Capacity Cost Research Articles

Cost Comparison of Prostatic Artery Embolization Between In-Hospital and Outpatient-Based Lab Settings.

Purpose This study aimed to determine the costs associated with prostatic artery embolization (PAE) performed in hospital and outpatient-based lab (OBL) settings. Methods Procedures were performed in similarly equipped procedure suites located within a tertiary hospital or OBL. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) was utilized to calculate procedural costs incurred by the institution. Process maps were created describing personnel, space, equipment, and materials. The time duration of each procedural step was recorded independently by a nurse caring for the patient at the time of the procedure, and mean values were included in our model. Using institutional and publicly available financial data, costs, and capacity cost rates were determined. Results Thirty-seven PAE procedures met inclusion criteria with a mean patient age of 70.4 (+/- 6.7) years and a mean prostate gland size of 129.7 (+/-56.4) cc. Twenty-six procedures were performed within the hospital setting, and 11 procedures were performed within the OBL. Reduction in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was not significantly different following hospital and OBL procedures (57.2% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.0796). Mean procedural time was not significantly different between the hospital and OBL settings (136.6 vs. 147.3 minutes, P = 0.1893). However, the duration between admission and discharge was significantly longer for procedures performed in a hospital (468.8 vs. 325.4 minutes, P <0.0001). Total costs for hospital-based procedures were marginally higher ($3,858.28 vs. $3,642.67). Conclusion Total PAE cost was similar between the hospital and OBL settings. However, longer periprocedural times for hospital-based procedures and differences in reimbursement may favor the performance of PAE in an OBL setting.

Optimal Multiple Wind Power Transmission Schemes Based on a Life Cycle Cost Analysis Model

Due to the high cost and complex challenges faced by offshore wind power transmission, economic research into offshore wind power transmission can provide a scientific basis for optimal decision-making on offshore wind power projects. Based on the analysis of the topology structure and characteristics of typical wind power transmission schemes, this paper compares the economic benefits of five different transmission schemes with a 3.6 GW sizeable onshore wind farm as the primary case. Research includes traditional high voltage alternating current (HVAC), voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC), a fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS), and two hybrid DC (MMC-LCC and DR-MMC) transmission scenarios. The entire life cycle cost analysis model (LCCA) is employed to thoroughly assess the cumulative impact of initial investment costs, operational expenses, and eventual scrap costs on top of the overall transmission scheme’s total cost. This comprehensive evaluation ensures a nuanced understanding of the financial implications across the project’s entire lifespan. In this example, HVAC has an economic advantage over VSC-HVDC in the transmission distance range of 78 km, and the financial range of a FFTS is 78–117 km. DR-MMC is better than the flexible DC delivery scheme in terms of transmission capacity, scalability, and offshore working platform construction costs in the DC delivery scheme. Therefore, the hybrid DC delivery scheme of offshore wind power composed of multi-type converters has excellent application prospects.

Magnesium hydrogen storage: Temperature control via particle swarm with nonlinear inertia strategy

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage has garnered significant attention in the field of hydrogen storage due to its notable advantages, including high hydrogen storage capacity and low material cost. However, the relatively high thermodynamic stability of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials necessitates heating the material to a specific temperature during the hydrogen charging and discharging processes, severely limiting the practical application and further development of this technology.Therefore, this paper aims to design a temperature control system for a magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage bottle. The system employs an optimized particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine PID parameters, enabling rapid preheating of the hydrogen storage bottle and maintaining a stable operating temperature. Furthermore, by incorporating an appropriate penalty function, the system effectively suppresses temperature overshoot, preventing adverse effects on hydrogen storage performance caused by transient high temperatures, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the hydrogen storage process.

Building landscape ecological network with multi-scenario connectivity based on network fault tolerance index and networking technology in graph theory

Existing methods for constructing Landscape Ecological Networks (LEN) either focus on functional attributes or structural attributes and also do not address the dynamic impact of urban development on ecological spaces. To address these limitations, this paper proposed evaluating the maximum connectivity (k) of potential LEN, composed of existing ecological spaces, using a network fault tolerance index. We then used graph-based networking technology to construct the optimal LEN structure based on this index. Specifically speaking, first, we identified the existing LEN with the highest ecosystem service capacity and lowest ecological cost in the study area. Using four landscape pattern metrics, we comprehensively evaluated the fault tolerance index as the maximum connectivity k of potential LEN and determined that k = 7. We then modeled the existing LEN as a weighted graph and transformed the network optimization problem into a k-edge addition problem. This calculation yielded seven LEN schemes, each corresponding to different priority orders of new ecological corridors based on k value. This index captures changes in ecological space patterns and offers diverse LEN optimization solutions. It provides practitioners with flexible spatial strategies to address the dynamic impacts of urbanization.

Diagnostic analysis of cancer based on machine learning

Cancer, as the second leading cause of death in the world, caused an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, accounting for one-sixth of all deaths. Early detection and early treatment is the best solution for cancer, and now, through machine learning methods, we can achieve accurate judgment of cancer so as to realize precise treatment and reduce the mortality rate of cancer. During this discussion, we will focus on the applications of machine learning methods to diagnose breast cancer, prostate cancer, oral cancer, which use machine learning methods including neural convolutional networks, K-clustering, support vector machine (SVM), and so on. As of now, machine learning has achieved better results than other methods, but due to the importance and complexity of cancer diagnosis and the cost of human computational capacity for diagnosis, we still hope to find a more accurate and effective method to realize the accurate judgment of cancer, and then introduce it into real-life applications.

Challenges and Strategies toward Manganese Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a beneficial complement to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage systems because of the abundant sodium resources. However, the relatively large ionic radius of Na+inevitably results in a huge volume change and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, which put forward higher requirements for electrode materials. Among the reported cathode materials for SIBs, the manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) with the merits of large channels for fast sodium ion transport, high theoretical capacity and low cost has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the recent achievements of MnHCF for SIBs are focused. The key challenges of MnHCF limiting the practical application include the interstitial water, vacancies, low electronic conductivity, and the Jahn‐Teller effect. Subsequently, the mainstream strategies to boost the sodium storage performance of MnHCF are summarized (such as structure regulation, surface coating, hybridization with carbon materials, and element substitution). Finally, the potential research directions are also proposed to promote the practical application of MnHCF for SIBs. This review is expected to provide a whole insight into exploring MnHCF cathode materials for SIBs.

Research on relay safety output control method based on BP neural network

With the continuous improvement and expansion of the metro network, the issues of train safety capacity, transportation effi-ciency and maintenance cost will become increasingly prominent. As an indispensable switching and controlling device of train safety control system, the health status of relay is the foundation of low-cost, high safety and efficient development of subway. This paper designs and proposes a BP neural network based relay safety output control method, this method utilizes BP neural net-work on the basis of improved two-take-two hardware structure to do fault prediction and safety state management with real-time retrieved detection signals, finally uploads operation and mainte-nance logs to the platform to guide subsequent fault trouble-shooting and maintenance.

The quality admission and price decisions of production capacity on the third‐party platform for shared manufacturing

AbstractMany third‐party platforms for shared manufacturing (platforms) have developed rapidly in recent years. The quality admission and pricing of production capacity are crucial issues for these platforms. This paper focuses on the platform supply chain composed of a platform, multiple manufacturers with surplus production capacity (sharers), and multiple manufacturers with insufficient production capacity (renters). Considering the impact of the production capacity quality on the shared scale and rental demand of production capacity, this paper constructs a game model for the platform supply chain under different quality admission scenarios, investigates the quality admission and price decisions of production capacity on the platform, and analyses the impact of the quality admission on the sharers’ and renters’ profits. The results show that the platform sets the quality admission when the sharers’ production capacity scale is small and the platform regulatory cost is low. The platform always increases its service price but may reduce the rental price of production capacity under the quality admission scenario. When the sharers’ production capacity scale is large, the platform lowers the threshold of quality admission with the quality elasticity of production capacity increasing. In addition, when the quality elasticity of production capacity and platform regulatory cost are low, and the sharers’ production capacity scale is small, the quality admission of the platform realizes the win–win–win situation for the platform, renters, and sharers.

The Cost of Impatience in Dynamic Matching: Scaling Laws and Operating Regimes

We study matching queues with abandonment. The simplest of these is the two-sided queue with servers on one side and customers on the other, both arriving dynamically over time and abandoning if not matched by the time their patience elapses. We identify nonasymptotic and universal scaling laws for the matching loss due to abandonment, which we refer to as the “cost of impatience.” The scaling laws characterize the way in which this cost depends on the arrival rates and the (possibly different) mean patience of servers and customers. Our characterization reveals four operating regimes identified by an operational measure of patience that brings together mean patience and utilization. The four regimes subsume the regimes that arise in asymptotic (heavy-traffic) approximations. The scaling laws, specialized to each regime, reveal the fundamental structure of the cost of impatience and show that its order of magnitude is fully determined by (i) a “winner-take-all” competition between customer impatience and utilization, and (ii) the ability to accumulate inventory on the server side. Practically important is that when servers are impatient, the cost of impatience is, up to an order of magnitude, given by an insightful expression where only the minimum of the two patience rates appears. Considering the trade-off between abandonment and capacity costs, we characterize the scaling of the optimal safety capacity as a function of costs, arrival rates, and patience parameters. We prove that the ability to hold inventory of servers means that the optimal safety capacity grows logarithmically in abandonment cost and, in turn, slower than the square-root growth in the single-sided queue. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01513 .

Improved assembly DC circuit breaker based on resonant current injection.

DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) with high breaking capacity and low cost are necessary for quick fault clearance in DC networks. The assembly DC circuit breakers (ADCCBs) have a main breaking section (MBS) and a sub-breaking sections (SBS) for each line, which greatly reduce the cost. But in conventional operation, it bears high voltage for a long time when there is a main switch grounding process in any line fault action. To address this problem, a multiport assembly circuit breaker based on current injection (CI-MPACB) is proposed, which is able to generate a resonant current with increasing amplitude by controlling the duty cycle of Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs). Then the resonant current is injected into the SBS to generate current zero crossing and arc extinction. A complex frequency domain circuit analysis is performed on the MBS to describe the action logic as well as the commutation characteristics. In addition, the parameters of each component of the MBS are subject to multiple constraints and reasonable design to ensure the fault current could be cut off quickly and reliably. The cost of existing design is greatly reduced due to the design idea of resonant current injection device parameter selection. Finally, a PSCAD/EMTDC simulation confirms the opening viability of CI-MPACB and the accuracy of the parameter design. The test results show that the designed CI-MPACB can cut off DC fault lines.

Impact of logistics capacity on duopoly competition: Implications for firms and consumers

AbstractPrice promotion is an effective way to capture market share, as consumer sensitivity to price is universal. Yet, consumer satisfaction with services‐such as logistics‐plays a critical role. Deep price discounts can indeed spike demand, but they can also congest systems, thus prolonging delivery times and diminishing consumer satisfaction. Despite observed significant effects of logistics capacity on consumer and firm payoffs in logistics systems in recent years, economic and operational analysis of these effects remains under explored. This study theoretically examines the influence of logistics capacity on competition between two firms using a refined Hotelling model that incorporates system congestion via a BPR‐type congestion function. Our primary findings include: First, the possibility of multiple equilibria emerges with intermediate product values, fueled by either unilateral price reductions to seize greater market share or price increases to enhance marginal benefits. Moreover, a firm with superior logistics capacity may not always set higher prices at equilibrium. Second, we show that equilibrium pricing exhibits a non‐monotonic relationship with logistics capacity and market size. Lastly, we scrutinize firms' long‐term strategic reactions to changes in logistics capacity and the implications of marginal capacity costs, symmetric or otherwise. Our findings provide the following insights. We caution that the equilibrium pricing strategy is ambiguous when the product value is not extreme because both firms are more likely to engage in random price wars. Intriguingly, while augmenting logistics capacity might elevate service satisfaction, it could paradoxically reduce firm revenue or consumer surplus. Our analysis also indicates that higher marginal capacity costs could, counter intuitively, benefit firms or consumers.

Unleashing the potential of sulfur-incorporated polymer framework composite for enhanced performance and stability of lithium-organosulfur batteries

Sulfur-containing polymer have emerged as a promising cathode material due to their high theoretical capacity, energy density and low cost. However, their commercial development is hindered by the shuttle effect and slow lithium-ion transport efficiency. Here, a novel sulfur-containing polymer framework material (1,4-NDC@S@PAA) was synthesized by using a solid-phase reaction method. The carbon skeleton of polyacrylic acid (PAA) is functionalized with both 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-NDC) and sulfur molecular clusters. By incorporating small molecules into the carbon skeleton, the lithium-ion transport channels within the electrode material are increased, resulting in improved performance. Compared to traditional vulcanized sulfur chain-type polymers, employing PAA as the main chain enhances stability during charge/discharge process. After 500 cycles at 1.0 C, the material demonstrates a modest average decay rate of 0.091% per cycle. Additionally, the introduction of 1,4-NDC constructs a molecular framework that facilitates rapid Li+ ions diffusion, leading to a two-order of magnitude increase of Li+ ions diffusion coefficient as high as 3.58×10−8 cm2 s−1 and excellent rate performance with a 721 mAh g−1 specific capacity at 5.0 C. This high-performance sulfur-containing polymer framework material holds great promise for advancing lithium-sulfur battery technology and addressing the limitations faced by traditional lithium-ion batteries.

A complete lean system design for team-oriented product development projects

PurposeThe inherent variability on process times and demand are the factors that prevent the efficient application of lean philosophy in multi-project product development (PD) environments. Considering this variability, a hybrid push–pull project control system is developed, and value stream costing (VSC) analysis is performed to reflect the relation between project lead time, capacity and project cost. The assessment of the push/pull project control on lead time improvement and long-term savings on capacity have been aimed with the proposed complete design structure.Design/methodology/approachIn a team-based structure, formed through clustering, push control techniques for planning tasks within cross-functional teams and pull control techniques for planning tasks between cross-functional teams are developed. The final step evaluates the proposed structure through VSC and long-term savings have been pointed out, especially in terms of freed-up capacity. For the validation of the proposed methodology, an office furniture manufacturing firm’s PD department has been considered and the performance of the hybrid system has been observed through simulation experiments and based on the simulation results, the lean system is evaluated by VSC.FindingsThe results of simulation experiments show a superior performance of the proposed hybrid push/pull project control mechanism under different settings of cycle time between projects or shortly project cycle time, dispatching rules within teams and variability levels. The results of the Box-Score (tool to apply VSC) indicate increased capacity in the long term to add extra projects during the planning period with the same project lead time and without additional cost.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough extensive simulation experiments have been performed to quantify the effect of project control structure and positive results have been reported on lead time and cost, the proposed design structure has not been tested in all existing PD environments.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, the quantification of the effect of hybrid project control with VSC is the first attempt to be applied in lean PD projects.

Enabling the Strengthened Structural and Interfacial Stability of High‐Nickel LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 Cathode by a Coating‐Doping‐Microstructure Regulation Three‐In‐One Strategy

AbstractHigh‐nickel layered cathodes exhibit great promise in advancing high‐energy‐density batteries owing to their significant advantages in high energy capacity and low cost, but they suffer severe structural and interfacial deterioration during cycling, resulting in safety risk and reduced cycle life. Herein, drawing inspiration from the low melting point infusion capability of Sb2Se3, a three‐pronged strategy aimed at simultaneously achieving coating on primary and secondary particles surface, Sb doping and elongated and slimed primary particle morphology is proposed and developed to fortify the structural and interfacial stability of high‐nickel LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM90) cathode. The “melted and infused” Sb2Se3 plays a beneficial role in the defensive effect on primary and secondary particle's surfaces, mitigating the interfacial deterioration. In addition, the enhanced structural stability is achieved by both Sb5+ doping and regulated primary particle morphology, contributing to the alleviated particle breakage and ultimately reinforced cycling stability. Consequently, the Sb2Se3‐NCM90 electrodes significantly improve cycling performance, which maintain higher capacity retentions of 96.6% at 4.3 V after 100 cycles and 80.2% at 1C/5C after 500 cycles. The proposed coating‐doping‐microstructure regulation three‐in‐one strategy for improving the cycling stability of high‐nickel NCM cathodes offers innovative ideas for the design and advancement of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.

Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes/Sulfide Electrolyte Interface in Solid-State Lithium Battery.

Because of the high specific capacity and low cost, Ni-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes are one of the most promising cathode candidates for the next high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, they face structure and interface instability challenges, especially the battery safety risk caused by using an intrinsic flammable organic liquid electrolyte. In this regard, a solid electrolyte with high safety is of great significance to promote the development of energy storage. Among them, sulfide electrolytes are considered to be the most potential substitutes for liquid electrolytes because of their high ionic conductivity and good processing properties. Nevertheless, the interfacial incompatibility between the sulfide electrolyte and NRLO cathode is the critical challenge for high-performance sulfide all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). In this review, we summarize the problems of the Ni-rich cathode/sulfide solid electrolyte interface and the strategies to improve the interface stability. On the basis of these insights, we highlight the scientific problems and technological challenges that need to be resolved urgently and propose several potential directions to further improve the interface stability. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful recommendations for the enhancement of the sulfide ASSLBs with NRLO cathode.

Multi-factor coupling optimization of heat recovery effectiveness in a transcritical CO2 heat pump

In the background of energy shortage and climate change, transcritical CO2 heat pump(HTP) technology has attracted lots of attention because of its energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. In this research, an experimentally verified simulation model of transcritical CO2 HTP is established to investigate multi-factor coupling optimization of heat recovery effectiveness(ηIHX). First, the coupling optimization mechanism of ηIHX and discharge pressure(pdis) is analyzed. Moreover, this research explores the influence of ηIHX on heating capacity, power consumption, discharge temperature(tdis), and internal heat exchanger(IHX) cost, and further proposes a comprehensive heat recovery index to optimize the above factors. Based on this index the optimal heat recovery effectiveness(ηIHX,opt) for each operating condition is obtained. Also, a failure boundary for the coupling optimization of the ηIHX is also indicated. In addition, the optimal discharge pressure(pdis,opt) prediction correlation for different ηIHXs is proposed, which can be used for heat recovery effectiveness collaborative optimization control. Finally, a general method for evaluating IHX is provided. Taking Xi'an as an example, the optimal heat recovery area(AIHX,opt) of this HTP system is 0.42m2, with which the optimized HTP system operates safely at extreme operating conditions, resulting in an annual lucre of 1,211 CNY.

Morphology, functional groups, and CO2 adsorption performance of Cu2(OH)PO4: Effects of synthesis conditions

Global warming, primarily driven by emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, has emerged as a widely acknowledged concern. Hence, the development of novel carbon capture materials with high capacity and low cost holds substantial practical significance. This study investigates the influence of aging time, pH, and copper salt on the synthesis of Cu2(OH)PO4 and its CO2 adsorption performance. Cu2(OH)PO4 adsorbents were synthesized under various aging time, pH, and copper salt conditions, and their morphology and surface functional groups were characterized. Experimental findings indicate that excessively prolonged or abbreviated aging times adversely affect the formation of distinct, discernible lamellar structures within the material. Different pH levels influence the stacking configuration of the lamellae, impacting both their thickness and size. Under acidic conditions, lamellae exhibit dispersed three-dimensional stacking; under neutral conditions, lamellae notably enlarge and demonstrate two-dimensional stacking; at pH 9, lamellae stack three-dimensionally and aggregate. Additionally, the CO2 adsorption performance of Cu2(OH)PO4 adsorbents synthesized with different copper salts varies. By examining the relationship between surface functional group content and CO2 adsorption capacity, we deduced the mechanism by which various synthesis conditions affect both surface functional groups and adsorption capacity. Cu2(OH)PO4 synthesized with a 24 h aging time, pH 7, and CuSO4 as the copper salt exhibits the highest CO2 adsorption capacity, achieving 1.006 mmol/g.

Application of porous carbon nanoelectrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract In order to achieve carbon neutrality and gradually improve the current global warming environmental situation, the world’s major research teams are committed to developing lithium-ion batteries with better performance, trying to use in various new energy facilities, such as electric vehicles, which can effectively reduce polluting gas emissions. Nowadays, many electrode materials that can improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries have been continuously emerging, such as carbon nanotubes and silicon-based nanomaterials. However, carbon nanotube electrode materials have the disadvantages of high irreversible capacity, voltage lag and high manufacturing cost, while silicon-based nanomaterials also have the drawbacks of volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity. Based on the mature research of carbon materials, extensive raw material sources and large reserves, completely non-toxic and low comprehensive cost, this research analyzes three new porous carbon nanoelectrode materials with high development potential, and shows their electrochemical performance advantages, such as high charge-discharge specific capacity, excellent rate performance, and low charge transfer impedance.

Modulating porous silicon-carbon anode stability: Carbon/silicon carbide semipermeable layer mitigates silicon-fluorine reaction and enhances lithium-ion transport

Silicon-based material is regarded as one of the most promising anodes for next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. Harnessing silicon carbide's robustness, we designed a novel porous silicon with a sandwich structure of carbon/silicon carbide/Ag-modified porous silicon (Ag-PSi@SiC@C). Different from the conventional SiC interface characterized by a frail connection, a robust dual covalent bond configuration, dependent on SiC and SiOC, has been successfully established. Moreover, the innovative sandwich structure effectively reduces detrimental side reactions on the surface, eases volume expansion, and bolsters the structural integrity of the silicon anode. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles contributes to an improvement in overall electron transport capacity and enhances the kinetics of the overall reaction. Consequently, the Ag-PSi@SiC@C electrode, benefiting from the aforementioned advantages, demonstrates a notably elevated lithium-ion mobility (2.4 * 10−9 cm2·s−1), surpassing that of silicon (5.1 * 10−12 cm2·s−1). The half-cell featuring Ag-PSi@SiC@C as the anode demonstrated robust rate cycling stability at 2.0 A/g, maintaining a capacity of 1321.7 mAh/g, and after 200 cycles, it retained 962.6 mAh/g. Additionally, the full-cell, featuring an Ag-PSi@SiC@C anode and a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, exhibits outstanding longevity. Hence, the proposed approach has the potential to unearth novel avenues for the extended exploration of high-performance silicon-carbon anodes for LIBs.

Double carbon layer matrix synergistically improved the zinc-ion storage performance of manganese oxide

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a hot topic in study owing to their abundance of zinc resources, environmental friendliness, high capacity, and low cost. Nevertheless, the majority of cathode materials utilized in AZIBs frequently exhibit suboptimal electrical conductivity and structural instability, which restrict their application in energy storage. Here, a carbon-coated manganese oxide anchored on carbon skeleton (MnO–C@C) hybrid was synthesized using a simple and scalable method. The electrical conductivity of MnO can be enhanced by the double carbon layer. The presence of carbon skeleton effectively inhibits the agglomeration phenomenon of MnO and exposes more active sites. Meanwhile, the interaction force between the coated carbon and MnO effectively increases the structural stability of MnO. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect, the MnO–C@C hybrid shows an exceptional specific capacity of 409 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and outstanding cycling stability of 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 (low decay rate of 0.0058 % per cycle). Besides, the reaction mechanisms are investigated via various characterizations. This work presents an inspired solution for developing manganese-based cathode materials in AZIBs.