Capacity Building Model Research Articles

Variations in processes for guideline adaptation: a qualitative study of World Health Organization staff experiences in implementing guidelines

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation (WHO) publishes a large number of clinical practice and public health guidelines to promote evidence-based practice across the world. Due to the variety of health system capacities and contextual issues in different regions and countries, adapting the recommendations in the guidelines to the local situation is vital for the success of their implementation. We aim to understand the range of experiences with guideline adaptation from the perspectives of those working in WHO regional and country offices. Our findings will inform development of guidance on how to improve adaptability of WHO guidelines.MethodsA grounded theory-informed, qualitative study was carried out between March 2018 and December 2018. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who included WHO guideline developers and staff in the headquarters, regional and country offices recruited from a sample of published WHO guidelines. Participants were eligible for recruitment if they had recent experience in clinical practice or public health guideline implementation. Deidentified transcripts of these interview were analysed through three cycles of coding.ResultsWe categorised the adaptation processes described by the participants into two dominant models along a spectrum of guideline adaptation processes. First, the Copy or Customise Model is a pragmatic approach of either copying or customising WHO guidelines to suit local needs. This is done by local health authorities and/or clinicians directly through consultations with WHO staff. Selections and adjustments of guideline recommendations are made according to what the implementers deemed important, feasible and applicable through the consensus discussions. Second, the Capacity Building Model focuses on WHO building local capacity in evidence synthesis methods and adaptation frameworks to support local development of a national guideline informed by international guidelines.ConclusionsIn comparing and contrasting these two models of guideline adaptation, we outline the different kinds of support from WHO that may be necessary to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the respective models. We also suggest clarifications in the descriptions of the process of guideline adaptation in WHO and academic literature, to help guideline adaptors and implementers decide on the appropriate course of action according to their specific circumstances.EthicsThis project was conducted with ethics approval from The University of Sydney (Project number: 2017/723) and WHO (Protocol ID: 00001).

Liberating Sovereign Potential: A Working Education Capacity Building Model for Native Nations

With culturally sustaining pedagogies gaining momentum in our evolving educational landscape, the political backdrop of sovereignty and the pursuit of self-determination through education for Indigenous peoples creates a truly unique leadership context. The purpose of this conceptual article is to introduce a working model for educational leaders in Native nations to liberate educational sovereignty by engaging in broad and dynamic systems thinking that centers on their nation’s cultural and governance systems. From this positionality, this model then calls for leaders to engage in the iterative work of (a) assessing the educational landscape and identifying community assets, (b) fostering professional growth across systems, and (c) engaging in ongoing systems development and alignment advocacy. Furthermore, this model calls for leaders to incorporate critical Indigenous education frameworks and philosophies into these efforts, as well as foster a healthy community of practice across all systems of education to cultivate conditions for ongoing learning and connectivity among professionals. Through these efforts, over time leaders in Native nations can increase their ability to liberate educational sovereignty by creating an army of change agents working to (re)center systems of learning around Native nation’s cultural and governance systems, and pull learning systems away from the assimilationist trajectory found in the status quo of settler-colonial education.

Resiliensi Bisnis Badan Usaha Milik Desa Pada Era Pandemi: Sebuah Pendekatan Studi Kasus

Resiliensi bisnis merupakan wujud bagaimana sebuah bangunan ekonomi bisa bertahan dan menyesuaikan diri dengan pemberdayaan BUMDesa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan untuk kesuksesan BUM Desa di Bali. Terdapat 455 BUMDesa di Bali yang bergerak dalam berbagai sektor produktif, sehingga pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif bersifat studi kasus. Pendekatan kuantitatif bersifat deskriptif dengan menampilkan data statistik berupa trend. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara kuota. Ada delapan kabupaten dan satu kota di Bali. Masing-masing akan diberikan kuota dengan melakukan random sampling di masing-masing Kabupaten/Kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana stimulus dan perencanaan bisnis menjadi model ketahanan bisnis bagi BUMDes. Kedua prasyarat tersebut yang seharusnya wajib dipenuhi bagi BUMDesa di Bali agar bisa tetap eksis dan menampakkan identitasnya di tengah-tengah situasi perekonomian dan keterpurukan saat ini.

Building resilient and responsive research collaborations to tackle antimicrobial resistance—Lessons learnt from India, South Africa, and UK

Research, collaboration, and knowledge exchange are critical to global efforts to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Different healthcare economies are faced with different challenges in implementing effective strategies to address AMR. Building effective capacity for research to inform AMR-related strategies and policies is recognised as an important contributor to success. Interdisciplinary, intersector, as well as international collaborations are needed to span global to local efforts to tackle AMR. The development of reciprocal, long-term partnerships between collaborators in high-income and in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) needs to be built on principles of capacity building. Using case studies spanning local and international research collaborations to codesign, implement, and evaluate strategies to tackle AMR, we have evaluated and build upon the ESSENCE criteria for capacity building in LMICs. The first case study describes the local codesign and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the state of Kerala in India. The second case study describes an international research collaboration investigating AMR surgical patient pathways in India, the UK, and South Africa. We describe the steps undertaken to develop robust, agile, and flexible AMS research and implementation teams. Notably, investing in capacity building ensured that the programmes described in these case studies were sustained through the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic. Describing the strategies adopted by a local and an international collaboration to tackle AMR, we provide a model for capacity building in LMICs that can support sustainable and agile AMS programmes.

The Palliative Care—Promoting Access and Improvement of the Cancer Experience (PC-PAICE) Project in India: A Multisite International Quality Improvement Collaborative

Mentors at seven U.S. and Australian academic institutions initially partnered with seven leading Indian academic palliative care and cancer centers in 2017 to undertake a program combining remote and in-person mentorship, didactic instruction, and project-based learning in quality improvement (QI). From its inception in 2017 to 2020, the Palliative Care—Promoting Accesst and Improvement of the Cancer Experience Program conducted three cohorts for capacity building of 22 Indian palliative care and cancer programs. Indian leadership established a Mumbai QI training hub in 2019 with philanthropic support. In 2020, the project which is now named Enable Quality, Improve Patient care - India (EQuIP-India) focuses on both palliative care and cancer teams. EQuIP-India now leads ongoing Indian national collaboratives and training in QI and is integrated into India's National Cancer Grid. Palliative Care—Promoting Accesst and Improvement of the Cancer Experience demonstrates a feasible model of international collaboration and capacity building in palliative care and cancer QI. It is one of the several networked and blended learning approaches with potential for rapid scaling of evidence-based practices.

Implementing oncology clinical trials in Nigeria: a model for capacity building

BackgroundThere is both higher mortality and morbidity from cancer in low and medium income countries (LMICs) compared with high income countries (HICs). Clinical trial activities and development of more effective and less toxic therapies have led to significant improvements in morbidity and mortality from cancer in HICs. Unfortunately, clinical trials remain low in LMICs due to poor infrastructure and paucity of experienced personnel to execute clinical trials. There is an urgent need to build local capacity for evidence-based treatment for cancer patients in LMICs.MethodsWe conducted a survey at facilities in four Teaching Hospitals in South West Nigeria using a checklist of information on various aspects of clinical trial activities. The gaps identified were addressed using resources sourced in partnership with investigators at HIC institutions.ResultsDeficits in infrastructure were in areas of patient care such as availability of oncology pharmacists, standard laboratories and diagnostic facilities, clinical equipment maintenance and regular calibrations, trained personnel for clinical trial activities, investigational products handling and disposals and lack of standard operating procedures for clinical activities. There were two GCP trained personnel, two study coordinators and one research pharmacist across the four sites. Interventions were instituted to address the observed deficits in all four sites which are now well positioned to undertake clinical trials in oncology. Training on all aspects of clinical trial was also provided.ConclusionsPartnerships with institutions in HICs can successfully identify, address, and improve deficits in infrastructure for clinical trial in LMICs. The HICs should lead in providing funds, mentorship, and training for LMIC institutions to improve and expand clinical trials in LMIC countries.

4143 HiREC Endowment: Building Models in Research Capacity for Infrastructure Sustainability and Productivity

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Improve infrastructure, resources, partnerships, and metrics to enhance the research environment for Hispanic researchers as a Minority Serving Institution. To support the research infrastructure in our Campus to encourage a research culture of sustainability and productivity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Development of four research capacity-building models to enhance the pathway of junior researchers as independent researchers:1. MSc Phase I-Scholar Award 2 years in a Post Doctoral Master in CTR ; 2. Advanced CTR Award 1 year to support research infrastructure development in submitting a grant to NIH with the mentoring of a Visiting Endowed Chair; 3. Mini Infrastructure Research Award 1 year provides funds to increase research productivity; 4. Award on Excellence in CTR recognizes a faculty member with a distinguished research portfolio that support HiREC Career Coach and Mentoring approach. HiREC targets junior faculty, early and mid-career researchers from our two partners Schools. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: HiREC has been recognize as support for research infrastructure development. Since 2011, 10 MSc Phase I-Scholar Awards have been granted increasing the pool of trained Hispanics researchers in P. R., the Advanced CTR Award of $50,000 each, from March, 2019, was granted to 2 women researchers from the SoM and 2 Visiting Endowed Chair were accepted as candidates. The Mini Infrastructure Research Award, since 2017, supported the development of 2 Science labs, data analysis, 3 peer review publications and other research capacity building. Two researchers from the SoM were honored with the HiREC 2018 Award on Excellence in CTR heighten the institutional recognition of top researchers’ endeavors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: It’s imperative to pursue specific strategies that lead to successful research capacity-building models. By acknowledging institutional research infrastructure needs, trendy scientific and technological knowledges and researchers’ needs, HiREC have been able to successfully accomplish its mission. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Authors have no conflict of interest in this research.

A partnership to develop disaster simulations for nursing students in response to climate change: description of a programme in Bluefields, Nicaragua, and Virginia, USA

BackgroundA common practice in global nursing education is short-term missions where US-based students spend a brief time in a host country with hands-on experiences with patients, but maintain a US-centric perspective. Subsequently, an exchange becomes extractive, where one group benefits. Capacity-building models are needed in global health nursing education. In 2007, Bluefields Indian and Caribbean University (BICU), Nicaragua, and the University of Virginia (UVA), USA, began a collaborative partnership. In 2018, nursing faculties in these institutions developed simulations for nursing students at both sites, focused on disaster response in the context of climate change. Bluefields, located on the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua, is vulnerable to extreme weather events and, increasingly, communities across Virginia are also experiencing such weather events. Here, we describe the joint programme and report student responses to the pilot simulations. MethodsIn 2019, three pilot simulations were conducted with groups of BICU and UVA students in Bluefields; subsequently, simulation-based training events centred on disaster preparedness responses to climate change were integrated into curricula at both institutions. In July, 2019, faculty partnered to run the simulation with 46 UVA graduate (pre-licensure) second year students, and 36 undergraduate students at BICU. Only faculty travelled between both institutions in 2019, although student groups in both locations participated in the same simulated disaster scenarios to promote preparedness. All participants completed a pre-event and post-event survey about the simulation experience and their preparedness for a disaster scenario and also participated in group debriefing. FindingsStudents at UVA reported increased confidence related to their ability to: respond in the event of a disaster (96%); their ability to describe three important considerations for disaster response in low-resource settings (97%); and their ability to describe considerations or activities for public health nurses to support disaster preparedness before a disaster (97%). Similarly, increased confidence was reported students at BICU in these categories of 97%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. InterpretationStudents and faculty at both institutions were open to, and interested in, the focus area of disaster preparedness, and the process of learning about extreme weather events related to climate change. A focus on the simulation on the acute disaster response and the subsequent debriefing on proactive pre-disaster prevention was important for learning. This work exemplifies a process for developing best practice models in global nursing education, underpinned by nursing education research in global health and capacity building. FundingThe Jefferson Trust, an initiative of the Alumni Association of the University of Virginia.

A partnership model for capacity-building of primary care physicians in evidence-based management of diabetic retinopathy in India.

In India, more than 72 million people have diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening complication of people with diabetes, is an important cause of avoidable blindness. The delay in the detection of DR is due to lack of awareness and shortage of ophthalmologists trained in the management of DR. With this background, in 2015, we initiated a capacity-building program “Certificate Course in Evidence Based Management of Diabetic Retinopathy (CCDR)” with an objective to build the skills and core competencies of the physicians across India in the management of diabetes and DR. The program has completed four cycles and 578 physicians have been trained. The course elicited an excellent response, which reflects the much-felt need for skill improvement in DR diagnosis and management for physicians in India. This model demonstrates an innovative modality to address DR-related avoidable blindness in a resource-restraint country like India.

The Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Partnership (SHARP) for Mental Health Capacity Building: a program protocol for building implementation science and mental health research and policymaking capacity in Malawi and Tanzania

BackgroundMental health (MH) disorders in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for a large proportion of disease burden. While efficacious treatments exist, only 10% of those in need are able to access care. This treatment gap is fueled by structural determinants including inadequate resource allocation and prioritization, both rooted in a lack of research and policy capacity. The goal of the Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Partnership for Mental Health Capacity Building (SHARP), based in Malawi and Tanzania, is to address those research and policy-based determinants.MethodsSHARP aims to (1) build implementation science skills and expertise among Malawian and Tanzanian researchers in the area of mental health; (2) ensure that Malawian and Tanzanian policymakers and providers have the knowledge and skills to effectively apply research findings on evidence-based mental health programs to routine practice; and (3) strengthen dialogue between researchers, policymakers, and providers leading to efficient and sustainable scale-up of mental health services in Malawi and Tanzania. SHARP comprises five capacity building components: introductory and advanced short courses, a multifaceted dialogue, on-the-job training, pilot grants, and “mentor the mentors” courses.DiscussionProgram evaluation includes measuring dose delivered and received, participant knowledge and satisfaction, as well as academic output (e.g., conference posters or presentations, manuscript submissions, grant applications). The SHARP Capacity Building Program aims to make a meaningful contribution in pursuit of a model of capacity building that could be replicated in other LMICs. If impactful, the SHARP Capacity Building Program could increase the knowledge, skills, and mentorship capabilities of researchers, policymakers, and providers regarding effective scale up of evidence-based MH treatment.

Building Capacity of Community Sport Clubs to Increase Female Participation

Despite the benefits of participating in the physically active leisure pursuit of sport, women and girls have lower participation levels than men and boys. This study adopted Millar and Doherty process model of capacity building to describe community sport clubs’ response to local government policy on increasing the number of women and girls as players and leaders. Data regarding the need to build capacity to implement initiatives to recruit and retain women and girls were collected through an online survey targeting managers of sport clubs (n = 20). Moderate levels of capacity were reported, however capacity building strategies did not align with clubs’ specific capacity needs for initiatives to support women as leaders. Club readiness to build capacity to support women and girls as players was strong; nonetheless, club needs were somewhat addressed for these initiatives. Contributions to capacity building theory and implications for the clubs are presented.

Penguatan Iptek dan kearifan lokal dalam pengelolaan perikanan di Desa Pangkalan Jambi Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis

The coastal area has many potential resources whose utilization is not optimal. One potential that must be developed is the potential of human resources, with ability and creativity, humans can create and develop everything that is initially not considered and has a low selling value into something that has high economic value. The strengthening of science and technology aims to motivate rural communities, especially fishermen, to develop creativity so that they can increase the income and welfare of fishing communities. The science and technology strengthening activity was carried out in Pangkalan Jambi Village with two models, namely the application of the Center for Environment and Society Model, namely utilizing the productive use of social capital and environmentally friendly management of fisheries resources. The second application is the Entrepreneurship Capacity Building (ECB) model related to the ability of the entrepreneurial community. Science and technology strengthening activities and local wisdom in the form of fostering fishing communities in the management of fishery products such as chips, nuggets, meatballs, oil, as medicines and fish jelly as cosmetics. Then institutional development and assistance for marketing. So far, fishermen are only able to sell their catches directly without technology-based processing. After the dedication, there were three programs carried out including the formation of individual skills in fish processing, group formation, and marketing management assistance.

MODEL CAPACITY BUILDING KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH BERBASIS KOMPETENSI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN SEKOLAH BERBASIS KARAKTER

This study aims to determine the capacity building model of competency-based headmaster leadership in realizing a character school. This research uses quantitative approach with causal survey method with path analysis technique. The sample used is 72 respondents consisting of elementary school teachers (SD) in Jakarta. Principal Competence (X1) have an effect on Personality Character of Headmaster (X2) that is P21 = 0,772 and r12 = 0,772. Principal Competence (X1) effect on School Character (X3) that is P31 = 0,430 and r13 = 0,727. Character Personality Principal (X2) gives influence to Character School (X3) that is, P31 = 0,430 and r23 = 0,716. Suggestions from the findings of this study are: the need to be improved and selected the Principal's personality as the leader character in order to create the principal's leadership in the School, so as to influence the enhancement of the superior Principal's competence and to create a characteristic school required the headmaster's personality capable of becoming the school leader and required superior principal competence.

Assessing geriatric capacity building needs in public hospitals in Mexico.

To conduct a needs assessment of public hospitals in Mexico to determine workforce specific capacity building needs in thecare of older people. The older population in Mexico is growing rapidly. The healthcare system and workforce may not be prepared to handle the needs of older people, especially those with chronic illnesses who are also disadvantaged socioeconomically. Determining workforce and system needs is important to strategically develop capacity. A needs assessment using a pragmatic qualitative approach structured this study. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with healthcare professionals at five public hospitals in Mexico. Directed content analysis techniques analysed the data. Ninety-two healthcare professionals participated in the study. Three themes emerged, including geriatric service delivery, social changes and human resources for health. Participants reported a lack of gerontology knowledge and related clinical skills deficits to provide care for hospitalised elders and expressed emotional distress related to the lack of resources in their institutions. All healthcare professionals expressed strong concern at the social toll the ageing population had on families. The support of government organisations emerged as a facilitator for adoption of geriatric care principles. This qualitative study uncovered important data to inform the implementation of quality improvement and capacity building models for older people care in Mexico. There appears to be strong potential for a culturally appropriate translation of high-income country older people care models within the Mexican healthcare context. Findings suggests there is a need to increase geriatric capacity building among helathcare professionals in Mexico. This will be an important step in improving care for hospitalised older people.

Establishing a sustainable anaesthetic education programme at Jimma University Medical Centre, Ethiopia.

Lack of continuing education and physician anaesthetist support are commonly cited problems amongst Ethiopian anaesthetic providers. Whilst operating at Jimma University Medical Centre (JUMC), Operation Smile volunteers identified a clear need for improvement in anaesthetic care delivery at JUMC. JUMC is a 450-bed university teaching hospital 350 km southwest of Addis Ababa. At the start of this programme it had two physician anaesthetists, with the majority of anaesthesia historically having been provided by non-physician anaesthesia providers. A visiting lecturer programme was established at JUMC in 2012 following collaboration between two consultant anaesthetists, working for Operation Smile and JUMC respectively. UK trainee anaesthetists in their final years of anaesthetic training volunteered at JUMC for periods of two to six months, providing sustainable education and consistent physician anaesthetist presence to support service provision and training. Over its six-year history, nine visiting lecturers have volunteered at JUMC. They have helped establish a postgraduate training programme in anaesthesia, assisting in the provision of a future physician anaesthetist workforce. Four different training courses designed for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been delivered and visiting lecturers have trained local anaesthetists in subsequent course delivery. Patient safety and quality improvement projects have included introducing the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist, Lifebox pulse oximeters, obstetric spinal anaesthesia packs, improving critical care delivery and establishing two post-anaesthetic care units. Development of partnerships on local, national and global platforms were key to the effective delivery of relevant sustainable education and support. Instilling local ownership proved fundamental to implementing change in the local safety culture at JUMC. Sound mentorship from anaesthetic consultant supervisors both in the UK and in Jimma was crucial to support the UK trainee anaesthetists working in a challenging global setting. This model of sustainable capacity building in an LMIC with a significant deficit in its physician workforce could be replicated in a similar LMIC setting.

A collaborative model for capacity building of primary care physicians in the management of Hypertension in India.

A collaborative model for capacity building of primary care physicians in the management of Hypertension in India.

Методологически алгоритъм за формиране на капацитет за упражняване на доброволчески труд от студенти

In the article, the theoretical and applied analysis is devoted to the substantive debate on the framework of an institutional model for capacity building for volunteer work by students from the areas of helping professions. Volunteering is aimed at overcoming the problems of psycho-social adaptation to the academic environment of fresh-school students or the lack of skills to adapt to an unfamiliar environment. The scientific conceptualization of the methodological algorithm is based on the implementation of specific strategies for the prevention of the psycho-social health of the students.

673-P: Certificate Course in Evidence-Based Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Unique Partnership Model for Capacity Building of Primary Care Physicians in India

Background: In India, 72 million people are suffering from diabetes. Studies showed that every fifth person in India with diabetes could have Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) causing a significant impact on health system. To address this burden, a capacity-building model was initiated with an objective to build the skills and core competencies of physicians for evidence based management of DR. Methodology: Certificate Course in Evidence Based Management of Diabetic Retinopathy (CCDR) is a joint partnership program implemented via a robust curriculum developed by leading academic partners, vetted by 8 renowned Diabetologists/Retina specialists, delivered by 40 Regional Faculty in 20 centers across India, comprised of didactic lectures, case studies and instructional videos. The four modular course conducted as once a month contact session and one session as hands-on-training at premier retina institute with an integral monitoring and supervision mechanism. Results: Over 3 cycles; 445 participants have been trained from 100 districts (159 cities, 22 states and 2 UTs); 42% affiliated to public sector and 51% are postgraduates. Pre/Post-test knowledge score revealed a significant change (p< 0.05). Participants rated overall course as an ‘excellent’ (9.1/10). The course is endorsed by UKRI Council GCRF through Ornate-India and has been adopted by various state government and international organizations. The fourth cycle of the course will train another 100 physicians. To ensure sustainability and expand the reach of the course, it has also been developed into an e-learning platform. Conclusion: This unique educational model has met an excellent response from physicians, which probably reflects the felt need of physician community in India for skill improvement in DR management. Disclosure S. Bhalla: None. P. Kumar: None. H. Chandwani: None. M. Joshi: None.

660-P: Nationwide Capacity Building Model in Gestational Diabetes Management for Primary Care Physicians in India

Background: Pregnancies complicated by GDM have fourfold increased risk of perinatal mortality and has a long-term health impact, with more than 50% of women with GDM going on to develop type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years of delivery. In India an estimated 4 million women have GDM. Aim: To highlight the components of a PAN India training model specifically designed to enhance the knowledge, skills, and core competencies of Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) in the management of GDM. Methodology: Addressing the issue of dearth of trained professionals in specialized area like gestational diabetes by building the capacity of PCPs is an important strategy towards improving GDM management. A four modular course was developed jointly by Public Health Foundation of India and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Education Academy to train primary care physicians with strong course curriculum, vetted and approved by the eminent panel of national experts constituting of eminent endocrinologists and gynecologists. Result: Certificate Course in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (CCGDM) has trained 3200 participants and covered 26 states, 3 Union Territories, 257 districts and 437 cities in the last 4 cycles. This model has been adopted by five state governments- Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura and Uttarakhand for training their medical officers. Out of the trained participants, 52% were post- graduates and 39% belonged to Government sector. The robust monitoring mechanism and precise certification method led to 90% pass percentage and 92% of trained physicians claimed that it helped them in better diagnosis, timely referral and management of GDM patients with significant knowledge improvement. Conclusion: Focusing on GDM by training PCPs is a low-cost intervention both to improve maternal and child health as well as to prevent future diabetes. This is a well- defined progressive training model to build capacity among doctors in GDM Management and has the potential to be adopted by low income countries. Disclosure P. Kumar: None. S. Bhalla: None. H. Chandwani: None.

Training as strategy for school self-evaluation capacity building

The aim of the paper is to discuss the importance of school (self-) evaluation capacity building within quality assurance system in education in Slovenia. The research is focused on self-evaluation training program in 245 educational institutions. The results demonstrate its importance and pinpoints several challenges, i.e.: “how to build organizational (leaders’) evaluation capacity”, “learning transfer in practice”, and “how to choose among various evaluation capacity building strategies”. Building upon empirical findings, the paper suggests that the training as a sole strategy for capacity building does not suffice in the competitive, quality-driven educational context. Correspondingly, the model of self-evaluation capacity building for schools is presented and discussed.