Capacity Development Processes Research Articles

Understanding the capacity development of faculty development programs: a sequential explanatory mixed methods study

BackgroundFaculty development programs can bring about both individual and organizational capacity development by enhancing individuals’ attitudes, values, and skillsto enable them to implement organizational change. Understanding how faculty development programs produce capacity development, and the influencing factors, requires further understanding. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of the participants of a faculty development program about the capacity development features of the program and the influencing factors.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. Faculty members were surveyed about their perspectives on capacity development of faculty development. Subsequently, 22 interviews were conducted with the respondents to deepem understanding of the survey results. Interview transcripts underwent conventional content analysis.ResultsA total of 203 completed the questionnaire. Most of the faculty highly agreed that the faculty development programs had produced capacity development. The combined data identified (a) “quality of faculty development programs”, underscoring the significance of robust and comprehensive initiatives, (b) “development in instruction”, emphasizing the importance of continuous improvement in pedagogical approaches (c) “development in professionalism”, highlighting the necessity for cultivating a culture of professionalism among faculty members, (d) “development in attitude towards education”, emphasizing the role of mindset in fostering effective teaching practices, and (e) “supporting faculty development programs”, with fostering organizational growth and innovation. Important barriers and facilitators of the capacity development process included several organizational, interpersonal, and individual factors.ConclusionThe study identified specific features of the capacity development process in the context of a faculty development program and highlighted the importance of these programs in producing changes in both individuals and within the wider organizational system. Several factors that enabled and constrained the capacity development process were also identified. The findings of the study can inform future implementation of faculty development programs for capacity development.

Organizational Capacity Building in Disability Empowerment by UPT Sentra Wirajaya Makassar

Capacity Building is a set of activities in which individuals (individuals, organizations, communities, or nation-states) develop the ability to effectively take part in governance. This study aims to see how organizational capacity development has been implemented by UPT Sentra Wirajaya Makassar in terms of disability empowerment in the city of Makassar. The population in this study is employees at the UPT Sentra Wirajaya Makassar Office. Interview guidelines. Data used to be analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that: 1) Monitor the external environment to identify needs and opportunities for organizational change, has run optimally because UPT sentra wirajaya has been able to develop organizational capacity in terms of monitoring external trends to develop its strategy. 2) Review the organization's strategy, where this strategy works well because the organization has carried out job training that is in direct contact for people with disabilities. 3) Identify capacity needs and plan for capacity development, namely initial monitoring The assessment at this stage has run optimally because it has been deeply carried out by social workers to find out the self-development needs of people with disabilities from various aspects. 4) Negotiate external support forms of external cooperation of the organization have not run optimally to external parties. 5) Implement and manage the capacity development process is already running a good SOP. Where the organization is based on the Constitution on persons with disabilities. 6) Monitor and evaluate the capacity development process Regular monitoring and evaluation of the capacity building process in relation to changes in organizational priorities has been carried out well.

Sustainable management of small-town water supply in Nepal: improvement through the multi-stage training mechanism

ABSTRACT In Nepal, a project to sustain a safe water supply for small towns was executed in 68 towns, each with distinctive water sources and topographical situations. This project adopted two approaches to establish a standardized capacity development process for small-town water supplies. The first approach, the Management Model, consists of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and business planning. The second approach, termed the Support Model, entails a comprehensive system for training, monitoring, and evaluating water supply management. Throughout the project, a total of 31 SOPs pertaining to operation, maintenance, and facility rehabilitation manuals were developed. Moreover, four courses consisting of training, basic and on-site training, and interactive workshops were conducted. Consequently, the data deficiency rate reduced significantly by 61%, while 87% of water samples met water quality standards. In contrast, the operating ratio and water production rates improved by 17 and 29%, respectively. The materials produced from these models are expected to contribute to small-town water supply systems beyond the pilot sites. This is due to the versatility of the model for future applications. Although the project was effectively implemented, continuous support for small-town water supply by the Government of Nepal is needed for future sustainability.

Unleashing capacity in the water sector: A framework for public entities

ABSTRACT Capacity development in the water sector is crucial to achieving universal, adequate, sustainable, and resilient services. It has been broadly recognized as a priority, connected with governance and management of water resources and water and sanitation services. Through a scoping review including 153 scientific articles and 103 other documents, complemented with a consultation of experts, this article presents how the concept of ‘capacity development’ has evolved, what levels it consists of, and which are the key elements of success for effective capacity development processes. The article finds that most existing frameworks do not conduct any in-depth analysis of the determinants that define capacity at different levels and that there is no specific framework for public water-related entities. To address this gap, a dedicated capacity development framework is proposed for the public water sector, defining the key determinants to be pondered in the analysis of the situation at different levels and types of interventions to achieve outcomes at each level. The framework will enable practitioners and policymakers to acknowledge the complexity and develop more systematic work on capacity development in water through various types of interventions that can support them.

Civil Servant and Expert Perspectives on Drivers, Values, Challenges and Successes in Adopting Systems Thinking in Policy-Making

The use of systems thinking (ST) to handle complexity and wicked policy problems is gaining traction in government and the Civil Service, but policy-makers and civil servants can encounter several challenges in practice. How best to support them in understanding and applying ST in policy-making is not well understood. This study aims to explore civil servant and expert perspectives on the drivers and values of ST and the challenges, successes and solutions for its adoption in policy-making. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 civil servants across 17 UK government departments, agencies and public bodies, and 5 experts skilled in supporting ST use in policy-making. Via thematic analysis, we identified the values, challenges and successes interviewees experienced when implementing ST and their definitions of the term systems thinking. Civil servants were drawn into an ST approach by their academic training and exposure to it in their previous role(s), workshops, networking events and apprenticeships and through appreciating its values. Civil servants provided various interpretations of ST concepts and values with a strong emphasis on ‘complexity’ and ‘interrelationship’. Our analysis identified eight challenge themes for the implementation of ST in policy-making, including (i) ST language and interpretation, (ii) the policy landscape, (iii) government structure and operation, (iv) methodology and technical aspects, (v) capacity and expertise, (vi) conceptualisation, expectations and buy-in, (vii) stakeholders, engagement and collaboration and (viii) evaluation and evidence. Despite the high interest in ST among civil servants across different policy areas within the UK government and the Civil Service, implementation is challenging. Recommendations for implementation include ST language in policy, systems leadership, policy-specific capacity development and evaluation processes for collecting evidence of impacts.

XÂY DỰNG BỘ CÔNG CỤ ĐÁNH GIÁ QUÁ TRÌNH TRONG DẠY HỌC MÔN KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN LỚP 6 Ở TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ

Formative assessment is an important activity in the teaching process. In particular, in order to carry out process assessment, it is necessary to build a toolkit for assessing competencies in general and specific competencies through subject teaching in particular. It is considered a necessary and meaningful task to ensure success when implementing the 2018 General Education Program. The article mentions issues related to formative assessment such as purpose, content, timing, methods and tools, requirements, and principles of assessment. On the basis of the proposed natural science competency framework, a toolkit for assessing this capacity development process has been designed based on a 6-step process in teaching grade 6 Natural Science in secondary schools.

Facilitation of Entrepreneurial Discovery Processes by Policymakers: an Actionable Definition of Roles and Challenges

The objective of this paper is to contribute to the academic literature with an actionable framework of the roles of policy makers in entrepreneurial discovery processes (EDP) in the context of smart specialisation strategies (S3). The methodology used to define such roles is action research and, consequently, they are the result of learning and negotiation between policy makers and other territorial stakeholders facilitated by action researchers. The case study is based in the Bilbao Next Lab project (Bilbao, Basque region, Spain) where this methodology was chosen because policy makers wanted to explore EDP through collaborative governance. The key findings have been integrated in a framework named as the six roles of facilitative policymakers in EDPs. Its actionability is visible in the connection of the framework with the dilemmas, difficulties, and problems faced by policy makers when facilitating EDP processes. The framework is presented together with a discussion on the relevance of including tailored capacity development processes for policymakers as part of the EDP. The paper concludes with a final reflection on how the need for a facilitative role of policymakers also requires a transformation of research methodologies by social researchers.

Governing river rehabilitation projects for transformative capacity development

Abstract River rehabilitation projects are framed as water security interventions in South Africa. They aim to address water quality and water quantity issues, as well as to improve socio-ecological relationships. These projects acknowledge the value of capacity building and social learning in enhancing water security. However, they adopt different governance approaches and hence have different knowledge construction and capacity building outcomes. This paper employs a ‘governmentality’ framework to analyse the capacity development processes within three river rehabilitation projects in Durban, South Africa. The analysis revealed that the three projects, with their different governmentalities, produced different capacity development modalities, which are utilised to sustain ‘the object of intervention’ in each river rehabilitation project. However, despite these differences, information as the currency of action; the context or site of learning; the importance of building state–citizen relationships; and the need for bridges or intermediaries, emerged as common elements which support capacity building and knowledge sharing across all three projects.

Developing students' mathematical competence through equipping them with necessary knowledge about metacognition- and activities in teaching mathematics in secondary school

Metacognition theory has been interested in research since the 70s of the twentieth century in the world. It can be seen that the thinking process, perception and metacognition of students and mathematical competence is one of the focus of research on mathematics education. However, the problem that is always interested by researchers in mathematics education is how to develop mathematical competence? What factors influence this capacity development process? How to support students to become better math problem solvers, especially in math? To find solutions to the problems posed above, a number of studies in the world and in Vietnam have focused on the relationship between metacognition and problem solving; At the same time, find ways to apply metacognition in the process of teaching mathematics. This study focuses on the goal of developing learners' competencies; Especially for the goal of developing mathematical competence for high school students through Mathematics, there is a need to research and exploit the thinking and cognitive factors in learning Mathematics to find solutions to overcome these problems.

An Empirical Investigation of Knowledge Processes in Absorptive Capacity Development

Studies on absorptive capacity development in firms have provided extensive evidence of the important role of knowledge processes and new knowledge development. In spite of this importance and the critical role of absorptive capacity in firms’ performance, we are less clear about the micro processes of absorptive capacity development and particularly about the role of knowledge processes and knowledge development at project level. Therefore, this paper reports an in-depth case study of the process of absorptive capacity development in an automaker and in the course of four product innovation projects. Findings suggest that absorptive capacity develops step by step as knowledge processes co-evolve with new knowledge development across different levels of product architecture. Furthermore, this study finds that such maturation of absorptive capacity includes the development of different routines of absorptive capacity across a series of product innovation projects.

The Analysis of Obstacles to the Capacity Development of Gardening Exploitation in Rural Areas (Case Study: Padena Olya Dehestan of Semirom County)

Purpose- The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the obstacles to capacity development in gardening exploitations of the villages of Padena Olya in Semirom County. Design/methodology/approach- The present study has been done with causal -descriptive research method and the data has been completed using questionnaire and interview tools. In addition, 273 samples were chosen (using Cochran formula) from the family farming of Padena Olya Village as the statistical population and it has been completed by the random sampling method. Data analysis is done using both quantitative method, including descriptive and inferential statistics (path analysis and structural equation modeling using Amos Graphic software), and qualitative method, including Atlas software. Findings- The analysis of qualitative findings based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups showed that the main obstacles related to capacity development are of social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Data coding based on the grounded theory also showed the most important obstacles in marketing categories, the environmental obstacles, the obstacles of participation, also and educational and promotional obstacles. Finally, the quantitative data analysis using structural equation modeling, in addition to the obstacles presented in the qualitative model, has estimated production capacities and empowerment as mediating variables in the final model of capacity development obstacles in the study area. The economic obstacles with 0.33 and environmental obstacles with 0.17 have the greatest effect on the lack of capacity development of the exploitations in the study area, respectively. Research limitations/implications - They include the lack of cooperation of relevant organizations in the presentation of information, as well as the low interest of operators to participate in the interview and cooperation to collect the qualitative data which led to an increase in the duration of attendance within the study area, held more group sessions, and thus slowed down the process of study. Practical implications- We propose a plan for increasing government support to gardener in various affaires, such as increasing the share of insurance premiums. It is also advisable to attempt to determine the fair price or the guarantee purchase of the gardeners' products and create cooperatives to manage the sales and marketing of the product to remove the brokers and dealers. Originality/value- The present study stresses the capacity development process of horticulture through identifying and analyzing the effects of obstacles and capacity building and empowerment of farmers. This research explores the hidden variables and the barriers to capacity development in gardening exploitations.

Future and changing roles of staff in distance education: a study to identify training and professional development needs

The roles of distance education teaching staff are changing, necessitating role clarity and the development of appropriate competency frameworks. This article investigates the perceptions of the teaching and research staff at the University of South Africa, regarding the current and future roles of distance educators, their own competencies in each role and training that they require in order to address competencies required in these future roles. This research forms part of a larger project that focuses on capacity and continuous professional development processes that are necessary to train staff to be prepared for these changing roles. A quantitative web-based survey was sent to all academic (teaching and research) staff at the University of South Africa. Key results indicate that competencies in the roles of technology and instructional design have emerged as crucial for distance educators, and that future training programmes need to be developed to support these areas.

Celebrating indigenous communities compassionate traditions.

Living in a compassionate community is not a new practice in First Nations communities; they have always recognized dying as a social experience. First Nations hold extensive traditional knowledge and have community-based practices to support the personal, familial, and community experiences surrounding end-of-life. However, western health systems were imposed and typically did not support these social and cultural practices at end of life. In fact, the different expectations of western medicine and the community related to end of life care has created stress and misunderstanding for both. One solution is for First Nations communities to develop palliative care programs so that people can receive care at home amongst their family, community and culture. Our research project "Improving End-of-Life Care in First Nations Communities" (EOLFN) was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [2010-2015] and was conducted in partnership with four First Nations communities in Canada (see www.eolfn.lakeheadu.ca). Results included a community capacity development approach to support Indigenous models of care at end-of-life. The workshop will describe the community capacity development process used to develop palliative care programs in First Nations communities. It will highlight the foundation to this approach, namely, grounding the program in community values and principles, rooted in individual, family, community and culture. Two First Nations communities will share stories about their experiences developing their own palliative care programs, which celebrated cultural capacity in their communities while enhancing medical palliative care services in a way that respected and integrated with their community cultural practices. This workshop shares the experiences of two First Nations communities who developed palliative care programs by building upon community culture, values and principles. The underlying model guiding development is shared.

Developing community apalliative care programs using a capacity building approach: the Northwestern Ontario experience.

Northwestern Ontario, Canada, is a large, sparsely populated geographic area with many small rural and remote communities. Most health services are delivered by primary care generalists. The goal of the North West LHIN Regional Palliative Care Program (RPCP) with St. Joseph's Care Group is to create an integrated system of palliative care accessible to all individuals in Northwestern Ontario who would benefit from a palliative approach, regardless of location, prognosis, or diagnosis. To achieve this goal and increase access to palliative care at the primary care level, the RPCP has used the Kelley Community Capacity Development Model to guide their process of developing palliative care programs in 8 different rural communities. In each community, a local community facilitator is identified and a palliative care committee is established. Subsequently, other community members and health care providers with an interest in death, dying, loss, and bereavement are engaged in a local workshop to discuss their community's strengths, identify areas of improvement, and develop a plan to implement their local palliative care program. Throughout, the RPCP team acts as a resource for the Kelley capacity development process, introduces tools and resources that have been created to support this work, and shares lessons learned from other communities. At the conference, rural community facilitators will share their experiences engaging their communities and highlight accomplishments in developing palliative care. Participants will discover how the Kelley community capacity building approach can mobilize rural, remote, and northern communities and improve access to a palliative approach to care. The North West LHIN RPCP has used the Kelley Community Capacity Development Model to guide development of palliative care programs in eight different rural communities. This workshop will describe the process, introduce tools that have been created to support this work, and share lessons learned from communities.

A Study of Linkage Cooperation and Sustainable Development for Capacity Development

인재양성은 협력국의 지속적인 발전을 위해서 매우 중요하다. 특히 대학의 역량(capacity)개발은 인재양성의 핵심이자, 국가발전의 토대다. 대학은 구성원의 역량, 내부 조직 운영, 시설 및 인프라 구축을 기반으로 발전한다. 이는 UNDP의 역량개발인 개인(individual), 조직(organizational), 그리고 경(enabling environment) 수준으로 설명된다. 특히, 역량개발은 개인은 물론 기관의 지속가능한 발전을 견인하므로, 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)시대에 더욱 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 역량개발을 위한 지속가능한 발전 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 라오스 교육개발협력 사례를 분석하였다. 사례분석 결과, 대학의 발전을 위해 설립부터 발전전략을 마련했고, 전략에 의거하여 협력사업을 추진했다. 이러한 협력사업을 연계협력하여 개인 및 조직의 역량개발에 기여했고, 결국 지속가능한 발전의 토대를 구축했다. 라오스 교육개발협력 사업은 연계협력과 지속가능한 발전이 상호 시너지 효과를 거두는 협력 네트워크 모델의 좋은 사례다.It is very important for human resources development to develop sustainable of partner country. Specially, capacity development of university is a key of human resource development and it become on base the development of nation. The university is to develop through based on the facility and infra, capacity of staffs and effective management etc. This case corresponds with UNDP’s capacity development process such as individual, organizational, and enabling environment. This capacity development will prospect more important in SDGs era because it engage with the sustainable development of individual and institutions. The purpose of this study is to effective development cooperation to suggestion the sustainable development through capacity development. For this, the author analyzed case study of educational development cooperation in Lao PDR. In result, Souphanouvong University set up the development strategy from the beginning stage and implemented the cooperation project according to strategy. These cooperation project contributed on capacity development of individual and organizational through linkage each other, and finally, it formed the basis of sustainable development. This case study shows the best practice of cooperation network model for synergy effect between linkage cooperation and sustainable development.

Mathematical Model of Worker Productivity

Using the mathematics method, comprehensive, thorough and scientific research ability of survival and development of the people. Human capacity development process is complex and changeable, but in a deductive model of a comprehensive summary of the six operational status of worker productivity. From model can be obtained in any human society in time and space, the production capability of laborers forms, construction principle, conclusions of scientific development. On the development of human society has very important theoretical and practical significance.

Coming Home to Die: Six Nations of the Grand River Territory Develops Community-Based Palliative Care

This paper describes the development and implementation of a community-based palliative care program in Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario. Six Nations innovative program is grounded in their vision to provide access to quality palliative care at home and incorporate Haudenosaunee Traditional teachings. A community Project Advisory Committee led the development process, and a Leadership Team of local and regional palliative care partners led implementation. Using participatory action research, academic researchers supported activities and facilitated data collection and evaluation. Outcomes included: creation of a Palliative Shared Care Outreach Team, including a First Nation’s physician, nurse and social worker; development of a detailed care pathway for clients who need palliative care; increased home deaths (55) as compared to hospital (22) or hospice deaths (6); access to palliative care education and mentorship for local health care providers; incorporation of Traditional teachings to support clients and staff around death, dying, grief and loss; and creation of a palliative care program booklet for Six Nations Health Services. This unique initiative reduces disparities in access to quality palliative home care and demonstrates that First Nations communities can successfully undertake a process of community capacity development to create unique and culturally responsive palliative care programs. Challenges included overcoming federal and provincial jurisdictional issues in provision of health services through collaborative partnerships at the local and regional level.

Multilevel governance and fisheries commons: Investigating performance and local capacities in rural Bangladesh

This study presents a post-facto evaluation of the local capacity development processes used under co-management of fisheries and other resources of southern Bangladesh. It answers the question of how supportive were the capacity development tools used in implementing co-management. An 18 month study was conducted and six cases were investigated to understand the approaches to co-management programs used to develop local capacity. Founded in pragmatism and viewing co-management through a governance lens, a comparative case study method was used that combined both qualitative and quantitative research approaches for data collection and subsequent analysis. This study provides empirical evidence that co-management programs have applied a number of strategies (e.g. human resource and economic development) to enhance local capacities. However, these strategies have achieved mixed results with regard to developing governance that supports livelihoods. Training provided to develop human resources and economic capacity were not useful for fishers or had little lasting effects on fisheries development due to poor monitoring and a disconnection with the needs of local users. This study concludes that comanagement can facilitate local capacity but in order to realize the full potential of this approach we must address the issues of inappropriate technologies for training, the financial barriers to fishers with low cash income, and uneven power relationships among stakeholders, to create an enabling environment for effective modern governance of the fisheries commons. Our findings indicate a needsbased approach to capacity building is needed in order to support the livelihoods of local users through co-management

A prescription for sustaining community engagement in malaria elimination on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu: an application of Health Empowerment Theory.

BackgroundCommunity engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. Community engagement in malaria elimination (ME) on Aneityum Island has been sustained since its introduction in the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population has led to a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for the innovative community actions and capacity development efforts taken to realize and sustain meaningful changes in well-being. This study used the HET framework to investigate participant perceptions of ME efforts on the island focusing on two HET elements, personal and social-contextual resources. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of empowerment as a critical element of community engagement.MethodsSix focus group discussions, ten key informant interviews and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2012 on Aneityum. Both deductive and inductive approaches to qualitative content analysis were used to identify themes, which were condensed, coded and classified based on the HET elements above.ResultsAwareness and use of personal and social-contextual resources played an important role in ME efforts. Most participants shared their knowledge to prevent malaria reintroduction. Many participants reported their skills needed for behavioral maintenance, problem-solving or leadership. Participants who perceived a threat took preventive actions even in the dry season. Community leaders focused on second generation capacity development. A local health coalition provided ME services. Members of networks were sources of information and assistance. Face-to-face was the preferred method of communication. Barriers to engagement (e.g., financial difficulties, health literacy issues and underdeveloped infrastructure) were minimized through active collaboration and mutual assistance.ConclusionsIn the community engagement continuum, health empowerment develops incrementally overtime as people gain their knowledge and skills, form coalitions and develop collaborative networks (social capital) to make decisions and take action for change. Community engagement, which facilitates local personal and social-contextual resource development, has potential for ME and multilevel empowerment through community-based capacity development processes. These self-empowered communities have written and will continue to write a ‘prescription’ for sustaining high levels of engagement.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0779-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

WA22 "it's hard to watch people die for a living": embedding the palliative approach into the organisational culture of long term care homes using participatory action research.

Long term care homes (LTC) in Canada have become a major location of death with 20% or more residents dying each year. Given the increasing age and frailty of residents, this is soon expected to increase to 40%. LTC has struggled to incorporate care of the dying into their day to day practice and culture because death is often absent from formalised policy and protocols. This workshop will share resources created during a 5 year participatory action research project in Ontario, Canada that aimed to improve the quality of life of people who were dying in long term care homes. Through staff participation and empowerment, a process of organisational capacity development was undertaken. An extensive needs assessment was followed by creating an interprofessional palliative care resource team within each home. This team assessed the assets and gaps in their home and guided development of education, policy and clinical practices to address needs. Community partners with expertise in palliative care were engaged to support staff. A framework for palliative care in LTC integrates the palliative approach into the residents' journey from admission to death. Resources for organisational change were developed and organised into a toolkit that is unique to the LTC setting and context, and can be accessed at www.palliativealliance.ca The Quality Palliative Care in Long term Care Toolkit is the first of its kind in Canada. The toolkit can guide LTC management and staff through a process of culture change to incorporate a palliative approach to care.