Oxygen Capacity Research Articles

Optimal duration of ex-vivo lung perfusion for heat stress-mediated therapeutic reconditioning of damaged rat donor lungs.

Transient heat stress (HS) application during experimental ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) of warm ischemic (WI) rat lungs produces a range of therapeutic benefits. Here, we explored whether different EVLP durations after HS application would influence its therapeutic effects. In protocol 1, WI rat lungs were exposed to HS (41.5 °C, 60-90 min EVLP), and EVLP was maintained for 3, 4.5 or 6h (n = 5/group), followed by physiological measurements (compliance, edema, oxygenation capacity). In protocol 2, WI rat lungs treated with (HS groups) or without HS (control groups) were maintained for 3 or 4.5h EVLP (n = 5/group), followed by physiological evaluation and measurements (lung tissue) of heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP27, HS90, GRP78), endogenous proteins (SP-D, CC16, PECAM-1), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2, Bcl-xL) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, CHOP), anti-oxidant enzymes (HO-1, NQO1) and nitrotyrosine (oxidative stress biomarker). In protocol 1, physiological variables were stable after 3 and 4.5h but deteriorated after 6h. In protocol 2, at 3h EVLP, HS-treated lungs differed from controls by higher expression of HSP70 and HO-1, and lower CC16 expression. In contrast, at 4.5h EVLP, HS-treated lungs displayed improved physiology, higher levels of all HSPs, preserved or increased expression of SP-D, CC-16 and PECAM-1, increased antioxidant and anti-apoptotic proteins, and reduced pro-apoptotic proteins and nitrotyrosine. The protective effects of HS application during EVLP of WI damaged rat lungs strictly depend on the duration of post-HS recovery. An EVLP duration of 4.5h appears to optimize the therapeutic potential of HS, while maintaining lungs in a stable physiological state.

Injectable Biocompatible Zeolite Nanocrystals for Enhanced Tumor Oxygenation and MRI Imaging.

Tumor hypoxia significantly limits the effectiveness of radiotherapy, as oxygen is crucial for producing cancer-killing reactive oxygen species. To address this, we synthesized nanosized faujasite (PBS-Na-FAU) zeolite crystals using clinical-grade phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as the solvent, ensuring preserved crystallinity, microporous volume, and colloidal stability. The zeolite nanocrystals showed enhanced safety profiles in vitro and ex vivo, and in vivo studies showed no apparent toxicity to animals. They demonstrated a high oxygen capacity with a release rate of 2.68 mg/L under hypoxic conditions. The introduction of gadolinium (Gd3+) into the zeolite nanocrystals by ion exchange, replacing three monovalent cations (Na+ and K+), led to an increased oxygen capacity of the sample. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study revealed that Gd-containing zeolite (PBS-Gd-FAU) adsorbed ∼23% more oxygen at 20 kPa compared to the as-synthesized sample (PBS-Na-FAU). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated targeted oxygen delivery and release within brain tumors, revealing 14.91 and 17.10% differences in cerebral blood volume (CBV) between tumor and contralateral brain tissue after 15 and 20 min, respectively, compared to the control. T1 maps at 7 T indicated a relaxation rate of 9.254 mM-1·s-1 for PBS-Gd-FAU, twice that of commercial Gd-chelates. These findings highlight the potential of Gd-containing zeolite nanocrystals synthesized in PBS as a biocompatible platform for enhancing tumor oxygenation in anticancer therapy, with significant clinical translation potential.

Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with respiratory rehabilitation training on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objectivethe study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with respiratory muscle training (RMT) on patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods135 patients with moderate/severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected as the research object and randomly selected. 72 cases were divided into rehabilitation group and 63 cases in control group. 63 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in the same period were also included in the internal control group (blank group). Data on pulmonary function parameters (FEV1, FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC ratio), blood gas analysis parameters (arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)), and anxiety and depression scores were collected before and after the intervention for the RG, CG, and BG. Additionally, the COPD assessment test (CAT) scores were recorded for both the RG and CG. Results: following intervention, PaO2 was clearly reduced, and PaCO2 and SaO2 were visibly higher in subjects; PaO2 was clearly reduced, and PaCO2 and SaO2 were visibly higher in the RG as against the CG; Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percentage of predicted FEV1 (FEV1%pred), and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) in subjects were visibly higher, and FEV1%pred and FEV1/FVC were visibly higher in the RG as against the CG; The CAT scores and anxiety and depression scores in subjects were clearly reduced, and those were clearly reduced in the RG as against the CG (P < 0.05).ConclusionNMES and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) exercise training can visibly improve the lung function, oxygenation capacity, carbon dioxide exhalation, and quality of life (QoL) in COPD patients, effectively alleviating anxiety and depression.

Cardiac Hemodynamics, Tissue Oxygenation, and Functional Capacity in Post-COVID-19 Patients.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional capacity of post-COVID-19 patients with a control group and analyze cardiac hemodynamics and muscle tissue oxygenation responses during assessment protocols in both groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with COVID-19 and a control group who were all aged ≥18 years. Participants underwent two functional capacity tests: the one-minute sit-stand test (1-STS) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Cardiac hemodynamic responses were evaluated using impedance during the 1-STS, and tissue perfusion responses in the oxygenation were recorded during and after both tests. The Friedman test was used for within-group and the Mann-Whitney test was used for between-group comparisons. Results: Thirty-six post-COVID-19 patients (median age 36 years, BMI 26.51 kg/m2) and eleven control subjects (median age 25 years, BMI 23.71 kg/m2) were enrolled. The post-COVID-19 group showed a 20% decrease in 6MWT distance (p = 0.0001) and a 28% decrease in 1-STS repetitions (p = 0.01) versus the control group. Cardiac hemodynamic differences were observed in the post-COVID-19 group during the 1-STS, with reductions in the stroke volume index (18%, p = 0.004), cardiac index (21%, p = 0.0009), Contractility Index (78%, p = 0.0001), and Ejection Fraction (29%, p = 0.0003) and increases in Systemic Vascular Resistance (25%, p = 0.03) and the Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (27%, p = 0.0007). Tissue oxygenation during the 6MWT and 1-STS showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: The post-COVID-19 subjects exhibited a reduction in functional capacity, changes in hemodynamic responses related to cardiac and systemic vascular resistance, and a similar pattern of muscle oxygen delivery and consumption in both tests.

Diagnosis and Management of Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension in the UAE: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Chronic Lung Disease (PH-CLD)

Chronic Lung Diseases (CLDs) constitute one of the most frequent causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and rank second after PH due to left heart disease. In PH-CLD, destruction of lung parenchyma is associated with decreased functional capacity, diminished quality of life, increased oxygen requirements, and a heightened risk of death. As both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH due to lung disease are categorized as precapillary PH, it is essential to distinguish between the two conditions, particularly when the lung disease is present with the severe form of PH. If the diagnosis confirms a severe form of PH-CLD, then individualised care is essential in patients with severe lung disease and evidence of right-sided heart failure, particularly those with lower-limb oedema. Moreover, echocardiography (ECHO) and N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) evaluation are of high importance and must be ordered by the pulmonologist. Right Heart Catheterisation (RHC) is also essential for the determination of the extent and severity of pulmonary vascular involvement. The use of inhaled vasodilators, along with a referral for right heart catheterisation, should be considered at an earlier phase of interstitial lung disease. In addition to therapy, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programmes have been found to improve six-minute walking tests (6MWT), oxygenation, and functional capacity. This article discusses the screening of PH-CLD along with the treatment algorithm and suggests the promising role of vasodilators in PH-CLD.

Acid-base composition of mice blood during the progression of toxic pulmonary edema

BACKGROUND: Modeling toxic pulmonary edema for the purpose of studying the effectiveness of drugs is associated with difficulties in model validation and objectification of drug effectiveness criteria. To confirm the significance of changes in pulmonary coefficients and visual changes in lung tissue, acid-base balance and blood gas analysis are often used to objectify emerging gas exchange disorders. AIM: To investigate the acid-base composition and blood gases in mice during the progression of toxic pulmonary edema caused by inhalational phosgene exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Toxic pulmonary edema was induced by exposing mice to phosgene at a dose corresponding to LCt50 in an inhalation chamber. Blood samples were analyzed for acid-base balance and gas parameters, including partial oxygen pressure (pO2), partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), total hemoglobin (tHb), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), methemoglobin (MetHb), reduced hemoglobin (RHb), oxygen saturation (sO2), oxygen concentration (O2ct), oxygen capacity (O2cap), partial oxygen pressure at 50 % saturation (P50), total carbon dioxide (tCO2), true and standard bicarbonate (HCO3–, SBC), actual and standard base excess (BEb, BEecf), anion gap, lactate, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and ionized calcium. Measurements were performed using a gas analyzer at 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after exposure initiation. RESULTS: Significant shifts in blood gas composition and acid-base balance were observed 3 hours after pulmonary edema initiation. These included decreased acid-base balance, reduced oxyhemoglobin levels, lowered oxygen saturation, and elevated partial carbon dioxide pressure, indicating respiratory insufficiency and compensated respiratory acidosis. Major changes in acid-base parameters were observed after 24 hours, with normalization of pH accompanied by increases in true and standard bicarbonate levels, as well as total carbon dioxide content. Changes in actual and standard base excess were observed, reflecting a reduction in base deficit. Electrolyte levels remained unchanged in all experimental groups throughout all observation periods. CONCLUSIONS: The study elucidated the progression of respiratory hypoxia during toxic pulmonary edema and confirmed that respiratory hypoxia serves as a key pathogenic link, leading to significant disruptions in energy metabolism during the progression of pulmonary edema.

Association Between Mean Corpuscular Volume and Cognitive Function in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults ‐ An 11‐year Cohort Study

AbstractBackgroundThe mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a common parameter in routine blood tests. Larger MCV tends to be more fragile and pose challenges in passing through capillaries, leading to a diminished capacity for oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain thus impacting cognitive function. Limited studies have explored the association between MCV and cognitive impairment with inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the association between MCV and cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodThis 11‐year cohort study (2011‐2022) included 530 non‐demented older adults (aged above 65) from the ongoing Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research at baseline (2011 to 2013) with four biennial follow‐ups. Global cognition was assessed by the Taiwanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Domain‐specific cognition, including memory, attention, verbal fluency, and executive function, was assessed by a battery of neuropsychiatric tests. Blood data were collected, including MCV, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin, platelet, and vitamin B12. The cutoff of MCV was determined by the turning point obtained from the generalized additive model. This study utilized a generalized linear mixed model to analyze the association between MCV and cognitive function adjusted for age, sex, years of education, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, years of follow‐up, and other blood parameters.ResultThe average age of the participants is 72.68 years, with females comprising 53.40%. As the follow‐up time increased, older adults with larger baseline MCV (&gt;93.0 fL) exhibited a significantly poor performance of memory (immediate free recall: = ‐0.028, p = 0.021; delayed free recall: = ‐0.039, p = 0.002; delayed theme recall: = ‐0.041, p = 0.003), and attention (digit span forward: = ‐0.028, p = 0.027). Additionally, an interaction was found between MCV and age on global cognition (p interaction=0.008).ConclusionOver time, increased MCV was associated with poor domain‐specific cognition. MCV may potentially serve as an early indicator for assessing cognitive impairment. Larger and longer‐term studies are needed to clarify their temporal relationship and underlying mechanism.

(Invited) Mn-Based High-Energy Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cation-disordered Li-excess rocksalts (DRX) are promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries utilizing sustainable resources. [1] These compounds are typically Co- and Ni-free, and they offer exceptionally large charge storage capacities by activating the redox reactions of both cationic transition-metals and anionic oxygen in the lattice. [2-4] Recent studies showed that significant performance improvement can be achieved by introducing fluorine substitution. Fluorine was found to improve local structural stability and chemomechanical properties, as well as reduce oxygen gas release, impedance rise and capacity fade. [5-7] However, achieving adequate cycle life remains a formidable barrier in DRX cathodes.In this presentation, we will show our recent effort in developing stable DRX oxyfluorides based on Mn-redox chemistry. Mn-rich DRX oxyfluoride cathodes consisting of earth-abundant elements will be presented. These materials experience unique local structural transformations upon charge and discharge, leading to dynamic evolution in voltage profile and significant capacity rise during early cycles. Stable cycling can be achieved after the initial activation process. Our understanding in how chemistry can impact local and long-range structures and their evolution during electrochemical cycling will also be presented, as well as the perspectives on future directions in cathode development. References Chen D.; Ahn J.; Chen, G. An Overview of Cation-Disordered Lithium-Excess Rocksalt Cathodes. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, Lee, J.; Urban, A.; Li, X.; Su, D.; Hautier, G.; Ceder, G. Unlocking the Potential of Cation-Disordered Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Science 2014, 343, 519.Yabuuchi, N.; Takeuchi, M.; Nakayama, M.; Shiiba, H.; Ogawa, M.; Nakayama, K.; Ohta, T.; Endo, D.; Ozaki, T.; Inamasu, T.; Sato, K.; Komaba, S., High-Capacity Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: Li3NbO4-based System with Cation-Disordered Rocksalt Structure. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2015, 112, 7650.Chen, D.; Kan, W. H.; Chen, G. Understanding Performance Degradation in Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Oxide Cathodes. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901255.Lee, J.; Papp, J. K.; Clément, R. J.; Sallis, S.; Kwon, D.-H.; Shi, T.; Yang, W.; McCloskey, B. D.; Ceder, G. Mitigating oxygen loss to improve the cycling performance of high capacity cation-disordered cathode materials. Commun. 2017, 8, 981.Lun, Z.; Ouyang, B.; Kitchaev, D. A.; Clément, R. J.; Papp, J. K.; Balasubramanian, M.; Tian, Y.; Lei, T.; Shi, T.; McCloskey, B. D.; Lee, J.; Ceder, G. Improved Cycling Performance of Li-Excess Cation-Disordered Cathode Materials upon Fluorine Substitution. Energy Mater. 2018, 9,1802959.Ahn, J.; Chen, D.; Chen, G.. A Fluorination Method for Improving Cation-Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Performance. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2001671.

Antibacterial carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with antioxidant cascade enzymatic system for immunoregulating the diabetic wound microenvironment

Diabetic wound healing faces several complex challenges, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and bacterial infections, which severely inhibit the wound-healing process. Herein, a quaternary ammonium salt-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel (TPC) with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties was developed to immunoregulate the diabetic wound microenvironment. The TPC hydrogel was prepared by first mixing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and protocatechualdehyde (PA), followed by the addition of a quaternary ammonium cross-linker (TSPBA) and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)–catalase (CAT) cascade system. The immobilized SOD and CAT retained their activity, continuously converting endogenous ·O2− and H2O2 to O2 and H2O. PA also provided the TPC hydrogel excellent oxygen and nitrogen radical scavenging capacity. The quaternary ammonium groups in TSPBA significantly enhanced the inherent antibacterial ability of CMCS-based hydrogels. In diabetic wound-healing experiments, this porous and adhesive TPC hydrogel effectively closed wounds and regenerated skin tissue, resulting in shorter wound edges, thicker granulation, and higher collagen deposition levels compared with other groups. The TPC hydrogel also promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, accelerating wound healing by upregulating IL-10 expression, downregulating IL-6 expression, and enhancing angiogenesis. These results demonstrate the great potential of TPC hydrogel as a promising therapeutic dressing for treating diabetic wounds.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanorods with Enhanced Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties

This study reports the microwave synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods using Lantana camara L. flower extract (LCF-HA) and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and SEM-EDX techniques. The extract coating on the hydroxyapatite nanorods improves the antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria. The study also evaluates the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and capacity to induce apoptosis of LCF-HA. It shows that LCF-HA efficiently inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy of LCF-HA in inducing apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells is established by dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence labelling. Additionally, LCF-HA induces an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. The findings indicate that derived LCF-HA has significant anticancer efficacy by inducing apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells through enhanced ROS generation, suggesting that derived LCF-HA may serve as a promising therapeutic target for bone cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the study demostrates excellent compatibility with osteoblast cells, highlighting its potential for bone regeneration applications.

Study on Physical Fitness Index BMI and VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; Max of Physical Education Students

Physical activity is human body movement of any type, while physical education programs use physical activity to teach children how to improve and sustain an active lifestyle. One of the most crucial factors to think about when evaluating a subject&amp;apos;s cardiorespiratory efficiency is their Physical Fitness Index (PFI). The risks involved in implementing BMI for adults also affect kids and teenagers. The term &amp;quot;maximal oxygen consumption capacity&amp;quot; (VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;max) refers to the body&amp;apos;s capacity to consume oxygen in the skeletal muscle mitochondria at a maximum rate during vigorous full-body exercise. To investigate correlation body mass index, physical fitness index and maximal oxygen capacity (VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;max) among physical education students. The investigator was selected 36 BPED students (Male: 20 &amp; Female: 16) from University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia. The age range of subject from 19 to 25 years. To conduct this study measured body mass index though Quetelet index, physical fitness index through Harvard step test and maximal oxygen capacity (VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;max) through Queens College Step test were considered. Conclusion of this present study were no significant relationship between physical fitness index and body mass index of male, female students and students as a whole. Significantly relationship between VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; max and body mass index for female students but in case of male and student as a whole found no relationship. Positive relationship between physical fitness index and VO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; max for male students and student as a whole but in case of female found no relationship.

The impact of hypoxic training at different altitudes on human physiology, biochemistry, and cytogenetics

This study investigated the impact of dosed hypoxic normobaric exercises on the physio-biochemical parameters of blood and lymph circulation, as well as cytogenetic changes in red blood cells (RBC), using a Sprague Dawley Rat Model. Hypoxic training was conducted in an animal hypoxic chamber. The session lasted 34-35 minutes. The O2 content was 20.5% at the beginning of the session; then, it dropped to 14.8% within 4-5 minutes, corresponding to a rise to an altitude of 2,900-3,000 m, and was maintained at that level until the end of the session. The hypoxic training cycle increased the RBC count by 4.1%, the hemoglobin count by 4.2%, the blood oxygen capacity by 8.3%, the circulating blood volume by 16.7%, and interstitial metabolism and lymph circulation by 30.6%. A cytogenetic study revealed an increase in erythropoiesis-reticulocyte count by 40.3% and a slightly higher frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes. We observed economization of the heart, respiration, activation of glucose transport by 33.5%, increased lipid utilization, and increased antioxidant protection. These parameters especially changed when hypoxic training was combined with physical activity. Hypoxic training with physical activity expands the body’s compensatory and adaptive capabilities by increasing the reserves of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems.

Annexin A1 activates the G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor type 2-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway to alleviate sepsis associated acute lung injury

To investigate whether annexin A1 (ANXA1) improves sepsis-induced lung injury by activating G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2)-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway. Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Control group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury model group (LPS group), LPS+ANXA1 mimetic peptide group (LPS+Ac2-26 group) and LPS+ANXA1 mimetic peptide+FPR2 inhibitor group (LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group), with 6 rats in each group. On the third day before modeling, rats of the LPS+Ac2-26 group were injected with 1 mg/kg Ac2-26 by the tail vein and rats of LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group were injected with 1 mg/kg Ac2-26 and 2.2 mg/kg WRW4 by the tail vein. The rats of control group and LPS group were injected same volume of physiological saline. After 48 hours of modeling, the rats were anesthetized and the carotid blood was taken to detect the oxygenation index (OI). Lung tissue was taken from the euthanized rats. The wet/dry (W/D) ratio was determined. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope and pathological score was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of eNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by Western blotting. Under light microscope, compared with LPS group, the infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of LPS+Ac2-26 group was reduced, and the thickness of the alveolar septum was improved. The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue of LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group was more severe than that of LPS+Ac2-26 group, and the thickness of the alveolar septum increased. These findings suggested that ANXA1 significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and improved alveolar septal thickness, WRW4 reversed the lung improvement effects of ANXA1. Compared with control group, OI in LPS group was significantly decreased, and W/D ratio, pathological score and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO levels in lung tissue were significantly increased. Compared with LPS group, OI and IL-10 levels in lung tissue were significantly increased in LPS+Ac2-26 group, while W/D ratio, pathological score, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO levels in lung tissue were significantly decreased. These results indicated that ANXA1 can improve the oxygenation capacity, improve lung tissue leakage, reduce edema, and inhibit lung tissue inflammation in rats with lung injury. Compared with LPS+Ac2-26 group, the LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group showed significant decreases in OI and lung tissue IL-10 level [OI (mmHg, 1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 132.16±24.00 vs. 248.67±18.70, IL-10 (ng/L): 27.30±3.04 vs. 36.10±3.92, both P < 0.05], the lung tissue W/D ratio, pathological score and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO were significantly increased [W/D ratio: 5.29±0.02 vs. 4.83±0.02, pathological score: 5.00±0.28 vs. 2.67±0.52, TNF-α (ng/L): 39.80±4.36 vs. 32.10±2.15, IL-1β (ng/L): 200.00±15.68 vs. 152.60±9.74, IL-6 (ng/L): 181.50±18.02 vs. 148.50±7.34, MDA (mmol/mg): 82.01±8.22 vs. 70.43±5.69, MPO (pg/mg): 6.50±0.32 vs. 4.60±0.56, all P < 0.05]. These results suggested that WRW4 could block the above improvement of ANXA1. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression of eNOS, iNOS and NF-κB in LPS group was significantly up-regulated. Compared with LPS group, the protein expression of eNOS in LPS+Ac2-26 group was significantly up-regulated (eNOS/β-actin: 0.25±0.01 vs. 0.14±0.01, P < 0.05), and the protein expression of iNOS and NF-κB was significantly down-regulated (iNOS/β-actin: 0.09±0.02 vs. 0.12±0.02, NF-κB/β-actin: 0.35±0.06 vs. 0.59±0.13, both P < 0.05). These findings suggested that ANXA1 might activate the eNOS pathway and down-regulate the expression of NF-κB. Compared with LPS+Ac2-26 group, the protein expression of eNOS in LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group was significantly down-regulated (eNOS/β-actin: 0.17±0.02 vs. 0.25±0.01, P < 0.05), while the protein expression of iNOS and NF-κB was significantly up-regulated (iNOS/β-actin: 0.12±0.02 vs. 0.09±0.02, NF-κB/β-actin: 0.52±0.10 vs. 0.35±0.06, both P < 0.05). These results suggested that WRW4 blocked the activation of the eNOS pathway by ANXA1. ANXA1 can improve lung injury associated with sepsis by activating FPR2-dependent eNOS pathway.

Main findings from the use of ozone therapy alone or combined with conventional treatments in root canal treatment: a systematic review

Introduction: The positive effects of ozone on biological properties include antimicrobial, immunostimulating, and biosynthetic impacts used in the treatment and maintenance of good oral hygiene. Ozone results in alteration in the metabolism of cells by raising the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues which improves the transporting capacity of oxygen in the blood. Ozone causes more blood supply to the ischemic zones due to surgical interventions like tooth extractions and implant placement. In this context of decontamination of root and periapical canals, ozone has emerged as an important sanitizer. Objective: It was to develop a systematic review of the literature to list the main findings of the use of ozone therapy alone or combined with conventional treatments in the treatment of root canals. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from March to June 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 122 articles were found, 35 articles were evaluated in full and 11 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 25 studies with a high risk of bias and 22 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies did not show homogeneity in their results, with X2=88.5%&lt;50%. Results and Conclusion: It is concluded that ultrasonic and sonic ozone activation resulted in less pain in patients undergoing single-session endodontics compared to no ozone treatment. Ozonated olive oil with zinc oxide and olive oil paste with zinc oxide demonstrated good clinical and radiographic success for pulpectomy of primary teeth. Furthermore, low-intensity laser and ozone therapy are useful methods for postoperative pain in vital symptomatic teeth, but they are not superior to each other.

Capturing The Effect of Iron Intake on The Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women

Iron is one of the important components of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells from the lungs to all body tissues. The concentration of hemoglobin indicates the level of iron sufficiency or deficiency. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, resulting in reduced oxygen capacity in red blood cells for organs. In pregnant women, anemia is still a frequent nutritional problem. Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of complications in pregnancy and childbirth. The method used in writing this article is a literature review of journals from 2019 to 2024. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the effect of iron intake on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The results of the articles reviewed show that there is an effect of iron intake on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Iron intake can increase hemoglobin levels to reach normal values. In maximizing iron absorption, vitamin C intake is also good to consume to help the iron absorption process. So it can be concluded that consuming food intake containing iron can increase hemoglobin production in pregnant women, which can reduce the risk of childbirth such as premature birth and low birth weight (LBW) in infants.

High molecular oxygen activation capacity of carbon defective g-C3N5 for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in water

In this study, a carbon deficient g-C3N5 for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in water was prepared by thermal polymerization at 600 °C followed by hydrothermal at 180 °C for 12 h, and named CN600-12. The variation of XRD patterns in the physical phase characterization combined with calculations for energy bands in density functional theory (DFT) presents a method for analyzing defects in g-C3N5. The degradation efficiency of CN600-12 on different antibiotics and dyes reached 90% within 90 min, proving its excellent universal applicability. In addition, the prepared CN600-12 has superior stability and environmental friendliness. The burst experiments and ESR data reflect the high yields of oxygenated reactive groups (·O2– and 1O2). The oxygen adsorption capacity of the materials was calculated by combining DFT, the effect of defect configuration on oxygen adsorption was analyzed, and photoelectrochemical characterization explored their photogenerated carrier separation ability. The results show that introducing carbon defects improves the adsorption capacity of the material for oxygen. At the same time, improving the energy band structure and the separation of photogenerated carriers give the material a strong activation capacity for molecular oxygen. This study provides a feasible reference for solving the problem of antibiotic pollution in water bodies.

Evaluation of two CaMn1−x−yTixFeyO3−δ-based granules oxygen carriers for chemical looping applications

Upscaling of the laboratory oxygen carriers while keeping comparable performance as laboratory powders remains a challenge in the field of chemical looping combustion (CLC). In this work, two perovskite compositions of CaMn0.375Ti0.5Fe0.125O3 (termed CMTF8341) and CaMn0.5Ti0.375Fe0.125O3 (CMTF8431) have been fabricated by means of spray granulation. The fabricated granules were evaluated by redox cycles under CLC conditions and showed comparable performance with laboratory-prepared powders, i.e. high oxygen transfer capacity and fast redox kinetics. Under chemical looping oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) conditions, it has been found that steam leads to a slower kinetics and lower oxygen transfer capacity for these two compositions. When it comes to sulphur effect on the oxygen carriers, redox cycles with deep reduction showed no influence with H2S since the CaSO4 formed in air decompose but it affected the materials under mild CLOU due to calcium sulphate formed under such condition. Nonetheless, redox performance can be recovered by deep reduction with an enhanced oxygen capacity. These two oxygen carriers showed no degradation as compared to other tested minerals in the field of CLC. Microstructure analyses from SEM showed high degree of structure integrity after redox cycles at temperatures up to 1050 °C for the CMTF8341. Good mechanical strength was evidenced from cold attrition test, and the lifetime of the two granules was also predicted based on a standard reference.

Investigations of Differential Hypoxemia During Venoarterial Membrane Oxygenation with and Without Impella Support

PurposeVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is used in patients with refractory cardiac or cardio-pulmonary failure. Native ventricular output interacts with VA ECMO flow and may hinder sufficient oxygenation to the heart and the brain. Further on, VA ECMO leads to afterload increase requiring ventricular unloading. The aim of the study was to investigate aortic blood flow and oxygenation for various ECMO settings and cannula positions with a numerical model.MethodsFour different aortic cannula tip positions (ascending aorta, descending aorta, abdominal aorta, and iliac artery) were included in a model of a human aorta. Three degrees of cardiac dysfunction and VA ECMO support (50%, 75% and 90%) with a total blood flow of 6 l/min were investigated. Additionally, the Impella CP device was implemented under 50% support condition. Blood oxygen saturation at the aortic branches and the pressure acting on the aortic valve were calculated.ResultsA more proximal tip orientation is necessary to increase oxygen supply to the supra-aortic and coronary arteries for 50% and 75% support. During the 90% support scenario, proper oxygenation can be achieved independently of tip position. The use of Impella reduces afterload by 8–17 mmHg and vessel oxygenation is similar to 50% VA ECMO support. Pressure load on the aortic valve increases with more proximal tip position and is decreased during Impella use.ConclusionsWe present a simulation model for the investigation of hemodynamics and blood oxygenation with various mechanical circulatory support systems. Our results underline the intricate and patient-specific relationship between extracorporeal support, cannula tip orientation and oxygenation capacity.

BaCoO2 with Tetrahedral Cobalt Coordination: The Missing Element to Understand Energy Storage and Conversion Applications in BaCoO3-δ-Based Materials.

Barium-cobaltate-based perovskite (BaCoO3-δ) and barium-cobaltate-based nanocomposites have been intensively studied in energy storage and conversion devices mainly due to flexible oxygen stoichiometry and tunable nonprecious transition metal oxidation states. Although a rich and complex family of structural polymorphs has already been reported for these perovskites in the literature, the potential structural evolution that may occur during the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction has not been investigated so far. In this study, we synthesized and characterized the lowest Co-oxidation state possible in the compound, BaCoO2, which exhibits a quartz-derived, trigonal structure with a helicoidally corner-sharing, CoO4-tetrahedral-framework as already proposed by Spitsbergen et al. Oxygen can reversibly be inserted in such a crystal structure to form BaCoO3-δ, i.e., with 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1, based on the results of an in situ coupled thermogravimetric - neutron diffraction study and which presents therefore giant oxygen capacity storage due to the extreme tunability of the electronic configuration of the cobalt cations which defines the fundamental origins of the materials performance. The reversible conversion of BaCoO2 to BaCoO3-δ associated with a similar electronic conductivity above 900 K permits to clarify the high potential of BaCoO3-δ-based energy storage and conversion devices.

Chlorin e6-Conjugated Mesoporous Titania Nanorods as Potential Nanoplatform for Photo-Chemotherapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has developed as an efficient strategy for cancer treatment. PDT involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by light irradiation after activating a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of O2. PS-coupled nanomaterials offer additional advantages, as they can merge the effects of PDT with conventional enabling-combined photo-chemotherapeutics effects. In this work, mesoporous titania nanorods were surface-immobilized with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) conjugated through 3-(aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane as a coupling agent. The mesoporous nanorods act as nano vehicles for doxorubicin delivery, and the Ce6 provides a visible light-responsive production of ROS to induce PDT. The nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, DRS, FTIR, TGA, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K, and TEM. The obtained materials were tested for their singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generation capacity using fluorescence assays. In vitro cell viability experiments with HeLa cells showed that the prepared materials are not cytotoxic in the dark, and that they exhibit photodynamic activity when irradiated with LED light (150 W m-2). Drug-loading experiments with doxorubicin (DOX) as a model chemotherapeutic drug showed that the nanostructures efficiently encapsulated DOX. The DOX-nanomaterial formulations show chemo-cytotoxic effects on Hela cells. Combined photo-chemotoxicity experiments show enhanced effects on HeLa cell viability, indicating that the conjugated nanorods are promising for use in combined therapy driven by LED light irradiation.