substance Use Disorders (SUD) in India. Objective. To build national capacity in India for management of SUD Methods. Efforts to train various categories of staff (general duty medical officers, nurses and paramedical staff) have been ongoing supported by resource material for both trainees and trainers. Currently a national training exercise is ongoing with the target to train at least one doctor in the management of SUD in each district in the country through six training institutions. Intensive efforts in capacity building along with mentorship through Quality Assurance Visits have also supported the scale up of Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) in the country. Simultaneously, short and long term trainings of psychiatrists in Substance Use Disorder are also taking place including the recent initiation of a super-specialist programme (DM Addiction Psychiatry) of 3 years duration in India. Conclusion. Future plans include refresher programmes, online mentorship and efforts to mobilise additional resources (for medication, support staff) so that the training of doctors at the district level lead to strengthening of primary/secondary care services by overcoming limitations.

Cost of Siltation in Sardar Sarovar Reservoir: Implications for Catchment Treatment

Estimates on lost reservoir capacity in India provide an alarming picture. There are several instances of soil erosion and sedimentation with run-off water. The cost of sediment removal from a large reservoir may be high, in addition to cost of dam construction. The present article estimates the loss to economy by siltation of Sardar Sarovar reservoir through loss of electricity generation and agricultural productivity. The article also suggests adoption of intensive soil and moisture conservation measures on scientific lines from protection viewpoint.

Challenges for Public Service Capacity and the Role of Public Employee Training as a Moderator in India

This article examines the efforts made in India for the capacity building of public service. It addresses the negative influences, which the existing majority–minority divide, quota system, and the issue of corruption have on capacity building in the public sector and examines the moderating role played by public service training arrangements in capacity building. Mixed method is used and data are taken from survey and interviews with public officials. Findings show that efforts to accommodate the minority in the public services, quota system, and corruption harm the capacity-building initiative of the Indian central government. However, training can assist capacity building by serving as a moderator for accommodating diverse groups between competing needs in the pluralistic Indian society. Hence, improvement of training quality and effectiveness are expected to ensure that public servants are aware of the rules and that their applications possess the ability to tender relevant advice and assistance to the political executive. Furthermore, the findings may be used to draw insights about bureaucracy in other developing countries, although this study is based on efforts to build capacity in India.

Building nurse education capacity in India: insights from a faculty development programme in Andhra Pradesh.

BackgroundIndia faces an acute shortage of nurses. Strategies to tackle the human resource crisis depend upon scaling up nursing education provision in a context where the social status and working conditions of nurses are highly variable. Several national and regional situation assessments have revealed significant concerns about educational governance, institutional and educator capacity, quality and standards. Improving educational capacity through nursing faculty development has been proposed as one of several strategies to address a complex health human resource situation. This paper describes and critically reflects upon the experience of one such faculty development programme in the state of Andhra Pradesh.DiscussionThe faculty development programme involved a 2 year partnership between a UK university and 7 universities in Andhra Pradesh. It adopted a participatory approach and covered training and support in 4 areas: teaching, research/scholarship, leadership/management and clinical education. Senior hospital nurses were also invited to participate.SummaryThe programme was evaluated positively and some changes to educational practice were reported. However, several obstacles to wider change were identified. At the programme level, there was a need for more intensive individual and institutional mentorship as well as involvement of Indian Centres of Excellence in Nursing to provide local (as well as international) expertise. At the organisational level, the participating Colleges reported heavy workloads, lack of control over working conditions, lack of control over the curriculum and poor infra-structure/resources as ongoing challenges. In the absence of wider educational reform in nursing and government commitment to the profession, faculty development programmes alone will have limited impact.

Improving the Durability of the E.O.T. Crane Structure by Finite Element Analysis, and Optimize the Hook Material for Improving its Solidity

Modern technological period can‘t be imagined without various material handling equipments. Cranes are amongst one of the material handling equipment which finds wide applications in different fields of engineering. Due to incredible all around economic development, the operation rate of cranes has astonishingly increased year by year, and many cranes are often used beyond their capacity in India. So Analysis of the main structure is very important and essential. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stresses and strains condition in the power structure of overhead crane, presenting a fast and evaluated computer aided solving method for complex static indeterminate structures. The analysis of the stresses and strains state of the power structure of overhead crane bridge for increasing its toughness is made using the NX NASTRAN. The research performed allows the evaluation of the stresses state, pointing out the critical areas and measures which are imposed in order to increase the toughness of the power structure for the overhead crane. The results obtained allowed us to make up a study about the dimension optimization of the power structure in order to design the crane hook. Thus, the material use could be reduced without more than the limits of the most suitable conflict.

Developing biomedical innovation capacity in India

Developing biomedical innovation capacity in India

Estimates of India's Fissile Material Stocks

Estimates of India's current stocks of fissile material holdings are presented, along with projections of their future production. India's plutonium stocks (weapon-grade and reactor-grade) are first calculated in spent fuel form. Then different efficiency scenarios for India's reprocessing plants are assumed to estimate how much of this plutonium is likely to have been separated. Similarly the best possible estimates of Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) production are inferred from publicly available information about the capacity of India's major enrichment plant. In addition, projections are made of the quantities of these different fissile materials likely to be produced in the future, from now until 2020. The impact of the Indo-US Deal on future production is also discussed. Each estimate is accompanied by the detailed basis on which it is made.

Texture and hydride orientation relationship of Zircaloy-4 fuel clad tube during its fabrication for pressurized heavy water reactors

Zircaloy-4 material is used for cladding tube in pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) of 220 MWe and 540 MWe capacity in India. These tubes are fabricated by using various combinations of thermo-mechanical processes to achieve desired mechanical and corrosion properties. Cladding tube develops crystallographic texture during its fabrication, which has significant influence on its in-reactor performance. Due to radiolytic decomposition of water Zircaloy-4 picks-up hydrogen. This hydrogen in excess of its maximum solubility in reactor operating condition (∼300 °C), precipitates as zirconium hydrides causing embrittlement of cladding tube. Hydride orientation in the radial direction of the tube limits the service life and lowers the fuel burn-up in reactor. The orientation of the hydride primarily depends on texture developed during fabrication. A correlation between hydride orientation ( F n ) with the texture in the tube during its fabrication has been developed using a second order polynomial. The present work is aimed at quantification and correlation of texture evolved in Zircaloy-4 cladding tube using Kearn’s f-parameter during its fabrication process.

Prospects for nuclear energy in South Asia in the 21st century

The South Asian region is characterised by low per capita energy consumption. There are large differences in the region with regard to energy resource endowments. In the entire region one notices an excessive use of non-commercial energy. The region has significant hydro-potential, which needs to be fully exploited. There are possibilities for trade in energy in the region. India is the largest country in the region and coal is the mainstay of electricity generation in the country. Considering the fast economic growth in India in recent years and its fuel resource position, large-scale growth of nuclear installed capacity in India is inevitable. As a long-term option, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka could also consider setting up nuclear power plants.

WAS THE INDIAN LABOR MOVEMENT EVER CO-OPTED?

ABSTRACT Despite its central importance to India's political and economic development, the organizational capacity of India's working class is poorly understood. Standard social scientific accounts portray the Indian working class as weakened by continual fragmentation and wholly dominated by political parties and the state. Social scientists therefore assume that the Indian working class is economically and politically inconsequential. This essay challenges these prominent misconceptions. Drawing on original survey data, government statistics, and a discussion of Indian industrial and labor law, the author shows that the Indian labor movement has been much more unified, much more contentious in the collective bargaining arena, and much more politically influential than previously assumed. The author speculates that the key reason social scientists have misjudged the strength of organized labor in India is that their assessments have relied too heavily on “key source” interviews with business, political and trade union elites, all of whom have incentives to portray workers as divided and weak.

Implications of the Growth of Dental Education in India

By influencing the supply of trained human resources, the dental education sector can play a significant role in influencing policy goals of ensuring good quality and equitable access to oral health services in developing countries. Our research goal was to assess quantitatively the size of the Indian dental education sector, its growth over time, and the implications of this growth for equity and quality in oral health care. Information on the location of teaching institutions, the year of establishment, type of ownership, and seat capacity was obtained from government sources, the Dental Council of India, and websites of individual institutions to estimate the growth in the undergraduate dental education sector, including the role of the private sector from 1950 to 2005. Data on location of training capacity and institutions were used to assess the geographical distribution of undergraduate dental education capacity in India. Registration data on dentists, the size of available faculty relative to regulatory requirements, and penalties imposed on offending faculty and education institutions were used to assess the impact of the growing Indian dental education sector on graduate quality and equitable access. Dental colleges and enrollment capacity have grown rapidly over the five decades since 1950, mainly due to a growing private sector. There is regional inequality in the location of dental education schools in India with a bias toward economically better-off regions. The growth in the dental education sector has translated into increased overall access, although accompanied by rising inequality in access and possibly lower quality of dental education.

EXPERIENCES IN TRAINING AND RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY IN INDIA – THE CASE OF ARSENIC IN DRINKING WATER WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON CHILDRENʼS HEALTH

ISEE-279 Although knowledge on the association between exposure to environmental agents and short and long term effects on children's health has increased over the last decade, there is a need for related training to support local researchers in conducting epidemiological studies in many countries. Health researchers and professionals from developing and transitional countries and regions should be enabled to conduct well designed epidemiological studies to investigate exposure and suspected health effects related to local priorities, such as from arsenic contaminated drinking water in South Asia. In different parts of India and Bangladesh millions of people including young children and women in child bearing age, are exposed to arsenic contaminated drinking water from natural geological sources, and often the population is not well informed about contaminated sources and risks. Children are thought to be at particular risk, and factors such as inadequate nutrition and living conditions may differentially increase their risk. The US NIH Fogarty program on International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (ITREOH) provides the framework for training and research collaboration between the US and developing countries. In our Fogarty funded ITREOH program in India, trainees work on specific research projects and are provided with the methodology and support to build their own capacity in India. Technology transfer is a key part of the program. Examples of successful training activities include intensive courses, regular lectures, and continuous support to local research projects and qualifications (e.g. PhD thesis on child development and arsenic, nutritional aspects of arsenic toxicity) in India, as well as training visits to UC Berkeley, during which specific skills are obtained. Lectures and exercises on the basic principles of epidemiology, as well as the development of specific study protocols and instruments for the individual studies are part of the training. As a feature of this effort, local networking among researchers is promoted. Special effort is required in West Bengal and other Asian countries and regions, to establish methods for meaningful intervention studies to test the effectiveness and feasibility of arsenic mitigation and integrated water safety programs under the specific local conditions. The overall goal of this project is to increase the local capacity in India in a sustainable way. This may support the implementation of effective interventions and policies to particularly protect the health of children and future generations.

Nirma increases sodium carbonate capacity in India

Nirma increases sodium carbonate capacity in India

Symbols of statehood: military industrialization and public discourse in India

This article examines the forces driving the pursuit of military production capacity in India, including those behind the Indian nuclear and space programmes. We are mainly interested in whether symbolic motivations regularly find expression in the public discourse. We review all articles on the subject of weapons development and production appearing in India Today from May 1977 to April 1999. There are three closely interrelated yet distinguishable concerns in the public discourse that we consider symbolic: that military industrialization is a means of asserting India's autonomy in international affairs, that it is a means of establishing India's international status and prestige, and that it serves to enhance India's self-image. We contend that the symbolic motivations are a prominent force behind the military industrialization process in India. The precise form that symbolic motivations take vary—some statements seem to have more symbolic content than others—but, as a whole, such references are not rare or isolated. Our findings suggest that symbolism can be an important component of the quest for an indigenous arms-production capacity, and perhaps other elements of statebuilding as well.

Electricity Conservation Programs: Barriers to Their Implementation

Electricity demand has been growing at a faster rate than capacity in India. High investment requirements for additional capacity and long gestation periods make it difficult to keep up with the rising demand. This has forced the government, the utilities, and the consumers to think in terms of energy conservation through efficiency improvements and load management strategies. However, many barriers exist to the implementation of conservation programs on the supply side as well as the demand side. This article identifies those barriers and suggests policy measures: knowledge and access to efficient technologies, tariff reforms to reflect economic costs, regulatory measures to ensure appliance labeling, and cooperation among utilities, consumers, equipment manufacturers, and government agencies.